[PATCH v2 42/49] perf python: Port export-to-sqlite to perf module

[Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>]

Port export-to-sqlite.py to a standalone script in tools/perf/python/
using the perf module and Python's standard library sqlite3 module.

Improvements compared to the legacy script:
- Remove the dependency on PySide/QtSql by using Python's built-in
  sqlite3 module in DatabaseExporter, allowing SQLite export on headless
  and minimal systems without Qt installed.
- Support Intel PT and hardware instruction trace export via
  perf.session(itrace=...) and perf.call_return callbacks, reconstructing
  relational call_paths and calls tables and decoding synthesized PT
  payloads (ptwrite, cbr, mwait, pwre, exstop, pwrx).
- Export context_switches via perf.session's context_switch callback
  and map thread and comm IDs to their relational database keys.
- Manage temporary staging files inside an isolated tempfile.mkdtemp()
  directory with guaranteed cleanup in a finally block.

Update Documentation/db-export.txt and add a shell test
(test_export_to_sqlite_python.sh) to verify the standalone exporter.

Assisted-by: Antigravity:gemini-3.1-pro
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
---
 tools/perf/Documentation/db-export.txt        |   2 +-
 tools/perf/python/export-to-sqlite.py         | 937 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../shell/test_export_to_sqlite_python.sh     | 108 ++
 3 files changed, 1046 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100755 tools/perf/python/export-to-sqlite.py
 create mode 100755 tools/perf/tests/shell/test_export_to_sqlite_python.sh

diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/db-export.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/db-export.txt
index 52ffccb02d55..b43f12b96973 100644
--- a/tools/perf/Documentation/db-export.txt
+++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/db-export.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ perf tool's python scripting engine:
 
 supports scripts:
 
-	tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py
+	tools/perf/python/export-to-sqlite.py
 	tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-postgresql.py
 
 which export data to a SQLite3 or PostgreSQL database.
diff --git a/tools/perf/python/export-to-sqlite.py b/tools/perf/python/export-to-sqlite.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..9f9f10458f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/perf/python/export-to-sqlite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+"""
+Export perf data to a sqlite3 database.
+
+This script has been ported to use the modern perf Python module and the
+standard library sqlite3 module. It no longer requires PySide2 or QtSql
+for exporting.
+
+Examples of using this script with Intel PT:
+
+	$ perf record -e intel_pt//u ls
+	$ python export-to-sqlite.py -i perf.data -o pt_example
+
+To browse the database, sqlite3 can be used e.g.
+
+	$ sqlite3 pt_example
+	sqlite> .header on
+	sqlite> select * from samples_view where id < 10;
+	sqlite> .mode column
+	sqlite> select * from samples_view where id < 10;
+	sqlite> .tables
+	sqlite> .schema samples_view
+	sqlite> .quit
+
+An example of using the database is provided by the script
+exported-sql-viewer.py. Refer to that script for details.
+
+Ported from tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+import typing
+import argparse
+import os
+import shutil
+import sqlite3
+import struct
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from typing import Dict, Optional
+import perf
+
+
+PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH = 1 << 0
+PERF_IP_FLAG_CALL = 1 << 1
+PERF_IP_FLAG_RETURN = 1 << 2
+PERF_IP_FLAG_CONDITIONAL = 1 << 3
+PERF_IP_FLAG_SYSCALLRET = 1 << 4
+PERF_IP_FLAG_ASYNC = 1 << 5
+PERF_IP_FLAG_INTERRUPT = 1 << 6
+PERF_IP_FLAG_TX_ABORT = 1 << 7
+PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_BEGIN = 1 << 8
+PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_END = 1 << 9
+PERF_IP_FLAG_IN_TX = 1 << 10
+PERF_IP_FLAG_VMENTRY = 1 << 11
+PERF_IP_FLAG_VMEXIT = 1 << 12
+
+BRANCH_TYPES = [
+    (0, "no branch"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_CALL, "call"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_RETURN, "return"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_CONDITIONAL, "conditional jump"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH, "unconditional jump"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_CALL | PERF_IP_FLAG_INTERRUPT, "software interrupt"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_RETURN | PERF_IP_FLAG_INTERRUPT, "return from interrupt"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_CALL | PERF_IP_FLAG_SYSCALLRET, "system call"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_RETURN | PERF_IP_FLAG_SYSCALLRET,
+     "return from system call"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_ASYNC, "asynchronous branch"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_CALL | PERF_IP_FLAG_ASYNC | PERF_IP_FLAG_INTERRUPT,
+     "hardware interrupt"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_TX_ABORT, "transaction abort"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_BEGIN, "trace begin"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_END, "trace end"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_CALL | PERF_IP_FLAG_VMENTRY, "vm entry"),
+    (PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH | PERF_IP_FLAG_CALL | PERF_IP_FLAG_VMEXIT, "vm exit"),
+]
+for _b_type, _b_name in list(BRANCH_TYPES):
+    if (_b_type == PERF_IP_FLAG_BRANCH or
+            (_b_type & (PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_BEGIN | PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_END))):
+        continue
+    BRANCH_TYPES.append((_b_type | PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_BEGIN, f"trace begin / {_b_name}"))
+    BRANCH_TYPES.append((_b_type | PERF_IP_FLAG_TRACE_END, f"{_b_name} / trace end"))
+
+
+class DatabaseExporter:
+    """Handles database connection and exporting of perf events."""
