From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from desiato.infradead.org (desiato.infradead.org [90.155.92.199]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 5FF1227EFEE; Thu, 5 Mar 2026 19:18:37 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=90.155.92.199 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1772738322; cv=none; b=G6MRb9KuVWbx1F3y/hVaVW9d14fEVD9A0b/kAWMchyrYN+qa7lbuJDQJZf+9u5W8ZR5UmtLHH1KvUCsTzSFgUXAuqYqCB1x8xLwi396tWS6w7FZGB+THi5yDqGwmjV6VQP+pBvDm2vTr5E6cmNoV2Y5620ZG/rrhAAsB6NW3vBY= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1772738322; c=relaxed/simple; bh=PdBAR4MGvQ5clNQcgo9d7iULqve3mqxtlCX4RiG45mQ=; h=Message-ID:Subject:From:To:Cc:Date:In-Reply-To:References: Content-Type:MIME-Version; b=ZXpYBNo+4WknfI81jZIhshCuAHS5ddjTvEIDIDNBjPUccRXgoIAVyF/ld2Kg+mIFdar0TZulUSz9HfR7p3gOdw4Sm9GM8DRpN337hWFYa+DjbhJUlDZ+G/K/QwQXM/llsJaYN0cY3NTNnA3FtEt+2dXHe2StALg6lZ1GgcjP1is= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=infradead.org; spf=none smtp.mailfrom=desiato.srs.infradead.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=infradead.org header.i=@infradead.org header.b=q+CdtHlg; arc=none smtp.client-ip=90.155.92.199 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=infradead.org Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=none smtp.mailfrom=desiato.srs.infradead.org Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=infradead.org header.i=@infradead.org header.b="q+CdtHlg" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=infradead.org; s=desiato.20200630; h=MIME-Version:Content-Type:References: In-Reply-To:Date:Cc:To:From:Subject:Message-ID:Sender:Reply-To: Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-ID:Content-Description; bh=LnHix+yY0XsmWThjHySb02jtAMeJdWH9rBBn7eMmUZE=; b=q+CdtHlgHoiqDnp2RrSWhdrnWa gdiy58LAetfg6FpVIc10bP2lc2WiUKiZU2lazTP/zGHFhhZ1gwLaF7/umVQ4Yt9qqPLOZllsr6dcb UwDDyIqwUH2iXyWqr0qLlX9sl7WSV8l8VDYhPjPrgZQbzeJojHWqCxRGEL5vnilYomnD6jDGYMaMA BQELWbZ++LJyUmrHWynznDGYDcVPkYRQZq+XA3jrkm1yykDVPPMxTOh7vNSHDfxoe3ItQKQYNDJRP lz6kDNLNZPvEtxyQjb1YozNZJWOiH6y2hqN9Q/PQ4es6WtbSL1RVjn0R0StKBanaziftUI6ZaHIfW SElOj6MQ==; Received: from [54.239.6.184] (helo=freeip.amazon.com) by desiato.infradead.org with esmtpsa (Exim 4.98.2 #2 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1vyEDP-00000007WZL-2SeU; Thu, 05 Mar 2026 19:18:31 +0000 Message-ID: <4746a98c3390aab3d5f561dbcd0ce9d14266f003.camel@infradead.org> Subject: Re: [PATCH] KVM: x86: Fix C++ user API for structures with variable length arrays From: David Woodhouse To: Sean Christopherson Cc: "Gustavo A. R. Silva" , keescook@chromium.org, daniel@iogearbox.net, gustavoars@kernel.org, jgg@ziepe.ca, kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Paolo Bonzini , Thomas Gleixner , Ingo Molnar , Borislav Petkov , Dave Hansen , x86@kernel.org, "H. Peter Anvin" Date: Thu, 05 Mar 2026 20:18:30 +0100 In-Reply-To: References: <97d40dd0e6abaf28f43d4d8ccf9c547a16c52e33.camel@infradead.org> Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg="sha-256"; protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"; boundary="=-vN7fseNddNbjSRw/6g3j" User-Agent: Evolution 3.52.3-0ubuntu1.1 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-SRS-Rewrite: SMTP reverse-path rewritten from by desiato.infradead.org. See http://www.infradead.org/rpr.html --=-vN7fseNddNbjSRw/6g3j Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Thu, 2026-03-05 at 10:36 -0800, Sean Christopherson wrote: > On Thu, Feb 26, 2026, David Woodhouse wrote: > > From: David Woodhouse > >=20 > > Commit 94dfc73e7cf4 ("treewide: uapi: Replace zero-length arrays with > > flexible-array members") broke the userspace API for C++. Not just in > > the sense of 'userspace needs to be updated, but UAPI is supposed to be > > stable", but broken in the sense that I can't actually