From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from out30-99.freemail.mail.aliyun.com (out30-99.freemail.mail.aliyun.com [115.124.30.99]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9C53B48167C; Mon, 18 May 2026 13:54:04 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=115.124.30.99 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1779112447; cv=none; b=qjO2Dasbw4jhNcqXoufSDUuI3zauFYDIkY5TdDquoaPEMGNNlO8UjtGJbPlUODSeFypmjHBGy/lSEd690lIsqeejYCc+LNvewiOb3B06Az12seTFdosrdOhj6A+Nxw/aL/RS1FKGfT0v+ofkJw+XeSQKWJgoRmc82mp9woghS5U= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1779112447; c=relaxed/simple; bh=1xhjQKvSRFHt5/k6XPlJd+8sLssjifoYNFJWL++qzxA=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:Message-ID:In-Reply-To:References: MIME-Version; b=gr8aeuS7Ynfqpu6JAHJDubKOnsxcpZY3AuJ/YwUylXkHTQ4DUQz9WMrVhgx7V8bihpROWEQ0O8QsPfg0/U8kNK9ScCzQxcKVA9QVbMziv2sVxi69kTRjtLPxiQ2Kx8n0pJuJNmMbRlVruxJh5zrG5i8ZPIeYyGqEgsJfk0c+3D4= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=linux.alibaba.com; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=linux.alibaba.com; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=linux.alibaba.com header.i=@linux.alibaba.com header.b=VcuvT4DO; arc=none smtp.client-ip=115.124.30.99 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=linux.alibaba.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=linux.alibaba.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=linux.alibaba.com header.i=@linux.alibaba.com header.b="VcuvT4DO" DKIM-Signature:v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=linux.alibaba.com; s=default; t=1779112442; h=From:To:Subject:Date:Message-ID:MIME-Version; bh=4YDxFm6IczcmVb4vGHQZOtXvG3cyQHG9FHj8D+ZYqGw=; b=VcuvT4DOFoMSMf354dvwNR3s+fjT3rY9cDA6AetnSx2vhH89cXQFxTYH5FMngcGCK00J8xzpjmzwu8fdCTOHk/PiqNY6G0clyN77SKHnQmU2iivnnEuqKh2yDN17jeM0aqOPxfEXwUu/+omLXp1ByG3oYhkCpF5HMJvtpRtpCXk= X-Alimail-AntiSpam:AC=PASS;BC=-1|-1;BR=01201311R191e4;CH=green;DM=||false|;DS=||;FP=0|-1|-1|-1|0|-1|-1|-1;HT=maildocker-contentspam011083073210;MF=libaokun@linux.alibaba.com;NM=1;PH=DS;RN=8;SR=0;TI=SMTPD_---0X3AU7wt_1779112440; Received: from x31h02109.sqa.na131.tbsite.net(mailfrom:libaokun@linux.alibaba.com fp:SMTPD_---0X3AU7wt_1779112440 cluster:ay36) by smtp.aliyun-inc.com; Mon, 18 May 2026 21:54:01 +0800 From: Baokun Li To: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Cc: viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk, brauner@kernel.org, jack@suse.cz, tj@kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 3/3] writeback: use a per-sb counter to drain inode wb switches at umount Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 21:53:49 +0800 Message-ID: <20260518135349.1187628-4-libaokun@linux.alibaba.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.43.7 In-Reply-To: <20260518135349.1187628-1-libaokun@linux.alibaba.com> References: <20260518135349.1187628-1-libaokun@linux.alibaba.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Tracking in-flight inode wb switches with a single global counter (isw_nr_in_flight) plus a synchronize_rcu() based wait in cgroup_writeback_umount() forces every umount to take a global hit whenever any other superblock on the system has wb switches in flight, even if the superblock being unmounted has none of its own. Replace the global synchronize_rcu()/flush_workqueue() pair with a per-sb counter, s_isw_nr_in_flight, plus three small helpers: - cgroup_writeback_pin(sb) - increment counter - cgroup_writeback_unpin(sb) - decrement and wake drainer if last - cgroup_writeback_drain(sb) - wait for counter to reach zero The wiring is: - inode_prepare_wbs_switch() pins before checking SB_ACTIVE and grabbing the inode; failure paths unpin before returning. A lockless SB_ACTIVE check at the top of the function lets us skip the atomic_inc/smp_mb dance once SB_ACTIVE has been cleared (it is monotonic and never set back). - process_inode_switch_wbs() unpins after the matching iput(). - cgroup_writeback_umount() drains the per-sb counter via wait_var_event(). The smp_mb() pair between inode_prepare_wbs_switch() and cgroup_writeback_umount() keeps the SB_ACTIVE / counter ordering: either the umounter sees a non-zero counter and waits, or the switcher sees SB_ACTIVE cleared and aborts before grabbing the inode. The