[PATCH] binderfs: implement "max" mount option

[Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>]

Since binderfs can be mounted by userns root in non-initial user namespaces
some precautions are in order. First, a way to set a maximum on the number
of binder devices that can be allocated per binderfs instance and second, a
way to reserve a reasonable chunk of binderfs devices for the initial ipc
namespace.
A first approach as seen in [1] used sysctls similiar to devpts but was
shown to be flawed (cf. [2] and [3]) since some aspects were unneeded. This
is an alternative approach which avoids sysctls completely and instead
switches to a single mount option.

Starting with this commit binderfs instances can be mounted with a limit on
the number of binder devices that can be allocated. The max=<count> mount
option serves as a per-instance limit. If max=<count> is set then only
<count> number of binder devices can be allocated in this binderfs
instance.
Additionally, the binderfs instance in the initial ipc namespace will
always have a reserve of at least 1024 binder devices unless explicitly
capped via max=<count>.

This allows to safely bind-mount binderfs instances into unprivileged user
namespaces since userns root in a non-initial user namespace cannot change
the mount option as long as it does not own the mount namespace the
binderfs mount was created in and hence cannot drain the host of minor
device numbers

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181221133909.18794-1-christian@brauner.io/
[2]; https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181221163316.GA8517@kroah.com/
[3]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHRSSEx+gDVW4fKKK8oZNAir9G5icJLyodO8hykv3O0O1jt2FQ@mail.gmail.com/
[4]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181221192044.5yvfnuri7gdop4rs@brauner.io/

Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
---
 drivers/android/binderfs.c | 109 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 104 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/android/binderfs.c b/drivers/android/binderfs.c
index 7496b10532aa..93aee00994d4 100644
--- a/drivers/android/binderfs.c
+++ b/drivers/android/binderfs.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/parser.h>
 #include <linux/radix-tree.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock_types.h>
 #include <linux/stddef.h>
@@ -39,6 +40,11 @@
 #define INODE_OFFSET 3
 #define INTSTRLEN 21
 #define BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR (1U << MINORBITS)
+/*
+ * Ensure that the initial ipc namespace always has a good chunk of devices
+ * available.
+ */
+#define BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR_CAPPED (BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR - 1024)
 
 static struct vfsmount *binderfs_mnt;
 
@@ -46,6 +52,24 @@ static dev_t binderfs_dev;
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(binderfs_minors_mutex);
 static DEFINE_IDA(binderfs_minors);
 
+/**
+ * binderfs_mount_opts - mount options for binderfs
+ * @max: maximum number of allocatable binderfs binder devices
+ */
+struct binderfs_mount_opts {
+	int max;
+};
+
+enum {
+	Opt_max,
+	Opt_err
+};
+
+static const match_table_t tokens = {
+	{ Opt_max, "max=%d" },
+	{ Opt_err, NULL     }
+};
+
 /**
  * binderfs_info - information about a binderfs mount
  * @ipc_ns:         The ipc namespace the binderfs mount belongs to.
@@ -55,13 +79,16 @@ static DEFINE_IDA(binderfs_minors);
  *                  created.
  * @root_gid:       gid that needs to be used when a new binder device is
  *                  created.
+ * @mount_opts:     The mount options in use.
+ * @device_count:   The current number of allocated binder devices.
  */
 struct binderfs_info {
 	struct ipc_namespace *ipc_ns;
 	struct dentry *control_dentry;
 	kuid_t root_uid;
 	kgid_t root_gid;
-
+	struct binderfs_mount_opts mount_opts;
+	atomic_t device_count;
 };
 
 static inline struct binderfs_info *BINDERFS_I(const struct inode *inode)
@@ -107,13 +134,22 @@ static int binderfs_binder_device_create(struct inode *ref_inode,
 	struct inode *inode = NULL;
 	struct super_block *sb = ref_inode->i_sb;
 	struct binderfs_info *info = sb->s_fs_info;
+	bool use_reserve = (info->ipc_ns == &init_ipc_ns);
 
