From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from casper.infradead.org (casper.infradead.org [90.155.50.34]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 980293EB7FB; Wed, 12 Aug 2026 13:24:55 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=90.155.50.34 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1786541102; cv=none; b=qcMKxStLVBfpY7JDiapHvIVoyn7bByEGKTxtPskxBztDIaMlGeqpLCzoMZT35nCiPfSTmkJrR+2h78s1n9mZdJ5oNUYl7kCaf3vYxWduzB2DYpmAJNxxTJVWijjXE34rOEXweO7i3jqPAFfuIOU9VuD3BdTxaI2kjIL4xiYkEz4= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1786541102; c=relaxed/simple; bh=Oab6G4Zahn9j9yy2wQPDqBdxqS7pGy8E+1mLML9NQpI=; h=Message-ID:Subject:From:To:Cc:Date:In-Reply-To:References: Content-Type:MIME-Version; b=J+2CywYi4ACRsKlOsllvi0jad8OCX7xUxRwn83CFryuwD7woTYv7LPZIMRuYZd3ElZT11gewjaofR4IYBn/YBsURwU5i0JsjJeBBaA4w1MJSVp/HZZO3F7Xx9980WLkGBJCRwJEF5A2r6jab4NVkQ6OBBeyY+7rR+ndntCfOFg4= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=infradead.org; spf=none smtp.mailfrom=casper.srs.infradead.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=infradead.org header.i=@infradead.org header.b=su++aBVu; arc=none smtp.client-ip=90.155.50.34 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=infradead.org Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=none smtp.mailfrom=casper.srs.infradead.org Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=infradead.org header.i=@infradead.org header.b="su++aBVu" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=infradead.org; s=casper.20170209; h=MIME-Version:Content-Type:References: In-Reply-To:Date:Cc:To:From:Subject:Message-ID:Sender:Reply-To: Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-ID:Content-Description; bh=29ehwn/a/DZNEfUsYRgzqZ38k/KDLS5Gy5YfqCelmVs=; b=su++aBVujRW3oREKT6kipzNRbD NMtPSkU+1tEwBg5OTIsOtlh8oQby08qxtunV46+b7jnsOJJ23Q8zWAl6n3PrA6vUMRgrVIY04K9zj drROtqiKJfKM8R4OW7ZZGTg0UKT50XSdFIyJ1YBLPNNgWPFzMvxiTqnSINQun4RO7+2ypHqgont8I k9AMd0ne2yKt2fDCaW1NQE0y0Qh6zaWRYQ3dFwTFn8h7lxTPdDZQuf4jqQtNSpi9KactnW2MEbxw9 5UPoa3xcFO8oSYnW/gMSv8Z23fk9Vq0pRpVr3WP1Qy5zLaCpc7mUIgYgU19vdwxltpd9h0JzTYY1m zF83wwCg==; Received: from [2001:8b0:10b:5:a3a3:d97e:a004:df29] (helo=u09cd745991455d.ant.amazon.com) by casper.infradead.org with esmtpsa (Exim 4.99.1 #2 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1wu8wp-000000021W6-2alX; Wed, 12 Aug 2026 13:24:47 +0000 Message-ID: <041c720a44dfe612ef54cf7075adaae01dd20d92.camel@infradead.org> Subject: Re: [PATCH] srcu: Add try_synchronize_srcu() for callers which can prove readers absent From: David Woodhouse To: "Paul E. McKenney" , Sean Christopherson Cc: Lai Jiangshan , Josh Triplett , Steven Rostedt , Mathieu Desnoyers , Boqun Feng , Neeraj Upadhyay , Joel Fernandes , Uladzislau Rezki , Paolo Bonzini , rcu@vger.kernel.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 14:24:41 +0100 In-Reply-To: <0f4dea21bac43685d3286df329401177e4452b36.camel@infradead.org> References: <0f4dea21bac43685d3286df329401177e4452b36.camel@infradead.org> Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg="sha-256"; protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"; boundary="=-Rr74TMf0VsGUSldOt9uw" User-Agent: Evolution 3.60.3-0ubuntu1~ppa9~24.04 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-SRS-Rewrite: SMTP reverse-path rewritten from by casper.infradead.org. See http://www.infradead.org/rpr.html --=-Rr74TMf0VsGUSldOt9uw Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Argh, a random syzbot fix has polluted my recipient cache; adding Sean for = real. On Wed, 2026-08-12 at 13:32 +0100, David Woodhouse wrote: > From: David Woodhouse >=20 > For a dedicated srcu_struct whose read-side critical sections are > short, atomic, and usually absent =E2=80=94 such as one converted from a > spinning lock =E2=80=94 the common case at synchronize time is that there= are > no readers at all. Even synchronize_srcu_expedited() still costs the > caller an unconditional sleep and two trips through the SRCU workqueue > to discover that: tens of microseconds of machinery to wait for > nothing. And synchronize_srcu()'s auto-expedite heuristic explicitly > declines to expedite within exp_holdoff (25=C2=B5s) of the previous grace > period, which is exactly the regime a burst of back-to-back > invalidations puts such a domain in. >=20 > Provide try_synchronize_srcu(), which proves the no-readers case > inline and returns true without sleeping, without the workqueue, and > without advancing the grace-period sequence (so cookies from > get_state_synchronize_srcu() and queued callbacks