From: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com>
To: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>,
Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
x86@kernel.org, "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
Ashish Kalra <ashish.kalra@amd.com>,
Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>,
Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>,
Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>, Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>,
Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>,
Steffen Eiden <seiden@linux.ibm.com>,
Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>,
Zenghui Yu <yuzenghui@huawei.com>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>, Yan Zhao <yan.y.zhao@intel.com>,
"Edgecombe, Rick P" <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>,
Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@google.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, kvmarm@lists.linux.dev,
Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com>
Subject: [PATCH v2 4/4] KVM: guest_memfd: Stop returning struct page from PFN lookup
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 09:15:55 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260818-gmem-no-return-page-v2-4-5298f42d49bb@google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260818-gmem-no-return-page-v2-0-5298f42d49bb@google.com>
From: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
KVM currently expects guest_memfd PFN lookups to return a refcounted
struct page, which callers hold across fault handling.
Holding a page reference across fault handling is problematic for
guest_memfd. In-place memory conversions between confidential
computing shared and private states inspect folio refcounts to ensure
exclusive ownership by guest_memfd. A concurrent guest page fault
taking a reference on the folio causes conversions to fail due to an
elevated refcount.
guest_memfd already notifies KVM of page invalidations, so callers
within KVM only need to respect the MMU invalidation protocol to safely
rely on guest_memfd for page presence.
Furthermore, removing struct page from the guest_memfd PFN lookup moves
KVM closer toward supporting memory backends that are not backed by
struct page.
Drop the folio reference immediately before returning from the
guest_memfd PFN lookup, and stop returning the struct page pointer.
For ARM, initialize the local page pointer to NULL so that the shared
cleanup path that releases fault-in pages safely no-ops for guest_memfd.
For x86, no additional changes are required in the MMU fault path
because the page fault tracking structure is zero-initialized at the
start of page fault handling, ensuring the refcounted page pointer is
already NULL.
Reported-by: Yan Zhao <yan.y.zhao@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/anZ4W9o5pTWIEgMY@yzhao56-desk.sh.intel.com/
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Co-developed-by: Yan Zhao <yan.y.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yan Zhao <yan.y.zhao@intel.com>
Co-developed-by: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com>
---
arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c | 4 ++--
arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c | 4 ++--
arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c | 8 ++------
include/linux/kvm_host.h | 6 ++----
virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c | 9 ++-------
6 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
index 6c941aaa10c63..e5d637a5ec558 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ static int gmem_abort(const struct kvm_s2_fault_desc *s2fd)
enum kvm_pgtable_prot prot = KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_R;
struct kvm_pgtable *pgt = s2fd->vcpu->arch.hw_mmu->pgt;
unsigned long mmu_seq;
- struct page *page;
+ struct page *page = NULL;
struct kvm *kvm = s2fd->vcpu->kvm;
void *memcache = NULL;
kvm_pfn_t pfn;
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ static int gmem_abort(const struct kvm_s2_fault_desc *s2fd)
/* Pairs with the smp_wmb() in kvm_mmu_invalidate_end(). */
smp_rmb();
- ret = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(kvm, s2fd->memslot, gfn, &pfn, &page, NULL);
+ ret = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(kvm, s2fd->memslot, gfn, &pfn, NULL);
if (ret) {
kvm_prepare_memory_fault_exit(s2fd->vcpu, s2fd->fault_ipa, PAGE_SIZE,
write_fault, exec_fault, false);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c
index fb54f6dad995c..43523bb17621a 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c
@@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ static int kvm_translate_vncr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool *is_gmem)
bool write_fault, writable;
unsigned long mmu_seq;
struct vncr_tlb *vt;
- struct page *page;
+ struct page *page = NULL;
u64 va, pfn, gfn;
int ret;
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ static int kvm_translate_vncr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool *is_gmem)
if (is_error_noslot_pfn(pfn) || (write_fault && !writable))
return -EFAULT;
} else {
- ret = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(vcpu->kvm, memslot, gfn, &pfn, &page, NULL);
+ ret = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(vcpu->kvm, memslot, gfn, &pfn, NULL);
if (ret) {
kvm_prepare_memory_fault_exit(vcpu, vt->wr.pa, PAGE_SIZE,
write_fault, false, false);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
index c519e8e8d646f..129d403308051 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
@@ -4604,7 +4604,7 @@ static int kvm_mmu_faultin_pfn_gmem(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
}
r = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(vcpu->kvm, fault->slot, fault->gfn, &fault->pfn,
- &fault->refcounted_page, &max_order);
+ &max_order);
if (r) {
kvm_mmu_prepare_memory_fault_exit(vcpu, fault);
return r;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
index d3d620bc04dce..32db979daaaf0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
@@ -4016,7 +4016,6 @@ static void __sev_snp_reload_vmsa(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa)
struct kvm *kvm = vcpu->kvm;
gfn_t gfn = gpa_to_gfn(gpa);
unsigned long mmu_seq;
- struct page *page;
kvm_pfn_t pfn;
lockdep_assert_held(&svm->sev_es.snp_vmsa_mutex);
@@ -4060,9 +4059,8 @@ static void __sev_snp_reload_vmsa(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa)
* The new VMSA will be private memory guest memory, so retrieve the
* PFN from the gmem backend.
