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This is the requirement so that _this_ driver returns >>> EPROBE_DEFER and *then* once the MSI domain driver is loaded as a module >>> (after boot) this driver is probed again and succeeds. >> Why module? for "riscv-aplic", "msi-parent" shall be "riscv-imsic" and >> it is "builtin_platform_driver", see >> drivers/irqchip/irq-riscv-imsic-platform.c > > But _how_ do you want to make deferred probing happen that will change > aplic_syscore_registered after init without using modules? > This is how. I provide a counter-example. To model supplier that will not be satisfied I added fake "clocks". I know there's no "clocks" in the aplic bindings, this is simply to model supplier that takes long time. In the real life it should be the msi-parent that takes forever to probe. DTS modified like this, it has 3 aplic_m/aplic_s pairs, I show here only modifications: / { soc { aplic_late_supplier: aplic-late-supplier { compatible = "test,aplic-late-supplier"; #clock-cells = <0>; }; }; }; &aplic_s0 { clocks = <&aplic_late_supplier>; }; &aplic_s1 { clocks = <&aplic_late_supplier>; }; &aplic_s2 { clocks = <&aplic_late_supplier>; }; &aplic_m0 { clocks = <&aplic_late_supplier>; }; &aplic_m1 { clocks = <&aplic_late_supplier>; }; &aplic_m2 { clocks = <&aplic_late_supplier>; }; It fails on boot, real test with QEMU: [ 1.940204] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 2328K [ 1.940774] Run /init as init process [ 10.874635] riscv-aplic 48760000.interrupt-controller: 257 interrupts directly connected to 8 CPUs [ 10.874892] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffffffff80e04fc4 [ 10.875059] [ffffffff80e04fc4] pgd=000000023fffe801, p4d=000000023fffe801, pud=000000023fffe801, pmd=00000002004000e3 [ 10.875407] Oops [#1] [ 10.875806] Workqueue: events_unbound deferred_probe_work_func [ 10.875961] epc : aplic_probe+0xd8/0xfa [ 10.876153] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ffffffff80e04fc4 cause: 000000000000000f [ 10.876210] [] aplic_probe+0xd8/0xfa [ 10.876252] [] platform_probe+0x3e/0x7a [ 10.876262] [] really_probe+0x88/0x35c ... [ 10.876349] [] deferred_probe_work_func+0x92/0xfe [ 10.876360] [] process_one_work+0x150/0x3d4 cause: 0xf is a store page fault; the PMD 0x...e3 has V|R|X|A|D but not W, i.e. the rodata mapping after mark_rodata_ro(). The faulting instruction is the store from aplic_syscore_init() (inlined into aplic_probe): ffffffff804ca12a: jal ffffffff80558216 ffffffff804ca12e: li a5,1 ffffffff804ca130: auipc a4,0x93b ffffffff804ca134: sb a5,-364(a4) # ffffffff80e04fc4