From: Len Bao <len.bao@gmx.us>
To: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>, Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.com>
Cc: Len Bao <len.bao@gmx.us>,
linux-sound@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH] ALSA: core: Mark some variables as __ro_after_init
Date: Sun, 24 May 2026 16:29:13 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260524162914.47764-1-len.bao@gmx.us> (raw)
Some variables in the 'ALSA/core' are initialized only during the init
phase in the '__init' functions and never changed. So, mark them as
__ro_after_init to reduce the attack surface.
Signed-off-by: Len Bao <len.bao@gmx.us>
---
sound/core/hrtimer.c | 2 +-
sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c | 4 ++--
sound/core/rawmidi.c | 4 ++--
sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c | 4 ++--
sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c | 2 +-
5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/sound/core/hrtimer.c b/sound/core/hrtimer.c
index 9fcd1c03d..92c585f8e 100644
--- a/sound/core/hrtimer.c
+++ b/sound/core/hrtimer.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_ALIAS("snd-timer-" __stringify(SNDRV_TIMER_GLOBAL_HRTIMER));
#define NANO_SEC 1000000000UL /* 10^9 in sec */
-static unsigned int resolution;
+static unsigned int resolution __ro_after_init;
struct snd_hrtimer {
struct snd_timer *timer;
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
index 33fd34f0d..402089e3f 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
#define OSS_ALSAEMULVER _SIOR ('M', 249, int)
-static int dsp_map[SNDRV_CARDS];
-static int adsp_map[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = 1};
+static int dsp_map[SNDRV_CARDS] __ro_after_init;
+static int adsp_map[SNDRV_CARDS] __ro_after_init = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = 1};
static bool nonblock_open = 1;
MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>, Abramo Bagnara <abramo@alsa-project.org>");
diff --git a/sound/core/rawmidi.c b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
index 3b1034a44..4dfd9d53e 100644
--- a/sound/core/rawmidi.c
+++ b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Midlevel RawMidi code for ALSA.");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
-static int midi_map[SNDRV_CARDS];
-static int amidi_map[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = 1};
+static int midi_map[SNDRV_CARDS] __ro_after_init;
+static int amidi_map[SNDRV_CARDS] __ro_after_init = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = 1};
module_param_array(midi_map, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(midi_map, "Raw MIDI device number assigned to 1st OSS device.");
module_param_array(amidi_map, int, NULL, 0444);
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
index d3e6a8a8d..1aece46c8 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ static int maxqlen = SNDRV_SEQ_OSS_MAX_QLEN;
module_param(maxqlen, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(maxqlen, "maximum queue length");
-static int system_client = -1; /* ALSA sequencer client number */
-static int system_port = -1;
+static int system_client __ro_after_init = -1; /* ALSA sequencer client number */
+static int system_port __ro_after_init = -1;
static int num_clients;
static struct seq_oss_devinfo *client_table[SNDRV_SEQ_OSS_MAX_CLIENTS];
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c
index af45f328a..3fe0853aa 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ struct snd_seq_dummy_port {
int connect;
};
-static int my_client = -1;
+static int my_client __ro_after_init = -1;
/*
* event input callback - just redirect events to subscribers
--
2.43.0
next reply other threads:[~2026-05-24 16:29 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 2+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-05-24 16:29 Len Bao [this message]
2026-05-25 7:32 ` Takashi Iwai
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