+
+    def __init__(self, db_path: str):
+        self.con = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
+        self.con.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")
+        self.session: Optional[perf.session] = None
+        self.sample_count = 0
+
+        # Caches and counters grouped to reduce instance attributes
+        self.caches: Dict[str, dict] = {
+            'machines': {},
+            'threads': {},
+            'comms': {},
+            'dsos': {},
+            'symbols': {},
+            'events': {},
+            'branch_types': {},
+            'call_paths': {}
+        }
+
+        self.next_id = {
+            'machine': 1,
+            'thread': 1,
+            'comm': 1,
+            'dso': 1,
+            'symbol': 1,
+            'event': 1,
+            'branch_type': 1,
+            'call_path': 1
+        }
+
+        self.create_tables()
+
+    def create_tables(self) -> None:
+        """Create database tables."""
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS selected_events (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    name    VARCHAR(80))
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS machines (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    pid     INTEGER,
+                    root_dir VARCHAR(4096))
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS threads (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    machine_id BIGINT,
+                    process_id BIGINT,
+                    pid     INTEGER,
+                    tid     INTEGER)
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS comms (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    comm    VARCHAR(16),
+                    c_thread_id BIGINT,
+                    c_time  BIGINT,
+                    exec_flag BOOLEAN)
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS comm_threads (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    comm_id BIGINT,
+                    thread_id BIGINT)
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dsos (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    machine_id BIGINT,
+                    short_name VARCHAR(256),
+                    long_name VARCHAR(4096),
+                    build_id VARCHAR(64))
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS symbols (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    dso_id  BIGINT,
+                    sym_start BIGINT,
+                    sym_end BIGINT,
+                    binding INTEGER,
+                    name    VARCHAR(2048))
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS branch_types (
+                    id      INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    name    VARCHAR(80))
+        """)
+        self.con.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS samples (
+                    id              INTEGER         NOT NULL        PRIMARY KEY,
+                    evsel_id        BIGINT,
+                    machine_id      BIGINT,
+                    thread_id       BIGINT,
+                    comm_id         BIGINT,
+                    dso_id          BIGINT,
+                    symbol_id       BIGINT,
+                    sym_offset      BIGINT,
+                    ip              BIGINT,
+                    time            BIGINT,
+                    cpu             INTEGER,
+                    to_dso_id       BIGINT,
+                    to_symbol_id    BIGINT,
+                    to_sym_offset   BIGINT,
+                    to_ip           BIGINT,
+                    period          BIGINT,
+                    weight          BIGINT,
+                    transaction_    BIGINT,
+                    data_src        BIGINT,
+                    branch_type     INTEGER,
+                    in_tx           BOOLEAN,
+                    call_path_id    BIGINT,
+                    insn_count      BIGINT,
+                    cyc_count       BIGINT,
+                    flags           INTEGER)
+        """)
+        self.con.execute('''
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS calls (
+                id          INTEGER     NOT NULL    PRIMARY KEY,
+                thread_id   BIGINT,
+                comm_id     BIGINT,
+                call_path_id BIGINT,
+                call_time   BIGINT,
+                return_time BIGINT,
+                branch_count BIGINT,
+                call_id     BIGINT,
+                return_id   BIGINT,
+                parent_call_path_id BIGINT,
+                flags       INTEGER,
+                parent_id   BIGINT,
+                insn_count  BIGINT,
+                cyc_count   BIGINT
+            )
+        ''')
+        self.con.execute('''
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS call_paths (
+                id          INTEGER     NOT NULL    PRIMARY KEY,
+                parent_id   BIGINT,
+                symbol_id   BIGINT,
+                ip          BIGINT
+            )
+        ''')
+
+        self.con.execute('''
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cbr (
+                id integer primary key,
