[PATCH v2 1/3] maple_tree: Fix rcu reader NULL dereference after the tree is emptied

["Liam R. Howlett (Google)" <liam@infradead.org>]

RCU readers may hit a NULL dereference if the tree is emptied while the
walker is restarted from a dead node.  Avoid the NULL dereference by
checking for an emptied/pointer tree (0->ptr, 1-ULONG_MAX -> NULL) and
set the maple state limits correctly.

A reader of /proc/<pid>/maps racing with an munmap() of the whole
address space can hit this.  The first implementation has the same
problem in both directions.

Initial fix was generated by LLM and sent by Chris Mason in private.

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: 54a611b60590 ("Maple Tree: add new data structure")
Reported-by: Chris Mason <mason@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett (Google) <liam@infradead.org>
---
 lib/maple_tree.c | 112 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/maple_tree.c b/lib/maple_tree.c
index 0b0036c9f8489..a36dc20af84c4 100644
--- a/lib/maple_tree.c
+++ b/lib/maple_tree.c
@@ -3891,14 +3891,56 @@ static __always_inline void mas_rewalk(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long index
 		goto retry;
 }
 
-static __always_inline bool mas_rewalk_if_dead(struct ma_state *mas,
-		struct maple_node *node, const unsigned long index)
+/*
+ * mas_next_no_node() - Finish a next walk that restarted into a tree without
+ * nodes.
+ * @mas: The inactive maple state (ma_none or ma_root)
+ *
+ * The arrival here is either because there is a root value or nothing.  Either
+ * way, the next entry is nothing.  So set the limits and overwrite the status.
+ *
+ * Return: NULL
+ */
+static inline void *mas_next_no_node(struct ma_state *mas)
 {
-	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node))) {
-		mas_rewalk(mas, index);
-		return true;
+	if (mas_is_ptr(mas))
+		mas->index = 1;
+	else
+		mas->index = 0;
+
+	mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+	mas->status = ma_none;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mas_prev_no_node() - Finish a prev walk that restarted into a tree without
+ * nodes.
+ * @mas: The inactive maple state (ma_none or ma_root)
+ * @index: The start of the range the walk left
+ * @min: The lowest index to return
+ *
+ * The arrival here is either because there is a root value or nothing.  With
+ * nothing, leave the limits mas_walk() sets for an empty tree.  A root value
+ * sits at 0: stop on it as mas_prev_setup() does, unless the walk was at 0.
+ *
+ * Return: The root entry if @index and @min allow it, NULL otherwise.  A node
+ * if the root changed again since the walk; the caller restarts.
+ */
+static inline void *mas_prev_no_node(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long index,
+		unsigned long min)
+{
+	mas->index = 0;
+	if (mas_is_none(mas)) {
+		mas->last = ULONG_MAX;
+		return NULL;
 	}
-	return false;
+
+	mas->last = 0;
+	if (!index || min)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return mas_root(mas);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4006,14 +4048,14 @@ static void *mas_prev_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min, bool empty)
 	node = mas_mn(mas);
 	type = mte_node_type(mas->node);
 	pivots = ma_pivots(node, type);
-	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
-		goto retry;
+	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
+		goto dead;
 
 	if (mas->min <= min) {
 		pivot = mas_safe_min(mas, pivots, mas->offset);
 
-		if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
-			goto retry;
+		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
+			goto dead;
 
 		if (pivot <= min)
 			goto underflow;
@@ -4028,10 +4070,8 @@ static void *mas_prev_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min, bool empty)
 		if (mas->index <= min)
 			goto underflow;
 
-		if (mas_prev_node(mas, min)) {
-			mas_rewalk(mas, save_point);
-			goto retry;
-		}
+		if (mas_prev_node(mas, min))
+			goto dead;
 
 		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(mas_is_underflow(mas)))
 			return NULL;
@@ -4045,8 +4085,8 @@ static void *mas_prev_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min, bool empty)
 
 	slots = ma_slots(node, type);
 	entry = mas_slot(mas, slots, mas->offset);
-	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
-		goto retry;
+	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
+		goto dead;
 
 	if (likely(entry))
 		return entry;
@@ -4063,6 +4103,17 @@ static void *mas_prev_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min, bool empty)
 underflow:
 	mas->status = ma_underflow;
 	return NULL;
+
+dead:
+	mas_rewalk(mas, save_point);
+	if (likely(mas_is_active(mas)))
+		goto retry;
+
+	entry = mas_prev_no_node(mas, save_point, min);
+	if (unlikely(xa_is_node(entry))) /* The root changed again */
+		goto dead;
+
+	return entry;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4176,8 +4227,8 @@ static void *mas_next_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max, bool empty)
 	node = mas_mn(mas);
 	type = mte_node_type(mas->node);
 	pivots = ma_pivots(node, type);
-	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
-		goto retry;
+	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
+		goto dead;
 
 	if (mas->max >= max) {
 		if (likely(mas->offset < mas->end))
@@ -4185,8 +4236,8 @@ static void *mas_next_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max, bool empty)
 		else
 			pivot = mas->max;
 
-		if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
-			goto retry;
+		if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
+			goto dead;
 
 		if (pivot >= max) { /* Was at the limit, next will extend beyond */
 			mas->status = ma_overflow;
@@ -4208,10 +4259,8 @@ static void *mas_next_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max, bool empty)
 			return NULL;
 		}
 
-		if (mas_next_node(mas, node, max)) {
-			mas_rewalk(mas, save_point);
-			goto retry;
-		}
+		if (mas_next_node(mas, node, max))
+			goto dead;
 
 		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(mas_is_overflow(mas)))
 			return NULL;
@@ -4226,8 +4275,8 @@ static void *mas_next_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max, bool empty)
 
 	slots = ma_slots(node, type);
 	entry = mt_slot(mas->tree, slots, mas->offset);
-	if (unlikely(mas_rewalk_if_dead(mas, node, save_point)))
-		goto retry;
+	if (unlikely(ma_dead_node(node)))
+		goto dead;
 
 	if (entry)
 		return entry;
@@ -4244,6 +4293,13 @@ static void *mas_next_slot(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max, bool empty)
 	}
 
 	return entry;
+
+dead:
+	mas_rewalk(mas, save_point);
+	if (likely(mas_is_active(mas)))
+		goto retry;
+
+	return mas_next_no_node(mas);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5450,7 +5506,9 @@ void *mas_find(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max)
 	/* Retries on dead nodes handled by mas_next_slot */
 	entry = mas_next_slot(mas, max, false);
 	/* Ignore overflow */
-	mas->status = ma_active;
+	if (mas_is_overflow(mas))
+		mas->status = ma_active;
+
 	return entry;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mas_find);
-- 
2.47.3