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Mon, 12 Oct 2026 08:30:44 -0700 (PDT) From: SeungJu Cheon To: Anup Patel , Atish Patra Cc: Paolo Bonzini , Sean Christopherson , Shuah Khan , Paul Walmsley , Palmer Dabbelt , Albert Ou , Alexandre Ghiti , Andrew Jones , Fuad Tabba , Wang Yechao , Wu Fei , kvm-riscv@lists.infradead.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, SeungJu Cheon Subject: [PATCH] KVM: riscv: selftests: Add G-stage dirty logging transition test Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:30:24 +0900 Message-ID: <20261012153024.390554-1-suunj1331@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.52.0 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Add a selftest to verify 4K dirty tracking and data integrity across G-stage hugepage splitting and dirty logging transitions. Since KVM RISC-V cannot track 4K writes inside a 2M leaf, an exact dirty bitmap also shows that the huge mapping was split. Cover single and repeated transitions, manual dirty log protection, and a regression for commit 0d9dc20842db ("RISC-V: KVM: Fix skip of valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range") using an unaligned memslot. Signed-off-by: SeungJu Cheon --- tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm | 1 + .../kvm/riscv/gstage_dirty_log_transitions.c | 412 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 413 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/riscv/gstage_dirty_log_transitions.c diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm index 4cfb6385495..4fe50fceb5e 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm @@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_s390 += pre_fault_memory_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv = $(TEST_GEN_PROGS_COMMON) TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += riscv/sbi_pmu_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += riscv/gstage_dirty_log_transitions TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += riscv/ebreak_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += access_tracking_perf_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += arch_timer diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/riscv/gstage_dirty_log_transitions.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/riscv/gstage_dirty_log_transitions.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f518cf3cbde --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/riscv/gstage_dirty_log_transitions.c @@ -0,0 +1,412 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * gstage_dirty_log_transitions - Exercise G-stage huge-page/page + * granularity changes caused by dirty logging, and verify that + * dirty tracking and guest memory contents remain correct. + * + * With hugetlb backing and a 2M-aligned slot, G-stage faults install + * 2M mappings while dirty logging is disabled. Enabling dirty logging + * requires 4K-granularity tracking, so KVM splits existing huge + * mappings either eagerly when logging is enabled (eager_page_split=1) + * or on the first write fault (eager_page_split=0). + * + * Since KVM RISC-V cannot track individual 4K writes within a 2M + * leaf, a dirty bitmap that identifies exactly the written 4K pages + * provides evidence that the huge mapping was split into 4K mappings. + * + * The asserted properties are that the guest completes the sequence, + * every KVM_RUN succeeds, the dirty bitmap identifies exactly the + * 4K pages written by the guest, and guest data is preserved across + * the transitions. + * + * Scenario 1 - Transitions on aligned blocks: + * Fault in NR_BLOCKS hugetlb-backed 2M blocks with dirty logging + * disabled, then enable logging and write selected 4K pages in + * each block. Verify the dirty bitmap, disable logging, and write + * again while checking that guest data remains intact. + * + * Scenario 2 - Repeated transitions: + * Repeat the Scenario 1 sequence over several rounds on the same + * blocks, verifying