+                cbr integer,
+                mhz integer,
+                percent integer
+            )
+        ''')
+        self.con.execute('''
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mwait (
+                id integer primary key,
+                hints integer,
+                extensions integer
+            )
+        ''')
+
+
+
+        self.con.execute('''
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS context_switches (
+                id integer primary key,
+                machine_id bigint,
+                time bigint,
+                cpu integer,
+                thread_out_id bigint,
+                comm_out_id bigint,
+                thread_in_id bigint,
+                comm_in_id bigint,
+                flags integer
+            )
+        ''')
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ptwrite ("
+            "id integer primary key, payload integer, exact_ip integer"
+            ")"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pwre ("
+            "id integer primary key, hw integer, cstate integer, subcstate integer, "
+            "hw_name text, cstate_name text"
+            ")"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS exstop ("
+            "id integer primary key, exact_ip integer"
+            ")"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pwrx ("
+            "id integer primary key, deepest_cstate integer, last_cstate integer, "
+            "wake_reason integer"
+            ")"
+        )
+
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS machines_view AS "
+            "SELECT id, pid, root_dir, "
+            "CASE WHEN id=0 THEN 'unknown' WHEN pid=-1 THEN 'host' ELSE 'guest' END "
+            "AS host_or_guest FROM machines"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS dsos_view AS "
+            "SELECT id, machine_id, "
+            "(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest, "
+            "short_name, long_name, build_id FROM dsos"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS symbols_view AS "
+            "SELECT id, name, (SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id=dso_id) AS dso, "
+            "dso_id, sym_start, sym_end, "
+            "CASE WHEN binding=0 THEN 'local' WHEN binding=1 THEN 'global' ELSE 'weak' END "
+            "AS binding FROM symbols"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS threads_view AS "
+            "SELECT id, machine_id, "
+            "(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest, "
+            "process_id, pid, tid FROM threads"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS comm_threads_view AS "
+            "SELECT comm_id, (SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command, "
+            "thread_id, (SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid, "
+            "(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid FROM comm_threads"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS call_paths_view AS "
+            "SELECT c.id, printf('%x', c.ip) AS ip, c.symbol_id, "
+            "(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS symbol, "
+            "(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_id, "
+            "(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_short_name, "
+            "c.parent_id, printf('%x', p.ip) AS parent_ip, p.symbol_id AS parent_symbol_id, "
+            "(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_symbol, "
+            "(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_id, "
+            "(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_short_name "
+            "FROM call_paths c LEFT JOIN call_paths p ON p.id = c.parent_id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS calls_view AS "
+            "SELECT calls.id, thread_id, "
+            "(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid, "
+            "(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid, "
+            "(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command, "
+            "call_path_id, printf('%x', ip) AS ip, symbol_id, "
+            "(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol, "
+            "call_time, return_time, return_time - call_time AS elapsed_time, "
+            "branch_count, insn_count, cyc_count, "
+            "CASE WHEN cyc_count=0 THEN CAST(0 AS FLOAT) "
+            "ELSE CAST(insn_count AS FLOAT) / cyc_count END AS IPC, "
+            "call_id, return_id, "
+            "CASE WHEN flags=0 THEN '' WHEN flags=1 THEN 'no call' "
+            "WHEN flags=2 THEN 'no return' WHEN flags=3 THEN 'no call/return' "
+            "WHEN flags=6 THEN 'jmp' ELSE flags END AS flags, "
+            "parent_call_path_id, calls.parent_id "
+            "FROM calls INNER JOIN call_paths ON call_paths.id = call_path_id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS samples_view AS "
+            "SELECT id, time, cpu, "
+            "(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid, "
+            "(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid, "
+            "(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command, "