see *how* the > > structures can be used from C++ in the same way that they were usable > > before. > >=20 > > These structures ending in VLAs are typically a *header*, which can be > > followed by an arbitrary number of entries. Userspace typically creates > > a larger structure with some non-zero number of entries, for example in > > QEMU's kvm_arch_get_supported_msr_feature(): > >=20 > > =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 struct { > > =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 struct kvm_msrs info; > > =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 struct kvm_msr_entry entries= [1]; > > =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 } msr_data =3D {}; > >=20 > > While that works in C, it fails in C++ with an error like: > > =C2=A0flexible array member =E2=80=98kvm_msrs::entries=E2=80=99 not at = end of =E2=80=98struct msr_data=E2=80=99 > >=20 > > Fix this by using __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY() for the VLA, which is a helper > > provided by that already uses [0] for C++ compilation. > >=20 > > Also put the header fields into a struct_group() to provide (in C) a > > separate struct (e.g 'struct kvm_msrs_hdr') without the trailing VLA. >=20 > Unless I'm missing something, this is an entirely optional change that ne= eds to > be done separately, especialy since I want to tag this for: >=20 > =C2=A0 Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org >=20 > I definitely don't hate the __struct_group definitions, but I don't know = that I > love them either as they make the code a bit harder to read, and more imp= ortantly > there's a non-zero chance that defining the new structurs could break use= rspace > builds and force an update, e.g. if userspace already concocts its own he= ader > overlay, which would be very unpleasant for a stable@ patch. >=20 > If we do define headers, I think I'd want a wrapper around __struct_group= () to > prettify the common case and force consistent naming, e.g. >=20 > #define kvm_struct_header(NAME, MEMBERS...) \ > __struct_group(NAME ##_header, h, /* no attrs */, MEMBERS) >=20 > struct kvm_msrs { > kvm_struct_header(kvm_msrs, > __u32 nmsrs; /* number of msrs in entries */ > __u32 pad; > ); >=20 > __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(struct kvm_msr_entry, entries); > }; >=20 > But that's likely going to lead to some amount of bikeshedding, e.g. argu= ably > kvm_header() would be sufficient and easier on the eyes.=C2=A0 Which is a= ll the more > reason to handle it separately. >=20 > > Fixes: 94dfc73e7cf4 ("treewide: uapi: Replace zero-length arrays with f= lexible-array members") > > Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse > > --- > > =C2=A0arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h | 29 ++++++++++++++++++----------= - > > =C2=A0include/uapi/linux/kvm.h=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2= =A0 |=C2=A0 9 ++++++--- > > =C2=A0/* for KVM_GET_PIT and KVM_SET_PIT */ > > @@ -397,8 +402,10 @@ struct kvm_xsave { > > =C2=A0 * The offsets of the state save areas in struct kvm_xsave follo= w > > =C2=A0 * the contents of CPUID leaf 0xD on the host. > > =C2=A0 */ > > - __u32 region[1024]; > > - __u32 extra[]; > > + __struct_group(kvm_xsave_hdr, hdr, /* no attrs */, > > + __u32 region[1024]; > > + ); >=20 > This is *very* misleading, as XSTATE itself has a header, but this is som= ething > else entirely (just the always-allocated region). >=20 > > + __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(__u32, extra); > > =C2=A0}; >=20 > There are several structs that got missed: >=20 > =C2=A0 kvm_pmu_event_filter > =C2=A0 kvm_reg_list > =C2=A0 kvm_signal_mask > =C2=A0 kvm_coalesced_mmio_ring > =C2=A0 kvm_cpuid > =C2=A0 kvm_stats_desc Ack. 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