the dirty bitmap and guest data after each + * round. + * + * Scenario 3 - Manual dirty log protect: + * Repeat the transitions with KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2 + * enabled. After each GET_DIRTY_LOG, KVM_CLEAR_DIRTY_LOG clears + * the reported dirty bits and re-protects the corresponding pages. + * The guest then writes a second set of pages, which must be + * reported independently. That set overlaps the first in one page, + * so the second bitmap also verifies that the cleared pages were + * write-protected again. Skipped if the capability is unavailable. + * + * Scenario 4 - Unaligned slot with an empty leading block: + * Regression test for commit 0d9dc20842db ("RISC-V: KVM: Fix skip of + * valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range"). The slot starts 4K + * past a 2M boundary and the first block is never touched. + * The next block uses 4K anonymous backing to ensure that it is + * mapped with 4K leaves. + * + * Enabling dirty logging walks from the unaligned start, encounters + * the empty block, and must resume at the next 2M boundary. The + * broken walker advanced by 2M from the unaligned start, skipping + * write protection of the first 4K page in the next block. A guest + * write to that page then went unreported. This scenario does not + * require hugepages. + */ +#include +#include +#include + +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "processor.h" +#include "test_util.h" +#include "ucall_common.h" + +#define DATA_SLOT 1 +#define TEST_GVA 0xc0000000UL +#define BLOCK_SIZE SZ_2M +#define PAGES_PER_BLOCK (BLOCK_SIZE / SZ_4K) + +/* Exercise dirty-log transitions across multiple 2M blocks. */ +#define NR_BLOCKS 16 + +/* Two page sets with one shared page to exercise repeated dirty writes. */ +static const unsigned int sel_a[] = { 0, 3, 257, PAGES_PER_BLOCK - 1 }; +static const unsigned int sel_b[] = { 1, 3, 128, 400 }; +#define NR_SEL_A ARRAY_SIZE(sel_a) +#define NR_SEL_B ARRAY_SIZE(sel_b) + +#define PATTERN(blk, pg) (0x1000000000000000ULL | ((u64)(blk) << 32) | (pg)) +#define PATTERN_LOGGED 0x5a5a5a5a5a5a5a5aULL +#define PATTERN_LOGGED2 0x5b5b5b5b5b5b5b5bULL +#define PATTERN_AFTER 0xa5a5a5a5a5a5a5a5ULL + +/* Guest -> host stages. */ +#define STAGE_BLOCKS_READY 1 +#define STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES 2 +#define STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES2 3 +#define STAGE_ROUND_DONE 4 + +static u64 *page_addr(u64 base, unsigned int blk, unsigned int pg) +{ + return (u64 *)(base + (u64)blk * BLOCK_SIZE + (u64)pg * SZ_4K); +} + +static bool page_in_set(unsigned int pg, const unsigned int *sel, unsigned int nsel) +{ + unsigned int i; + + for (i = 0; i < nsel; i++) + if (sel[i] == pg) + return true; + return false; +} + +static void guest_fill_blocks(u64 base, u64 nblocks) +{ + unsigned int blk, pg; + + for (blk = 0; blk < nblocks; blk++) + for (pg = 0; pg < PAGES_PER_BLOCK; pg++) + WRITE_ONCE(*page_addr(base, blk, pg), PATTERN(blk, pg)); +} + +static void guest_write_selected(u64 base, u64 nblocks, + const unsigned int *sel, unsigned int nsel, u64 val) +{ + unsigned int blk, i; + + for (blk = 0; blk < nblocks; blk++) + for (i = 0; i < nsel; i++) + WRITE_ONCE(*page_addr(base, blk, sel[i]), val); +} + +static void guest_restore_selected(u64 base, u64 nblocks, + const unsigned int *sel, unsigned int nsel) +{ + unsigned int blk, i; + + for (blk = 0; blk < nblocks; blk++) + for (i = 0; i < nsel; i++) + WRITE_ONCE(*page_addr(base, blk, sel[i]), + PATTERN(blk, sel[i])); +} + +static void guest_check_blocks(u64 base, u64 nblocks, u64 val_a, u64 val_b) +{ + unsigned int blk, pg; + u64 expect; + + for (blk = 0; blk < nblocks; blk++) { + for (pg = 0; pg < PAGES_PER_BLOCK; pg++) { + if (page_in_set(pg, sel_b, NR_SEL_B)) + expect = val_b; + else if (page_in_set(pg, sel_a, NR_SEL_A)) + expect = val_a; + else + expect = PATTERN(blk, pg); + GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(READ_ONCE(*page_addr(base, blk, pg)), expect); + } + } +} + +static