+            "(SELECT name FROM selected_events WHERE id = evsel_id) AS event, "
+            "printf('%x', ip) AS ip_hex, "
+            "(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol, sym_offset, "
+            "(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = dso_id) AS dso_short_name, "
+            "printf('%x', to_ip) AS to_ip_hex, "
+            "(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = to_symbol_id) AS to_symbol, to_sym_offset, "
+            "(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = to_dso_id) AS to_dso_short_name, "
+            "(SELECT name FROM branch_types WHERE id = branch_type) AS branch_type_name, "
+            "in_tx, call_path_id, insn_count, cyc_count, "
+            "CASE WHEN cyc_count=0 THEN CAST(0 AS FLOAT) "
+            "ELSE CAST(insn_count AS FLOAT) / cyc_count END AS IPC, flags FROM samples"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS ptwrite_view AS "
+            "SELECT ptwrite.id, time, cpu, printf('%x', payload) AS payload_hex, "
+            "CASE WHEN exact_ip=0 THEN 'False' ELSE 'True' END AS exact_ip "
+            "FROM ptwrite INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = ptwrite.id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS cbr_view AS "
+            "SELECT cbr.id, time, cpu, cbr, mhz, percent "
+            "FROM cbr INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = cbr.id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS mwait_view AS "
+            "SELECT mwait.id, time, cpu, printf('%x', hints) AS hints_hex, "
+            "printf('%x', extensions) AS extensions_hex "
+            "FROM mwait INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = mwait.id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS pwre_view AS "
+            "SELECT pwre.id, time, cpu, cstate, subcstate, "
+            "CASE WHEN hw=0 THEN 'False' ELSE 'True' END AS hw "
+            "FROM pwre INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = pwre.id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS exstop_view AS "
+            "SELECT exstop.id, time, cpu, "
+            "CASE WHEN exact_ip=0 THEN 'False' ELSE 'True' END AS exact_ip "
+            "FROM exstop INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = exstop.id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS pwrx_view AS "
+            "SELECT pwrx.id, time, cpu, deepest_cstate, last_cstate, "
+            "CASE WHEN wake_reason=1 THEN 'Interrupt' "
+            "WHEN wake_reason=2 THEN 'Timer Deadline' "
+            "WHEN wake_reason=4 THEN 'Monitored Address' "
+            "WHEN wake_reason=8 THEN 'HW' WHEN wake_reason=16 THEN 'Other' "
+            "ELSE wake_reason END AS wake_reason "
+            "FROM pwrx INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = pwrx.id"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS power_events_view AS "
+            "SELECT samples.id, time, cpu, selected_events.name AS event, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='cbr' THEN "
+            "(SELECT cbr FROM cbr WHERE cbr.id = samples.id) ELSE \"\" END AS cbr, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='cbr' THEN "
+            "(SELECT mhz FROM cbr WHERE cbr.id = samples.id) ELSE \"\" END AS mhz, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='cbr' THEN "
+            "(SELECT percent FROM cbr WHERE cbr.id = samples.id) ELSE \"\" END AS percent, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='mwait' THEN "
+            "(SELECT printf('%x', hints) FROM mwait WHERE mwait.id = samples.id) "
+            "ELSE \"\" END AS hints_hex, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='mwait' THEN "
+            "(SELECT printf('%x', extensions) FROM mwait WHERE mwait.id = samples.id) "
+            "ELSE \"\" END AS extensions_hex, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='pwre' THEN "
+            "(SELECT cstate FROM pwre WHERE pwre.id = samples.id) ELSE \"\" END AS cstate, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='pwre' THEN "
+            "(SELECT subcstate FROM pwre WHERE pwre.id = samples.id) ELSE \"\" END AS subcstate, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='pwre' THEN "
+            "(SELECT hw FROM pwre WHERE pwre.id = samples.id) ELSE \"\" END AS hw, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='exstop' THEN "
+            "(SELECT exact_ip FROM exstop WHERE exstop.id = samples.id) "
+            "ELSE \"\" END AS exact_ip, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='pwrx' THEN "
+            "(SELECT deepest_cstate FROM pwrx WHERE pwrx.id = samples.id) "
+            "ELSE \"\" END AS deepest_cstate, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='pwrx' THEN "
+            "(SELECT last_cstate FROM pwrx WHERE pwrx.id = samples.id) "
+            "ELSE \"\" END AS last_cstate, "
+            "CASE WHEN selected_events.name='pwrx' THEN "
+            "(SELECT wake_reason FROM pwrx WHERE pwrx.id = samples.id) "
+            "ELSE \"\" END AS wake_reason "
+            "FROM samples INNER JOIN selected_events ON selected_events.id = evsel_id "
