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It allows registers defined for device A to work for another device B and there is no safeguarding at all. Change this by requiring a base type for registers. `register!` can still define registers on untyped `Region`s, although users would need to do so explicitly and supply a concrete type. This change makes it possible to use projection for relative registers; relative registers can be implemented by defining new types for the I/O subregions and just define registers for these subregion types like normal registers. This actually results in more ergnomic code for users of relative registers (currently only nova-core), because non-array registers can be written to with subregion_proj(bar).read(REG) subregion_proj(bar).write_reg(reg) instead of bar.read(REG::of::()) bar.write(WithBase::of::(), reg) Signed-off-by: Gary Guo --- Gary Guo (10): rust: io: register: allow explicit base type specification gpu: nova-core: specify base type for registers drm/tyr: specify base type for registers samples: rust: pci: specify base type for registers rust: io: register: make register have a typed base rust: io: add static `cast()` method for views rust: io: add subregion method with compile-time check gpu: nova-core: use projection for PFALCON and PFALCON2 registers gpu: nova-core: convert hshub0 from relative register to projection rust: io: register: remove relative registers drivers/gpu/drm/tyr/driver.rs | 1 + drivers/gpu/drm/tyr/regs.rs | 42 ++ drivers/gpu/nova-core/driver.rs | 1 + drivers/gpu/nova-core/falcon.rs | 158 +++--- drivers/gpu/nova-core/falcon/fsp.rs | 53 +- drivers/gpu/nova-core/falcon/gsp.rs | 43 +- drivers/gpu/nova-core/falcon/hal/ga102.rs | 39 +- drivers/gpu/nova-core/falcon/hal/tu102.rs | 8 +- drivers/gpu/nova-core/falcon/sec2.rs | 32 +- drivers/gpu/nova-core/fb/hal/gb100.rs | 51 +- drivers/gpu/nova-core/fb/regs.rs | 4 + drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/fwsec/bootloader.rs | 11 +- drivers/gpu/nova-core/gsp/regs.rs | 4 + drivers/gpu/nova-core/regs.rs | 134 +++-- drivers/gpu/nova-core/vbios.rs | 11 +- rust/kernel/io.rs | 67 +++ rust/kernel/io/register.rs | 539 +++------------------ samples/rust/rust_driver_pci.rs | 4 + 18 files changed, 461 insertions(+), 741 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 3fe08b9796f36ef437ab9328e7dd1e5ff2d66603 change-id: 20260721-typed_register-176eab3abee7 Best regards, -- Gary Guo