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From: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Reply-To: michael@ellerman.id.au
Organization: IBM LTC
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc64-dev@ozlabs.org
Subject: Why no bigphysarea in mainline?
Date: Thu, 17 Mar 2005 20:57:04 +1100
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Hi all,

Can anyone recall if there's ever been a discussion about merging the
bigphysarea patch (see below) into mainline? I couldn't find much of
interest on google.

I realise bigphysarea is a bit of a hack, but it's no where near as
big a hack as using mem=X to limit the kernel's memory and then using
the rest of memory for your device driver.

The reason I'm curious is because I've gotten several queries about the
mem=X option on PPC64 and whether it will support this hack, which it
won't.

If no one has any fundamental objections I think it'd be good to get
this merged into mainline so people start using it rather than mem=X
hacks. To that end please let me know what you think is wrong with
the patch as it stands (below).

cheers

Nick Martin's version for 2.6.9 (which applies to 2.6.11):
http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0411.1/2076.html

And the guts of it:

Index: 2.6.11-bigphysarea/mm/bigphysarea.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null   1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ 2.6.11-bigphysarea/mm/bigphysarea.c 2005-03-17 19:15:08.256421832 +1100
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/* linux/mm/bigphysarea.c, M. Welsh (mdw@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx)
+ * Copyright (c) 1996 by Matt Welsh.
+ * Extended by Roger Butenuth (butenuth@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx), October 1997
+ * Extended for linux-2.1.121 till 2.4.0 (June 2000)
+ *     by Pauline Middelink <middelink@xxxxxxxxxxx>
+ * Extended for linux-2.6.9 (November 2004)
+ *     by Nick Martin <nim@xxxxxxx>
+ *
+ * This is a set of routines which allow you to reserve a large (?)
+ * amount of physical memory at boot-time, which can be allocated/deallocated
+ * by drivers. This memory is intended to be used for devices such as
+ * video framegrabbers which need a lot of physical RAM (above the amount
+ * allocated by kmalloc). This is by no means efficient or recommended;
+ * to be used only in extreme circumstances.
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/config.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/pci.h>
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/bootmem.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/bigphysarea.h>
+
+static int get_info(char* buf, char**, off_t, int);
+
+typedef struct range_struct {
+       struct range_struct *next;
+       caddr_t base;                   /* base of allocated block */
+       size_t  size;                   /* size in bytes */
+} range_t;
+
+/*
+ * 0: nothing initialized
+ * 1: bigphysarea_pages initialized
+ * 2: free list initialized
+ */
+static int     init_level = 0;
+static int     bigphysarea_pages = 0;
+static caddr_t bigphysarea = 0;
+static range_t *free_list = NULL;
+static range_t *used_list = NULL;
+static struct resource mem_resource = { "Bigphysarea", 0, 0, IORESOURCE_MEM|IORESOURCE_BUSY };
+
+static
+int __init bigphysarea_init(void)
+{
+       if (bigphysarea_pages == 0 || bigphysarea == 0)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       /* create to /proc entry for it */
+       if (!create_proc_info_entry("bigphysarea",0444,NULL,get_info)) {
+               // ohoh, no way to free the allocated memory!
+               // continue without proc support, it not fatal in itself
+//             free_bootmem((unsigned long)bigphysarea>>PAGE_SHIFT,bigphysarea_pages<<PAGE_SHIFT);
+//             bigphysarea = 0;
+//             return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+
+       init_level = 1;
+
+       printk(KERN_INFO "bigphysarea: Allocated %d pages at 0x%p.\n",
+              bigphysarea_pages, bigphysarea);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+__initcall(bigphysarea_init);
+
+/*
+ * call when 'bigphysarea=' is given on the commandline.
+ *
+ * Strangely, bootmem is still active during this call, but
+ * during the processing of the initcalls it isn't anymore!
+ * So we alloc the needed memory here instead of bigphysarea_init().
+ */
+static
+int __init bigphysarea_setup(char *str)
+{
+       int par;
+       if (get_option(&str,&par)) {