+            "WHERE selected_events.name IN ('cbr','mwait','pwre','exstop','pwrx')"
+        )
+        self.con.execute(
+            "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS context_switches_view AS "
+            "SELECT context_switches.id, context_switches.machine_id, "
+            "context_switches.time, context_switches.cpu, "
+            "th_out.pid AS pid_out, th_out.tid AS tid_out, comm_out.comm AS comm_out, "
+            "th_in.pid AS pid_in, th_in.tid AS tid_in, comm_in.comm AS comm_in, "
+            "CASE WHEN flags=0 THEN 'in' WHEN flags=1 THEN 'out' "
+            "WHEN flags=3 THEN 'out preempt' ELSE flags END AS flags "
+            "FROM context_switches "
+            "INNER JOIN threads AS th_out ON th_out.id = context_switches.thread_out_id "
+            "INNER JOIN threads AS th_in  ON th_in.id  = context_switches.thread_in_id "
+            "INNER JOIN comms AS comm_out ON comm_out.id = context_switches.comm_out_id "
+            "INNER JOIN comms AS comm_in  ON comm_in.id  = context_switches.comm_in_id"
+        )
+
+        # id == 0 means unknown. It is easier to create records for them than
+        # replace the zeroes with NULLs
+        self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO selected_events VALUES (0, 'unknown')")
+        self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO machines VALUES (0, 0, 'unknown')")
+        self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO threads VALUES (0, 0, 0, -1, -1)")
+        self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO comms VALUES (0, 'unknown', 0, 0, 0)")
+        self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO dsos VALUES (0, 0, 'unknown', 'unknown', '')")
+        self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO call_paths VALUES (0, 0, 0, 0)")
+        self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO symbols VALUES (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 'unknown')")
+        for b_type, b_name in BRANCH_TYPES:
+            self.con.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO branch_types VALUES (?, ?)", (b_type, b_name))
+            self.caches['branch_types'][b_type] = b_name
+
+        self.caches['events']['unknown'] = 0
+        self.caches['threads'][(0, -1, -1)] = 0
+        self.caches['threads'][(0, 0, 0)] = 0
+        self.caches['comms'][('unknown', 0)] = 0
+        self.caches['dsos'][(0, 'unknown', 'unknown', '')] = 0
+        self.caches['symbols'][(0, 'unknown', 0, 0)] = 0
+        # Initialize comm_threads mapping
+        self.comm_threads_cache: set[tuple[int, int]] = set()
+        self.next_comm_thread_id = 1
+
+    def _exec(self, sql: str, params: tuple[typing.Any, ...] = ()) -> sqlite3.Cursor:
+        """Execute SQL statement converting unsigned 64-bit ints to signed 64-bit."""
+        conv_params = tuple(
+            p - 0x10000000000000000 if isinstance(p, int) and p >= 0x8000000000000000 else p
+            for p in params
+        )
+        return self.con.execute(sql, conv_params)
+
+    def get_machine_id(self, machine_pid: Optional[int]) -> int:
+        """Get or create machine ID."""
+        if machine_pid is None or machine_pid <= 0 or machine_pid > 0x7fffffff:
+            machine_pid = -1
+        if machine_pid in self.caches['machines']:
+            return self.caches['machines'][machine_pid]
+        machine_id = self.next_id['machine']
+        self.next_id['machine'] += 1
+        self._exec("INSERT INTO machines VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+                   (machine_id, machine_pid, ""))
+        self.caches['machines'][machine_pid] = machine_id
+        return machine_id
+
+    def get_event_id(self, name: str) -> int:
+        """Get or create event ID."""
+        if name in self.caches['events']:
+            return self.caches['events'][name]
+        event_id = self.next_id['event']
+        self._exec("INSERT INTO selected_events VALUES (?, ?)",
+                   (event_id, name))
+        self.caches['events'][name] = event_id
+        self.next_id['event'] += 1
+        return event_id
+
+    def get_thread_id(self, machine_id: int, pid: Optional[int], tid: Optional[int]) -> int:
+        """Get or create thread ID."""
+        if pid is None:
+            pid = -1
+        elif pid > 0x7fffffff:
+            pid -= 0x100000000
+        if tid is None:
+            tid = -1
+        elif tid > 0x7fffffff:
+            tid -= 0x100000000
+        key = (machine_id, pid, tid)
+        if key in self.caches['threads']:
+            return self.caches['threads'][key]
+        thread_id = self.next_id['thread']
+        self.next_id['thread'] += 1
+        self.caches['threads'][key] = thread_id
+        process_id = thread_id if pid == tid else self.get_thread_id(machine_id, pid, pid)
+        self._exec("INSERT INTO threads VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                   (thread_id, machine_id, process_id, pid, tid))
+        return thread_id
+
+    def get_comm_id(self, comm: str, thread_id: int) -> int:
+        """Get or create comm ID."""