void guest_one_round(u64 base, u64 nblocks) +{ + /* Logging on: first page set. */ + guest_write_selected(base, nblocks, sel_a, NR_SEL_A, PATTERN_LOGGED); + GUEST_SYNC(STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES); + + /* Host checked set A and reset dirty tracking for the next writes. */ + guest_write_selected(base, nblocks, sel_b, NR_SEL_B, PATTERN_LOGGED2); + GUEST_SYNC(STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES2); + + /* Host verified set B and disabled logging. */ + guest_check_blocks(base, nblocks, PATTERN_LOGGED, PATTERN_LOGGED2); + guest_write_selected(base, nblocks, sel_a, NR_SEL_A, PATTERN_AFTER); + guest_write_selected(base, nblocks, sel_b, NR_SEL_B, PATTERN_AFTER); + guest_check_blocks(base, nblocks, PATTERN_AFTER, PATTERN_AFTER); + + /* Restore the base pattern while logging is still off. */ + guest_restore_selected(base, nblocks, sel_a, NR_SEL_A); + guest_restore_selected(base, nblocks, sel_b, NR_SEL_B); + + GUEST_SYNC(STAGE_ROUND_DONE); +} + +static void transitions_guest_code(u64 base, u64 nblocks, u64 nrounds) +{ + u64 r; + + guest_fill_blocks(base, nblocks); + GUEST_SYNC(STAGE_BLOCKS_READY); + + for (r = 0; r < nrounds; r++) + guest_one_round(base, nblocks); + + GUEST_DONE(); +} + +static void expect_sync(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 stage) +{ + struct ucall uc; + + vcpu_run(vcpu); + switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) { + case UCALL_SYNC: + TEST_ASSERT(uc.args[1] == stage, "Expected stage %lu, got %lu", + stage, uc.args[1]); + return; + case UCALL_ABORT: + REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT(uc); + default: + TEST_FAIL("Unexpected ucall %lu (wanted stage %lu)", uc.cmd, stage); + } +} + +static void expect_done(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) +{ + struct ucall uc; + + vcpu_run(vcpu); + switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) { + case UCALL_DONE: + return; + case UCALL_ABORT: + REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT(uc); + default: + TEST_FAIL("Unexpected ucall %lu (wanted done)", uc.cmd); + } +} + +static unsigned int count_dirty(const unsigned long *bmap, unsigned int nbits) +{ + unsigned int i, n = 0; + + for (i = 0; i < nbits; i++) + if (test_bit(i, bmap)) + n++; + return n; +} + +static void check_selected_dirty(unsigned long *bmap, unsigned int nblocks, + const unsigned int *sel, unsigned int nsel) +{ + unsigned int blk, i, idx; + + TEST_ASSERT_EQ(count_dirty(bmap, nblocks * PAGES_PER_BLOCK), nblocks * nsel); + for (blk = 0; blk < nblocks; blk++) { + for (i = 0; i < nsel; i++) { + idx = blk * PAGES_PER_BLOCK + sel[i]; + TEST_ASSERT(test_bit(idx, bmap), + "Block %u page %u not dirty", blk, sel[i]); + } + } +} + +static void run_transitions(unsigned int nblocks, unsigned int nrounds, bool manual) +{ + size_t npages = nblocks * PAGES_PER_BLOCK; + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + unsigned long *bmap; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + unsigned int r; + u64 gpa; + + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, transitions_guest_code); + if (manual) + vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2, + KVM_DIRTY_LOG_MANUAL_PROTECT_ENABLE); + + gpa = (vm_compute_max_gfn(vm) * vm->page_size) - nblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; + gpa = align_down(gpa, BLOCK_SIZE); + + vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS_HUGETLB_2MB, gpa, + DATA_SLOT, npages, 0); + virt_map(vm, TEST_GVA, gpa, npages); + vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 3, TEST_GVA, (u64)nblocks, (u64)nrounds); + + bmap = bitmap_zalloc(npages); + + /* Logging off: fault in hugetlb-backed blocks before enabling logging. */ + expect_sync(vcpu, STAGE_BLOCKS_READY); + + for (r = 0; r < nrounds; r++) { + vm_mem_region_set_flags(vm, DATA_SLOT, KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES); + + /* Writes under logging: split (eager or at fault) + 4K tracking. */ + expect_sync(vcpu, STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES); + + bitmap_zero(bmap, npages); + kvm_vm_get_dirty_log(vm, DATA_SLOT, bmap); + check_selected_dirty(bmap, nblocks, sel_a, NR_SEL_A); + + if (manual) + kvm_vm_clear_dirty_log(vm, DATA_SLOT, bmap, 0, npages); + + expect_sync(vcpu, STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES2); + + bitmap_zero(bmap, npages); + kvm_vm_get_dirty_log(vm, DATA_SLOT, bmap); + check_selected_dirty(bmap, nblocks, sel_b, NR_SEL_B); + + if (manual) + kvm_vm_clear_dirty_log(vm, DATA_SLOT, bmap, 0, npages); + + vm_mem_region_set_flags(vm, DATA_SLOT, 0); + + /* Logging off: writes must complete on the existing 4K leaves, data intact. */ + expect_sync(vcpu, STAGE_ROUND_DONE); + } + + expect_done(vcpu); + + free(bmap); + kvm_vm_free(vm); +} + +static void test_aligned_transitions(void) +{ + run_transitions(NR_BLOCKS, 1, false); +} + +static void test_repeated_transitions(void) +{ + run_transitions(2, 4, false); +} + +static void test_manual_protect_transitions(void) +{ + run_transitions(2, 2, true); +} + +#define UNALIGNED_NPAGES (2 * PAGES_PER_BLOCK) +/* Guest offset of the next 2M boundary past the unaligned slot start. */ +#define UNALIGNED_BLOCK1_OFF (BLOCK_SIZE - SZ_4K) + +static void unaligned_guest_code(u64 base) +{ + u64 *first = (u64 *)(base + UNALIGNED_BLOCK1_OFF); + unsigned int pg; + + /* Fault in the second 2M block only, as 4K leaves. The first stays empty. */ + for (pg = 0; pg < PAGES_PER_BLOCK; pg++) + WRITE_ONCE(*(first + pg * (SZ_4K / sizeof(u64))), 0x1); + GUEST_SYNC(STAGE_BLOCKS_READY); + + /* Logging on: this is the page the broken walker never write-protected. */ + WRITE_ONCE(*first, 0x2); + GUEST_SYNC(STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES); + + GUEST_DONE(); +} + +static void test_unaligned_slot(void) +{ + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + unsigned long *bmap; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + u64 gpa; + + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, unaligned_guest_code); + + gpa = (vm_compute_max_gfn(vm) * vm->page_size) - 3 * BLOCK_SIZE; + gpa = align_down(gpa, BLOCK_SIZE) + SZ_4K; + + /* Plain anonymous backing: the library disables THP on it. */ + vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS, gpa, DATA_SLOT, + UNALIGNED_NPAGES, 0); + virt_map(vm, TEST_GVA, gpa, UNALIGNED_NPAGES); + vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 1, TEST_GVA); + + bmap = bitmap_zalloc(UNALIGNED_NPAGES); + + expect_sync(vcpu, STAGE_BLOCKS_READY); + + /* wp_range() starts at the unaligned slot base and meets an empty 2M block. */ + vm_mem_region_set_flags(vm, DATA_SLOT, KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES); + + expect_sync(vcpu, STAGE_LOGGED_WRITES); + + kvm_vm_get_dirty_log(vm, DATA_SLOT, bmap); + TEST_ASSERT_EQ(count_dirty(bmap, UNALIGNED_NPAGES), 1); + TEST_ASSERT(test_bit(UNALIGNED_BLOCK1_OFF / SZ_4K, bmap), + "First page of the second block was not write-protected"); + + vm_mem_region_set_flags(vm, DATA_SLOT, 0); + expect_done(vcpu); + + free(bmap); + kvm_vm_free(vm); +} + +static bool hugepages_available(size_t bytes) +{ + void *mem = mmap(NULL, bytes, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_HUGETLB | MAP_HUGE_2MB, + -1, 0); + + if (mem == MAP_FAILED) + return false; + munmap(mem, bytes); + return true; +} + +int main(void) +{ + if (hugepages_available(NR_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)) { + test_aligned_transitions(); + test_repeated_transitions(); + if (kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2)) + test_manual_protect_transitions(); + else + ksft_print_msg("SKIP manual protect: capability unsupported\n"); + } else { + ksft_print_msg("SKIP hugetlb scenarios: need %d reserved 2M hugepages\n", + NR_BLOCKS); + } + + test_unaligned_slot(); + + ksft_print_msg("All ok!\n"); + return 0; +} base-commit: bae99073549aba7c3d79685a4640a46aa5c55340 -- 2.52.0