are unaffected). If > the proof fails, it returns false and the caller falls back: >=20 > if (!try_synchronize_srcu(ssp)) > synchronize_srcu_expedited(ssp); >=20 > For Tree SRCU the proof sums both epochs' unlock counters, executes a > full barrier, then sums both epochs' lock counters. Equality proves a > moment within this function at which no reader existed: a reader > entering between the sums inflates only the lock sum (spurious > fallback, safe), and a reader whose increment is unobserved has not > yet returned from srcu_read_lock() =E2=80=94 the barrier pairing with > __srcu_read_lock() guarantees such a reader sees every store the > caller made beforehand, so it is not a reader the caller is obliged > to wait for. Summing both epochs means no index flip is required, and > without a flip the counter-wrap concerns of > srcu_readers_active_idx_check() do not arise. Readers of the _fast() > flavors elide the read-side barrier this depends on; any sign of them > (in the unlock-side rdm mask, which is gathered unconditionally) > disqualifies the fast path. >=20 > For Tiny SRCU (!SMP) both nesting counts being zero already proves no > reader exists =E2=80=94 a mid-section reader could only be preempted or i= n an > interrupt, either of which leaves its count visibly elevated =E2=80=94 an= d > program order on the sole CPU provides all the required ordering. >=20 > The immediate motivation is a proposed conversion of KVM's > gfn_to_pfn_cache to use SRCU=C2=B9, where the mmu_notifier invalidation > path must drain readers of a cache (in the manner of a TLB shootdown) > before the primary MMU zaps the backing page. Those readers are short > non-sleeping fast paths, some in contexts which cannot sleep (hardirq > event channel delivery, the scheduler's sched-out hook); measurement > under a worst-case invalidation flood shows 98.8% of drains complete inli= ne > in 4-16=C2=B5s where the expedited grace period took 32-128=C2=B5s, with = the > wait dominated by workqueue round-trip latency, not by readers. >=20 > =C2=B9 https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260811132237.102400-1-dwmw2@infradea= d.org/ >=20 > More potential use cases already exist in the tree with the same > no-readers-common-case profile: kvm->irq_srcu takes half a dozen > expedited grace periods in the irqfd and routing-update paths (bursts > of which, at VM boot, fall inside the exp_holdoff window), and mshv's > pt_irq_srcu is the same shape. >=20 > Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse > Assisted-by: Claude:claude-mythos-5 > --- > Compile-tested for Tiny SRCU (tinyconfig); the Tree version has had > the KVM gfn_to_pfn_cache conversion soaking on it under an adversarial > invalidation flood. >=20 > =C2=A0include/linux/srcu.h=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 1 + > =C2=A0kernel/rcu/srcutiny.c | 23 ++++++++++++++ > =C2=A0kernel/rcu/srcutree.c | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++= +++ > =C2=A03 files changed, 94 insertions(+) >=20 > diff --git a/include/linux/srcu.h b/include/linux/srcu.h > index a54ce9e808b9..0d7543c7becc 100644 > --- a/include/linux/srcu.h > +++ b/include/linux/srcu.h > @@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ void call_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp, struct rcu_head= *head, > =C2=A0 void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head)); > =C2=A0void cleanup_srcu_struct(struct srcu_struct *ssp); > =C2=A0void synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp); > +bool try_synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp); > =C2=A0 > =C2=A0#define SRCU_GET_STATE_COMPLETED 0x1 > =C2=A0 > diff --git a/kernel/rcu/srcutiny.c b/kernel/rcu/srcutiny.c > index a2e2d516e51b..f07159cae241 100644 > --- a/kernel/rcu/srcutiny.c > +++ b/kernel/rcu/srcutiny.c > @@ -260,6 +260,29 @@ void synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp) > =C2=A0} > =C2=A0EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_srcu); > =C2=A0 > +/** > + * try_synchronize_srcu - inline grace period for a reader-free srcu_str= uct > + * @ssp: srcu_struct with which to synchronize. > + * > + * If @ssp provably has no readers in either epoch, provide the > + * synchronize_srcu() guarantee to the caller immediately, without > + * sleeping. Returns true on success; on failure the caller must fall > + * back to synchronize_srcu(). > + * > + * On !SMP a reader can only be mid-critical-section if it was > + * preempted (or is running in an interrupt which preempted us), in > + * which case its nesting