+        key = (comm, thread_id)
+        if key not in self.caches['comms']:
+            comm_id = self.next_id['comm']
+            self._exec("INSERT INTO comms VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                       (comm_id, comm, thread_id, 0, 0))
+            self.caches['comms'][key] = comm_id
+            self.next_id['comm'] += 1
+        comm_id = self.caches['comms'][key]
+        mapping_key = (comm_id, thread_id)
+        if mapping_key not in self.comm_threads_cache:
+            comm_thread_id = self.next_comm_thread_id
+            self._exec("INSERT INTO comm_threads VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+                       (comm_thread_id, comm_id, thread_id))
+            self.comm_threads_cache.add(mapping_key)
+            self.next_comm_thread_id += 1
+        return comm_id
+
+    def get_dso_id(self, short_name: str, long_name: str,
+                   build_id: str, machine_id: int = 0) -> int:
+        """Get or create DSO ID."""
+        key = (machine_id, short_name, long_name, build_id)
+        if key in self.caches['dsos']:
+            return self.caches['dsos'][key]
+        short_key = (machine_id, short_name)
+        if not build_id and short_key in self.caches['dsos']:
+            return self.caches['dsos'][short_key]
+        dso_id = self.next_id['dso']
+        self._exec("INSERT INTO dsos VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                   (dso_id, machine_id, short_name, long_name, build_id))
+        self.caches['dsos'][key] = dso_id
+        self.caches['dsos'][short_key] = dso_id
+        self.next_id['dso'] += 1
+        return dso_id
+
+    def get_symbol_id(self, dso_id: int, name: str, start: int,
+                      end: int) -> int:
+        """Get or create symbol ID."""
+        key = (dso_id, name, start, end)
+        if key in self.caches['symbols']:
+            return self.caches['symbols'][key]
+        short_key = (dso_id, name)
+        if start == 0 and end == 0 and short_key in self.caches['symbols']:
+            return self.caches['symbols'][short_key]
+        symbol_id = self.next_id['symbol']
+        self._exec("INSERT INTO symbols VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                   (symbol_id, dso_id, start, end, 0, name))
+        self.caches['symbols'][key] = symbol_id
+        self.caches['symbols'][short_key] = symbol_id
+        self.next_id['symbol'] += 1
+        return symbol_id
+
+    def get_call_path_id(self, parent_id: int, symbol_id: int,
+                         ip: int) -> int:
+        """Get or create call path ID."""
+        key = (parent_id, symbol_id, ip)
+        if key in self.caches['call_paths']:
+            return self.caches['call_paths'][key]
+        call_path_id = self.next_id['call_path']
+        self._exec("INSERT INTO call_paths VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                   (call_path_id, parent_id, symbol_id, ip))
+        self.caches['call_paths'][key] = call_path_id
+        self.next_id['call_path'] += 1
+        return call_path_id
+
+    def process_event(self, sample: perf.sample_event) -> None:
+        """Callback for processing events."""
+
+        machine_pid = getattr(sample, 'machine_pid', 0)
+        machine_id = self.get_machine_id(machine_pid)
+        thread_id = self.get_thread_id(machine_id, sample.sample_pid, sample.sample_tid)
+
+        comm = "Unknown_comm"
+        try:
+            if self.session is not None:
+                proc = self.session.find_thread(sample.sample_pid, sample.sample_tid)
+                if proc:
+                    comm_name = proc.comm()
+                    if comm_name:
+                        comm = comm_name
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        comm_id = self.get_comm_id(comm, thread_id)
+
+        dso_bid = (sample.dso_bid.decode('utf-8')
+                   if isinstance(sample.dso_bid, bytes) else str(sample.dso_bid or ""))
+        dso_id = self.get_dso_id(
+            sample.dso or "Unknown_dso",
+            sample.dso_long_name or "Unknown_dso_long",
+            dso_bid,
+            machine_id
+        )
+
+        symbol_id = self.get_symbol_id(
+            dso_id,
+            sample.symbol or "Unknown_symbol",
+            sample.sym_start or 0,
+            sample.sym_end or 0
+        )
+
+        # Handle callchain
+        call_path_id = 0
+        if hasattr(sample, 'callchain') and sample.callchain:
+            parent_id = 0
+            for node in reversed(sample.callchain):
+                dso_name = node.dso or "Unknown_dso"
+                symbol_name = node.symbol or "Unknown_symbol"
+
+                node_dso_id = self.get_dso_id(dso_name, dso_name, "", machine_id)
+                node_symbol_id = self.get_symbol_id(node_dso_id, symbol_name, 0, 0)
+
+                parent_id = self.get_call_path_id(parent_id, node_symbol_id, node.ip)
+            call_path_id = parent_id
+        else:
+            call_path_id = 0
+
+        # Insert sample
+        event_name_str = str(sample.evsel)
+        if event_name_str.startswith("evsel(") and event_name_str.endswith(")"):
+            event_name_str = event_name_str[6:-1]
+        cursor = self._exec("""
+            INSERT INTO samples VALUES (
+                NULL, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?