global isw_nr_in_flight is left in place, since it is still used to throttle in-flight switches via WB_FRN_MAX_IN_FLIGHT. The rcu_read_lock() extension in inode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() that the race fix added is no longer needed and is reverted; the synchronize_rcu() that the race fix added to cgroup_writeback_umount() is dropped as well. The following numbers were measured on a 16 vCPU QEMU guest with 4 background superblocks each churning "create memcg -> write 1 MiB -> rmdir memcg" to keep the global isw_nr_in_flight non-zero. Latencies are wall-clock around umount(8); only the target sb's umount is measured. Target sb runs its own cgwb churn: p50 p95 p99 max global synchronize_rcu() 67.6 ms 88.3 ms 88.3 ms 96.8 ms per-sb counter (this) 7.9 ms 10.0 ms 10.0 ms 10.1 ms Idle target umount latency under cross-sb cgwb-switch pressure: p50 p95 p99 max global synchronize_rcu() 62.7 ms 95.4 ms 108.1 ms 108.6 ms per-sb counter (this) 5.3 ms 6.9 ms 7.4 ms 7.4 ms no-pressure baseline 4.9 ms 5.9 ms 6.3 ms 6.7 ms 8 concurrent umounts of idle sbs under the same pressure: p50 p95 max global synchronize_rcu() 61.3 ms 99.5 ms 113.7 ms per-sb counter (this) 8.1 ms 9.1 ms 9.5 ms In-kernel cgroup_writeback_umount() time across the same run (bpftrace, ~340 calls covering all scenarios): global synchronize_rcu() 12371 ms total (~36 ms / call) per-sb counter (this) 1.37 ms total ( ~4 us / call) Suggested-by: Christian Brauner Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/177910456953.488929.2169908940676707307.b4-review@b4 Signed-off-by: Baokun Li --- fs/fs-writeback.c | 87 ++++++++++++++++++---------------- include/linux/fs/super_types.h | 8 ++++ 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c index 325a30cc35bf..32fec4b9094e 100644 --- a/fs/fs-writeback.c +++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c @@ -497,6 +497,23 @@ static bool inode_do_switch_wbs(struct inode *inode, return switched; } +static inline void cgroup_writeback_pin(struct super_block *sb) +{ + atomic_inc(&sb->s_isw_nr_in_flight); +} + +static inline void cgroup_writeback_unpin(struct super_block *sb) +{ + if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sb->s_isw_nr_in_flight)) + wake_up_var(&sb->s_isw_nr_in_flight); +} + +static inline void cgroup_writeback_drain(struct super_block *sb) +{ + wait_var_event(&sb->s_isw_nr_in_flight, + !atomic_read(&sb->s_isw_nr_in_flight)); +} + static void process_inode_switch_wbs(struct bdi_writeback *new_wb, struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw) { @@ -554,8 +571,12 @@ static void process_inode_switch_wbs(struct bdi_writeback *new_wb, wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched); } - for (inodep = isw->inodes; *inodep; inodep++) + for (inodep = isw->inodes; *inodep; inodep++) { + struct super_block *sb = (*inodep)->i_sb; + iput(*inodep); + cgroup_writeback_unpin(sb); + } wb_put(new_wb); kfree(isw); atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight); @@ -598,16 +619,19 @@ void inode_switch_wbs_work_fn(struct work_struct *work) static bool inode_prepare_wbs_switch(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *new_wb) { + /* Avoid the atomic_inc/smp_mb dance once SB_ACTIVE is gone. */ + if (!(inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_ACTIVE)) + return false; + /* - * Paired with smp_mb() in cgroup_writeback_umount(). - * isw_nr_in_flight must be increased before checking SB_ACTIVE and - * grabbing an inode, otherwise isw_nr_in_flight can be observed as 0 - * in cgroup_writeback_umount() and the isw_wq will be not flushed. + * Pairs with smp_mb() in cgroup_writeback_umount(): the umounter either + * sees a non-zero counter and waits, or we see SB_ACTIVE clear below. */ + cgroup_writeback_pin(inode->i_sb); smp_mb(); if (IS_DAX(inode)) - return false; + goto out_dec; /* while holding I_WB_SWITCH, no one else can update the association */ spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); @@ -615,13 +639,17 @@ static bool inode_prepare_wbs_switch(struct inode *inode, inode_state_read(inode) & (I_WB_SWITCH | I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE) || inode_to_wb(inode) == new_wb) { spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); - return false; + goto