count is visibly non-zero. Both counts being > + * zero therefore proves that no reader exists, and any reader which > + * begins after this function returns will, by program order on this > + * sole CPU, observe every store the caller made before calling it. > + */ > +bool try_synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp) > +{ > + return !READ_ONCE(ssp->srcu_lock_nesting[0]) && > + =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 !READ_ONCE(ssp->srcu_lock_nesting[= 1]); > +} > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(try_synchronize_srcu); > + > =C2=A0/* > =C2=A0 * get_state_synchronize_srcu - Provide an end-of-grace-period cook= ie > =C2=A0 */ > diff --git a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c > index 2601566c254a..76a78336feaa 100644 > --- a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c > +++ b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c > @@ -1645,6 +1645,76 @@ void synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp) > =C2=A0} > =C2=A0EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_srcu); > =C2=A0 > +/** > + * try_synchronize_srcu - inline grace period for a reader-free srcu_str= uct > + * @ssp: srcu_struct with which to synchronize. > + * > + * If @ssp provably has no readers in either epoch, provide the > + * synchronize_srcu() guarantee to the caller immediately: without > + * sleeping, without a trip through the SRCU workqueue, and without > + * advancing the grace-period sequence. Returns true on success; on > + * failure the caller must fall back to synchronize_srcu() or > + * synchronize_srcu_expedited(). > + * > + * This serves dedicated srcu_struct structures whose read-side critical > + * sections are short, atomic, and usually absent =E2=80=94 where even a= n > + * expedited grace period costs two trips through the workqueue and an > + * unconditional sleep of the caller, three orders of magnitude more > + * than the check below. > + * > + * Only readers of the srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_lock_nmisafe() > + * flavors are compatible with this proof; if the _fast() flavors have > + * ever been used on @ssp, this function always returns false. > + */ > +bool try_synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp) > +{ > + unsigned long unlocks0, unlocks1; > + unsigned long rdm0, rdm1; > + > + check_init_srcu_struct(ssp); > + > + /* > + * Order the caller's prior stores before the counter reads below. > + * Pairs (store-buffering pattern) with the smp_mb() in > + * __srcu_read_lock(): any reader whose lock increment is not > + * observed by the sums below is guaranteed to observe, within its > + * critical section, every store the caller made before calling > + * this function. > + */ > + smp_mb(); > + > + unlocks0 =3D srcu_readers_unlock_idx(ssp, 0, &rdm0); > + unlocks1 =3D srcu_readers_unlock_idx(ssp, 1, &rdm1); > + > + /* > + * Reader flavors which elide the read-side smp_mb() that the > + * pairing above depends on cannot be proven absent this way; > + * they need a real grace period. > + */ > + if ((rdm0 | rdm1) & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_SLOWGP) > + return false; > + > + /* > + * As in srcu_readers_active_idx_check(): ensure that a lock is > + * always counted if the corresponding unlock is counted, so that > + * a reader racing with these sums can only inflate the lock sum > + * and force the (safe) fallback. Summing both epochs means no > + * index flip is needed: a stable equality proves there was a > + * moment in this function at which no readers existed at all. > + */ > + smp_mb(); > + > + if (!srcu_readers_lock_idx(ssp, 0, false, unlocks0)) > + return false; > + if (!srcu_readers_lock_idx(ssp, 1, false, unlocks1)) > + return false; > + > + /* Order the caller's subsequent accesses after the proof. */ > + smp_mb(); > + return true; > +} > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(try_synchronize_srcu); > + > =C2=A0/** > =C2=A0 * get_state_synchronize_srcu - Provide an end-of-grace-period cook= ie > =C2=A0 * @ssp: srcu_struct to provide cookie for. --=-Rr74TMf0VsGUSldOt9uw Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature; name="smime.p7s" Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="smime.p7s" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExDzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFADCABgkqhkiG9w0BBwEAAKCCE8Ew ggWvMIIEl6ADAgECAhANkOKMSmGXhF5eMl0rsRhvMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDAUAMGUxCzAJBgNVBAYT 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