*/
- if (kvm_gmem_get_pfn(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn, &pfn, &page, NULL))
+ if (kvm_gmem_get_pfn(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn, &pfn, NULL))
return;
- kvm_release_page_clean(page);
read_lock(&kvm->mmu_lock);
/*
@@ -5003,7 +5001,6 @@ void sev_handle_rmp_fault(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa, u64 error_code)
struct kvm *kvm = vcpu->kvm;
int order, rmp_level, ret;
unsigned long mmu_seq;
- struct page *page;
bool assigned;
kvm_pfn_t pfn;
gfn_t gfn;
@@ -5033,13 +5030,12 @@ void sev_handle_rmp_fault(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa, u64 error_code)
mmu_seq = kvm->mmu_invalidate_seq;
smp_rmb();
- ret = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(kvm, slot, gfn, &pfn, &page, &order);
+ ret = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(kvm, slot, gfn, &pfn, &order);
if (ret) {
pr_warn_ratelimited("SEV: Unexpected RMP fault, no backing page for private GPA 0x%llx\n",
gpa);
return;
}
- kvm_release_page_unused(page);
ret = snp_lookup_rmpentry(pfn, &assigned, &rmp_level);
if (ret || !assigned) {
diff --git a/include/linux/kvm_host.h b/include/linux/kvm_host.h
index 03bfc92864b6e..502465119ca0c 100644
--- a/include/linux/kvm_host.h
+++ b/include/linux/kvm_host.h
@@ -2586,13 +2586,11 @@ static inline bool kvm_mem_is_private(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn)
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GUEST_MEMFD
int kvm_gmem_get_pfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
- gfn_t gfn, kvm_pfn_t *pfn, struct page **page,
- int *max_order);
+ gfn_t gfn, kvm_pfn_t *pfn, int *max_order);
#else
static inline int kvm_gmem_get_pfn(struct kvm *kvm,
struct kvm_memory_slot *slot, gfn_t gfn,
- kvm_pfn_t *pfn, struct page **page,
- int *max_order)
+ kvm_pfn_t *pfn, int *max_order)
{
KVM_BUG_ON(1, kvm);
return -EIO;
diff --git a/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c b/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c
index b596486d184ca..589762140c3ef 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c
@@ -751,8 +751,7 @@ static struct folio *__kvm_gmem_get_pfn(struct file *file,
}
int kvm_gmem_get_pfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
- gfn_t gfn, kvm_pfn_t *pfn, struct page **page,
- int *max_order)
+ gfn_t gfn, kvm_pfn_t *pfn, int *max_order)
{
pgoff_t index = kvm_gmem_get_index(slot, gfn);
struct folio *folio;
@@ -780,11 +779,7 @@ int kvm_gmem_get_pfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
#endif
folio_unlock(folio);
-
- if (!r)
- *page = folio_file_page(folio, index);
- else
- folio_put(folio);
+ folio_put(folio);
return r;
}
--
2.55.0.699.gb54405d56f-goog
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-08-18 9:16 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 23+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-08-18 9:15 [PATCH v2 0/4] Stop returning struct page from guest_memfd " Ackerley Tng
2026-08-18 9:15 ` [PATCH v2 1/4] KVM: SEV: Treat unassigned RMP entry as benign race on PSMASH failure Ackerley Tng
2026-08-19 0:11 ` Michael Roth
2026-08-18 9:15 ` [PATCH v2 2/4] KVM: SEV: Drop page refcount early during RMP fault handling Ackerley Tng
2026-08-19 0:23 ` Michael Roth
2026-08-20 14:58 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-08-20 21:56 ` Michael Roth
2026-08-20 22:35 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-08-20 23:08 ` Michael Roth
2026-08-20 23:34 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-08-20 23:36 ` Sean Christopherson
2026-08-18 9:15 ` [PATCH v2 3/4] KVM: SEV: Drop page refcount early in VMSA reload Ackerley Tng
2026-08-19 0:31 ` Michael Roth
2026-08-18 9:15 ` Ackerley Tng [this message]
2026-08-18 13:58 ` [PATCH v2 4/4] KVM: guest_memfd: Stop returning struct page from PFN lookup Suzuki K Poulose
2026-08-19 0:49 ` Michael Roth
2026-08-19 8:52 ` Yan Zhao
2026-08-20 14:47 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-08-21 3:19 ` Yan Zhao
2026-08-18 17:12 ` [PATCH v2 0/4] Stop returning struct page from guest_memfd " David Hildenbrand (Arm)
2026-08-18 19:55 ` Sean Christopherson
2026-08-19 7:44 ` David Hildenbrand (Arm)
2026-08-19 14:27 ` Sean Christopherson
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