out_dec; } inode_state_set(inode, I_WB_SWITCH); __iget(inode); spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); return true; + +out_dec: + cgroup_writeback_unpin(inode->i_sb); + return false; } static void wb_queue_isw(struct bdi_writeback *wb, @@ -673,6 +701,7 @@ static void inode_switch_wbs(struct inode *inode, int new_wb_id) memcg_css = css_from_id(new_wb_id, &memory_cgrp_subsys); if (memcg_css && !css_tryget(memcg_css)) memcg_css = NULL; + rcu_read_unlock(); if (!memcg_css) goto out_free; @@ -688,11 +717,9 @@ static void inode_switch_wbs(struct inode *inode, int new_wb_id) trace_inode_switch_wbs_queue(inode->i_wb, new_wb, 1); wb_queue_isw(new_wb, isw); - rcu_read_unlock(); return; out_free: - rcu_read_unlock(); atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight); if (new_wb) wb_put(new_wb); @@ -750,14 +777,6 @@ bool cleanup_offline_cgwb(struct bdi_writeback *wb) new_wb = &wb->bdi->wb; /* wb_get() is noop for bdi's wb */ nr = 0; - /* - * Paired with synchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount(). - * Holding rcu_read_lock across the SB_ACTIVE check, the inode grab - * and wb_queue_isw() ensures synchronize_rcu() cannot return until - * the work is queued, so the subsequent flush_workqueue() will wait - * for the switch. - */ - rcu_read_lock(); spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); /* * In addition to the inodes that have completed writeback, also switch @@ -775,7 +794,6 @@ bool cleanup_offline_cgwb(struct bdi_writeback *wb) /* no attached inodes? bail out */ if (nr == 0) { - rcu_read_unlock(); atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight); wb_put(new_wb); kfree(isw); @@ -784,7 +802,6 @@ bool cleanup_offline_cgwb(struct bdi_writeback *wb) trace_inode_switch_wbs_queue(wb, new_wb, nr); wb_queue_isw(new_wb, isw); - rcu_read_unlock(); return restart; } @@ -1217,39 +1234,27 @@ int cgroup_writeback_by_id(u64 bdi_id, int memcg_id, } /** - * cgroup_writeback_umount - flush inode wb switches for umount + * cgroup_writeback_umount - wait for in-flight inode wb switches on @sb * @sb: target super_block * - * This function is called when a super_block is about to be destroyed and - * flushes in-flight inode wb switches. An inode wb switch goes through - * RCU and then workqueue, so the two need to be flushed in order to ensure - * that all previously scheduled switches are finished. As wb switches are - * rare occurrences and synchronize_rcu() can take a while, perform - * flushing iff wb switches are in flight. + * Wait until every inode wb switch that already passed the SB_ACTIVE + * check on this superblock has been completed by the worker. Since + * SB_ACTIVE is cleared before this is called, no new switches can start + * for @sb, so s_isw_nr_in_flight will monotonically drop to zero. */ void cgroup_writeback_umount(struct super_block *sb) { - if (!(sb->s_bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_WRITEBACK)) return; /* - * SB_ACTIVE should be reliably cleared before checking - * isw_nr_in_flight, see generic_shutdown_super(). + * Pairs with smp_mb() in inode_prepare_wbs_switch(): we either observe + * a non-zero counter and wait, or the switcher sees SB_ACTIVE clear + * (cleared by generic_shutdown_super()) and bails before grabbing the + * inode. */ smp_mb(); - - if (atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight)) { - /* - * Paired with rcu_read_lock() in inode_switch_wbs() and - * cleanup_offline_cgwb(). synchronize_rcu() waits for any - * in-flight switcher that already passed the SB_ACTIVE check - * to finish queueing its work, so flush_workqueue() below - * will then drain it. - */ - synchronize_rcu(); - flush_workqueue(isw_wq); - } + cgroup_writeback_drain(sb); } static int __init cgroup_writeback_init(void) diff --git a/include/linux/fs/super_types.h b/include/linux/fs/super_types.h index 383050e7fdf5..1ab4e2265129 100644 --- a/include/linux/fs/super_types.h +++ b/include/linux/fs/super_types.h @@ -274,6 +274,14 @@ struct super_block { /* number of fserrors that are being sent to fsnotify/filesystems */ refcount_t s_pending_errors; + +#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK + /* + * Number of in-flight inode wb switches for this sb. Drained by + * cgroup_writeback_umount() before tear-down. + */ + atomic_t s_isw_nr_in_flight; +#endif } __randomize_layout; /* -- 2.43.7