Hi, seems there is a race in drivers/net/usbnet.c in full RT mode. To be honest I haven't hardly checked this on the latest kernel and latest RT patch but just took a look at usbnet.c and latest RT patch and haven't observed any related changes. The usbnet_start_xmit() contains the following code: ... spin_lock_irqsave (&dev->txq.lock, flags); #ifdef CONFIG_USB_NET1080 if (info->flags & FLAG_FRAMING_NC) { header->packet_id = cpu_to_le16 ((u16)dev->dev_packet_id++); put_unaligned (header->packet_id, &trailer->packet_id); #if 0 devdbg (dev, "frame >tx h %d p %d id %d", header->hdr_len, header->packet_len, header->packet_id); #endif } #endif /* CONFIG_USB_NET1080 */ switch ((retval = usb_submit_urb (urb, GFP_ATOMIC))) { case -EPIPE: netif_stop_queue (net); defer_kevent (dev, EVENT_TX_HALT); break; default: devdbg (dev, "tx: submit urb err %d", retval); break; case 0: net->trans_start = jiffies; __skb_queue_tail (&dev->txq, skb); if (dev->txq.qlen >= TX_QLEN (dev)) netif_stop_queue (net); } spin_unlock_irqrestore (&dev->txq.lock, flags); ... THe race in full RT is between tx_complete() routine and __skb_queue_tail (&dev->txq, skb): skb->list gets initialized in __skb_queue_tail() but may be dereferenced before initialization at defer_bh() called from tx_complete() (since tx_complete() and usbnet_start_xmit() are completely asynchronous routines). in non-RT case spin_lock_irqsave (&dev->txq.lock, flags) disables interrupts and thus code from usb_submit_urb() call upto __skb_queue_tail (&dev->txq, skb) executes atomically. But in RT case interrupts are not disabled and usb_submit_urb() triggers an interrupt which may cause tx_complete() execution before __skb_queue_tail () call. And since skb->list gets initialized just at __skb_queue_tail(), call to tx_complete() (via defer_bh() which thus executes before __skb_queue_tail) dereferences NULL (skb->list) pointer. Thus looks tx_complete() and usbnet_start_xmit() require a serialization. Please find proposed fix attached though not sure the patch will apply cleanly to the latest kernel. Eugeny