 	/* Reserve new minor number for the new device. */
 	mutex_lock(&binderfs_minors_mutex);
-	minor = ida_alloc_max(&binderfs_minors, BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&info->device_count) < info->mount_opts.max)
+		minor = ida_alloc_max(&binderfs_minors,
+				      use_reserve ? BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR :
+						    BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR_CAPPED,
+				      GFP_KERNEL);
+	else
+		minor = -ENOSPC;
 	mutex_unlock(&binderfs_minors_mutex);
-	if (minor < 0)
+	if (minor < 0) {
+		atomic_dec(&info->device_count);
 		return minor;
+	}
 
 	ret = -ENOMEM;
 	device = kzalloc(sizeof(*device), GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -187,6 +223,7 @@ static int binderfs_binder_device_create(struct inode *ref_inode,
 	kfree(name);
 	kfree(device);
 	mutex_lock(&binderfs_minors_mutex);
+	atomic_dec(&info->device_count);
 	ida_free(&binderfs_minors, minor);
 	mutex_unlock(&binderfs_minors_mutex);
 	iput(inode);
@@ -232,6 +269,7 @@ static long binder_ctl_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
 static void binderfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct binder_device *device = inode->i_private;
+	struct binderfs_info *info = BINDERFS_I(inode);
 
 	clear_inode(inode);
 
@@ -239,6 +277,7 @@ static void binderfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
 		return;
 
 	mutex_lock(&binderfs_minors_mutex);
+	atomic_dec(&info->device_count);
 	ida_free(&binderfs_minors, device->miscdev.minor);
 	mutex_unlock(&binderfs_minors_mutex);
 
@@ -246,9 +285,64 @@ static void binderfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	kfree(device);
 }
 
+/**
+ * binderfs_parse_mount_opts - parse binderfs mount options
+ * @data: options to set (can be NULL in which case defaults are used)
+ */
+static int binderfs_parse_mount_opts(char *data,
+				     struct binderfs_mount_opts *opts)
+{
+	char *p;
+	opts->max = BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR;
+
+	while ((p = strsep(&data, ",")) != NULL) {
+		substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+		int token;
+		int max_devices;
+
+		if (!*p)
+			continue;
+
+		token = match_token(p, tokens, args);
+		switch (token) {
+		case Opt_max:
+			max_devices = match_int(&args[0], &max_devices);
+			if (max_devices < 0 || (max_devices > BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR))
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			opts->max = max_devices;
+			break;
+		default:
+			pr_err("Invalid mount options\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int binderfs_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
+{
+	struct binderfs_info *info = sb->s_fs_info;
+	return binderfs_parse_mount_opts(data, &info->mount_opts);
+}
+
+static int binderfs_show_mount_opts(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
+{
+	struct binderfs_info *info;
+
+	info = root->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+	if (info->mount_opts.max < BINDERFS_MAX_MINOR)
+		seq_printf(seq, ",max=%d", info->mount_opts.max);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static const struct super_operations binderfs_super_ops = {
-	.statfs = simple_statfs,
-	.evict_inode = binderfs_evict_inode,
+	.evict_inode    = binderfs_evict_inode,
+	.remount_fs	= binderfs_remount,
+	.show_options	= binderfs_show_mount_opts,
+	.statfs         = simple_statfs,
 };
 
 static int binderfs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
@@ -409,6 +503,10 @@ static int binderfs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 	if (!info)
 		goto err_without_dentry;
 
+	ret = binderfs_parse_mount_opts(data, &info->mount_opts);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_without_dentry;
+
 	info->ipc_ns = ipc_ns;
 	info->root_gid = make_kgid(sb->s_user_ns, 0);
 	if (!gid_valid(info->root_gid))
@@ -416,6 +514,7 @@ static int binderfs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 	info->root_uid = make_kuid(sb->s_user_ns, 0);
 	if (!uid_valid(info->root_uid))
 		info->root_uid = GLOBAL_ROOT_UID;
+	atomic_set(&info->device_count, 0);
 
 	sb->s_fs_info = info;
 
-- 
2.19.1