+               bigphysarea_pages = par;
+               // Alloc the memory
+               bigphysarea = alloc_bootmem_low_pages(bigphysarea_pages<<PAGE_SHIFT);
+               if (!bigphysarea) {
+                       printk(KERN_CRIT "bigphysarea: not enough memory for %d pages\n",bigphysarea_pages);
+                       return -ENOMEM;
+               }
+
+               // register the resource for it
+               mem_resource.start = bigphysarea;
+               mem_resource.end = mem_resource.start + (bigphysarea_pages<<PAGE_SHIFT);
+               request_resource(&iomem_resource, &mem_resource);
+       }
+       return 1;
+}
+
+__setup("bigphysarea=", bigphysarea_setup);
+
+/*
+ * When we have pages but don't have a freelist, put all pages in
+ * one free list entry. Return 0 on success, 1 on error.
+ */
+static
+int init2(int priority)
+{
+       if (init_level == 1) {
+               free_list = kmalloc(sizeof(range_t), priority);
+               if (free_list != NULL) {
+                       free_list->next = NULL;
+                       free_list->base = bigphysarea;
+                       free_list->size = bigphysarea_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
+                       init_level = 2;
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       }
+       return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Allocate `count' pages from the big physical area. Pages are aligned to
+ * a multiple of `align'. `priority' has the same meaning in kmalloc, it
+ * is needed for management information.
+ * This function may not be called from an interrupt!
+ */
+caddr_t bigphysarea_alloc_pages(int count, int align, int priority)
+{
+       range_t *range, **range_ptr, *new_range, *align_range;
+       caddr_t aligned_base;
+
+       if (init_level < 2)
+               if (init2(priority))
+                       return 0;
+       new_range   = NULL;
+       align_range = NULL;
+
+       if (align == 0)
+               align = PAGE_SIZE;
+       else
+               align = align * PAGE_SIZE;
+       /*
+        * Search a free block which is large enough, even with alignment.
+        */
+       range_ptr = &free_list;
+       while (*range_ptr != NULL) {
+               range = *range_ptr;
+               aligned_base =
+                 (caddr_t)((((unsigned long)range->base + align - 1) / align) * align);
+               if (aligned_base + count * PAGE_SIZE <=
+                   range->base + range->size)
+                       break;
+            range_ptr = &range->next;
+       }
+       if (*range_ptr == NULL)
+               return 0;
+       range = *range_ptr;
+       /*
+        * When we have to align, the pages needed for alignment can
+        * be put back to the free pool.
+        * We check here if we need a second range data structure later
+        * and allocate it now, so that we don't have to check for a
+        * failed kmalloc later.
+        */
+       if (aligned_base - range->base + count * PAGE_SIZE < range->size) {
+               new_range = kmalloc(sizeof(range_t), priority);
+               if (new_range == NULL)
+                       return NULL;
+       }
+       if (aligned_base != range->base) {
+               align_range = kmalloc(sizeof(range_t), priority);
+               if (align_range == NULL) {
+                       if (new_range != NULL)
+                               kfree(new_range);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               align_range->base = range->base;
+               align_range->size = aligned_base - range->base;
+               range->base = aligned_base;
+               range->size -= align_range->size;
+               align_range->next = range;
+               *range_ptr = align_range;
+               range_ptr = &align_range->next;
+       }
+       if (new_range != NULL) {
+               /*
+                * Range is larger than needed, create a new list element for
+                * the used list and shrink the element in the free list.
+                */
+               new_range->base        = range->base;
+               new_range->size        = count * PAGE_SIZE;
+               range->base = new_range->base + new_range->size;
+               range->size = range->size - new_range->size;
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * Range fits perfectly, remove it from free list.
+                */
+               *range_ptr = range->next;