+            )
+        """, (
+            self.get_event_id(event_name_str),
+            machine_id, thread_id, comm_id,
+            dso_id, symbol_id,
+            (getattr(sample, 'sym_offset') if getattr(sample, 'sym_offset', None) is not None
+             else (sample.sample_ip - (getattr(sample, 'sym_start', None) or 0))),
+            sample.sample_ip, sample.sample_time, sample.sample_cpu,
+            self.get_dso_id(sample.addr_dso or "Unknown_dso",
+                            sample.addr_dso or "Unknown_dso_long", "", machine_id),
+            self.get_symbol_id(
+                self.get_dso_id(sample.addr_dso or "Unknown_dso",
+                                sample.addr_dso or "Unknown_dso_long", "", machine_id),
+                sample.addr_symbol or "Unknown_symbol", 0, 0
+            ),
+            sample.addr_sym_offset or 0,
+            sample.sample_addr or 0,
+            sample.sample_period or 0,
+            sample.sample_weight or 0,
+            sample.transaction or 0,
+            sample.sample_data_src,
+            sample.branch_type or 0,
+            sample.in_tx or 0,
+            call_path_id,
+            sample.sample_insn_count,
+            sample.sample_cyc_count,
+            getattr(sample, "flags", 0)  # flags
+        ))
+        sample_id = cursor.lastrowid
+
+
+
+        # Handle Intel PT specific raw payloads mathematically equivalent to
+        # legacy synth_data unpacking
+
+        if event_name_str == "ptwrite" and hasattr(sample, "raw_buf"):
+            try:
+                flags, payload = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", sample.raw_buf)
+                self._exec("INSERT INTO ptwrite VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+                           (sample_id, payload, flags & 1))
+            except struct.error:
+                pass
+
+        elif event_name_str == "cbr" and hasattr(sample, "raw_buf"):
+            try:
+                data = struct.unpack_from("<BBBBII", sample.raw_buf)
+                cbr_val, freq, max_freq = data[0], data[2], data[4]
+                MHz = (max_freq + 500) // 1000
+                percent = ((cbr_val * 1000 // freq) + 5) // 10 if freq else 0
+                self._exec("INSERT INTO cbr VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                           (sample_id, cbr_val, MHz, percent))
+            except struct.error:
+                pass
+
+        elif event_name_str == "mwait" and hasattr(sample, "raw_buf"):
+            try:
+                flags, payload = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", sample.raw_buf)
+                hints = payload & 0xff
+                extensions = (payload >> 32) & 0x3
+                self._exec("INSERT INTO mwait VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+                           (sample_id, hints, extensions))
+            except struct.error:
+                pass
+
+        elif event_name_str == "pwre" and hasattr(sample, "raw_buf"):
+            try:
+                flags, payload = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", sample.raw_buf)
+                hw = (payload >> 7) & 1
+                cstate = (payload >> 12) & 0xf
+                subcstate = (payload >> 8) & 0xf
+                self._exec("INSERT INTO pwre (id, cstate, subcstate, hw) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                           (sample_id, cstate, subcstate, hw))
+            except struct.error:
+                pass
+
+        elif event_name_str == "exstop" and hasattr(sample, "raw_buf"):
+            try:
+                flags = struct.unpack_from("<I", sample.raw_buf)[0]
+                self._exec("INSERT INTO exstop VALUES (?, ?)",
+                           (sample_id, flags & 1))
+            except struct.error:
+                pass
+
+        elif event_name_str == "pwrx" and hasattr(sample, "raw_buf"):
+            try:
+                flags, payload = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", sample.raw_buf)
+                deepest_cstate = payload & 0xf
+                last_cstate = (payload >> 4) & 0xf
+                wake_reason = (payload >> 8) & 0xf
+                self._exec("INSERT INTO pwrx VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                           (sample_id, deepest_cstate, last_cstate, wake_reason))
+            except struct.error:
+                pass
+
+        self.sample_count += 1
+        if self.sample_count % 10000 == 0:
+            self.commit()
+
+
+
+    def get_call_path_ids(self, call_path: typing.Any, machine_id: int = 0) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        """Add a perf.callchain as call_paths rows, return its id and parent's."""