+               new_range = range;
+       }
+       /*
+        * Insert block into used list
+        */
+       new_range->next = used_list;
+       used_list = new_range;
+
+       return new_range->base;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(bigphysarea_alloc_pages);
+
+/*
+ * Free pages allocated with `bigphysarea_alloc_pages'. `base' must be an
+ * address returned by `bigphysarea_alloc_pages'.
+ * This function my not be called from an interrupt!
+ */
+void bigphysarea_free_pages(caddr_t base)
+{
+       range_t *prev, *next, *range, **range_ptr;
+
+       /*
+        * Search the block in the used list.
+        */
+       for (range_ptr = &used_list;
+            *range_ptr != NULL;
+            range_ptr = &(*range_ptr)->next)
+               if ((*range_ptr)->base == base)
+                       break;
+       if (*range_ptr == NULL) {
+               printk("bigphysarea_free_pages(0x%08x), not allocated!\n",
+                      (unsigned)base);
+               return;
+       }
+       range = *range_ptr;
+       /*
+        * Remove range from the used list:
+        */
+       *range_ptr = (*range_ptr)->next;
+       /*
+        * The free-list is sorted by address, search insertion point
+        * and insert block in free list.
+        */
+       for (range_ptr = &free_list, prev = NULL;
+            *range_ptr != NULL;
+            prev = *range_ptr, range_ptr = &(*range_ptr)->next)
+               if ((*range_ptr)->base >= base)
+                       break;
+       range->next  = *range_ptr;
+       *range_ptr   = range;
+       /*
+        * Concatenate free range with neighbors, if possible.
+        * Try for upper neighbor (next in list) first, then
+        * for lower neighbor (predecessor in list).
+        */
+       if (range->next != NULL &&
+           range->base + range->size == range->next->base) {
+               next = range->next;
+               range->size += range->next->size;
+               range->next = next->next;
+               kfree(next);
+       }
+       if (prev != NULL &&
+           prev->base + prev->size == range->base) {
+               prev->size += prev->next->size;
+               prev->next = range->next;
+               kfree(range);
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(bigphysarea_free_pages);
+
+caddr_t bigphysarea_alloc(int size)
+{
+       int pages = (size + PAGE_SIZE - 1) / PAGE_SIZE;
+
+       return bigphysarea_alloc_pages(pages, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(bigphysarea_alloc);
+
+
+void bigphysarea_free(caddr_t addr, int size)
+{
+       (void)size;
+       bigphysarea_free_pages(addr);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(bigphysarea_free);
+
+static
+int get_info(char *buf, char **a, off_t b, int c)
+{
+       char    *p = buf;
+       range_t *ptr;
+       int     free_count, free_total, free_max;
+       int     used_count, used_total, used_max;
+
+       if (init_level == 1)
+         init2(GFP_KERNEL);
+
+       free_count = 0;
+       free_total = 0;
+       free_max   = 0;
+       for (ptr = free_list; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) {
+               free_count++;
+               free_total += ptr->size;
+               if (ptr->size > free_max)
+                       free_max = ptr->size;
+       }
+
+       used_count = 0;
+       used_total = 0;
+       used_max   = 0;
+       for (ptr = used_list; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) {
+               used_count++;
+               used_total += ptr->size;
+               if (ptr->size > used_max)
+                       used_max = ptr->size;
+       }
+
+       if (bigphysarea_pages == 0) {
+               p += sprintf(p, "No big physical area allocated!\n");
+               return  p - buf;
+       }
+
+       p += sprintf(p, "Big physical area, size %ld kB\n",
+                    bigphysarea_pages * PAGE_SIZE / 1024);
+       p += sprintf(p, "                       free list:             used list:\n");
+       p += sprintf(p, "number of blocks:      %8d               %8d\n",
+                    free_count, used_count);
+       p += sprintf(p, "size of largest block: %8d kB            %8d kB\n",
+                    free_max / 1024, used_max / 1024);
+       p += sprintf(p, "total:                 %8d kB            %8d kB\n",
+                    free_total / 1024, used_total /1024);
+
+       return  p - buf;
+}

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