+        parent_id = 0
+        call_path_id = 0
+        for node in call_path:
+            dso_name = node.dso or "Unknown_dso"
+            symbol_name = node.symbol or "Unknown_symbol"
+            dso_id = self.get_dso_id(dso_name, dso_name, "", machine_id)
+            symbol_id = self.get_symbol_id(dso_id, symbol_name, 0, 0)
+            parent_id = call_path_id
+            call_path_id = self.get_call_path_id(parent_id, symbol_id, node.ip)
+        return call_path_id, parent_id
+
+    def process_call_return(self, cr: perf.call_return) -> None:
+        """Callback for processing call_return events."""
+        machine_id = self.get_machine_id(getattr(cr, "machine_pid", None))
+        thread_id = self.get_thread_id(machine_id, cr.pid, cr.tid)
+        comm_id = self.get_comm_id(cr.comm or "Unknown_comm", thread_id)
+        call_path_id, parent_call_path_id = self.get_call_path_ids(cr.call_path or [], machine_id)
+        # calls.id and calls.parent_id use the db_id of the perf module, as a
+        # call is given an id before it returns its parent cannot be numbered
+        # here.
+        self._exec(
+            "INSERT INTO calls VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+            (cr.db_id, thread_id, comm_id, call_path_id,
+             cr.call_time, cr.return_time,
+             cr.branch_count, cr.call_ref,
+             cr.return_ref, parent_call_path_id,
+             cr.flags, cr.parent_id,
+             cr.insn_count, cr.cyc_count)
+        )
+
+
+    def process_context_switch(self, event: typing.Any) -> None:
+        """Callback for processing context switch events."""
+        misc = getattr(event, 'misc', 0)
+        out = bool(misc & (1 << 13)) # PERF_RECORD_MISC_SWITCH_OUT
+        out_preempt = bool(misc & (1 << 14)) # PERF_RECORD_MISC_SWITCH_OUT_PREEMPT
+        flags = (1 if out else 0) | ((1 if out_preempt else 0) << 1)
+        machine_pid = getattr(event, 'machine_pid', None)
+        machine_id = self.get_machine_id(machine_pid)
+
+        sample_pid = getattr(event, 'sample_pid', None)
+        if sample_pid is None:
+            sample_pid = -1
+        elif sample_pid > 0x7fffffff:
+            sample_pid -= 0x100000000
+        sample_tid = getattr(event, 'sample_tid', None)
+        if sample_tid is None:
+            sample_tid = -1
+        elif sample_tid > 0x7fffffff:
+            sample_tid -= 0x100000000
+        next_prev_pid = getattr(event, 'next_prev_pid', None)
+        if next_prev_pid is None:
+            next_prev_pid = -1
+        elif next_prev_pid > 0x7fffffff:
+            next_prev_pid -= 0x100000000
+        next_prev_tid = getattr(event, 'next_prev_tid', None)
+        if next_prev_tid is None:
+            next_prev_tid = -1
+        elif next_prev_tid > 0x7fffffff:
+            next_prev_tid -= 0x100000000
+
+        th_a_id = self.get_thread_id(machine_id, sample_pid, sample_tid)
+        comm_a = "Unknown_comm"
+        if self.session:
+            try:
+                proc = self.session.find_thread(sample_pid, sample_tid)
+                if proc:
+                    comm_a_name = proc.comm()
+                    if comm_a_name:
+                        comm_a = comm_a_name
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+        comm_a_id = self.get_comm_id(comm_a, th_a_id)
+
+        th_b_id = self.get_thread_id(machine_id, next_prev_pid, next_prev_tid)
+        comm_b = "Unknown_comm"
+        if self.session:
+            try:
+                proc = self.session.find_thread(next_prev_pid, next_prev_tid)
+                if proc:
+                    comm_b_name = proc.comm()
+                    if comm_b_name:
+                        comm_b = comm_b_name
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+        comm_b_id = self.get_comm_id(comm_b, th_b_id)
+
+        if out:
+            th_out_id = th_a_id
+            comm_out_id = comm_a_id
+            th_in_id = th_b_id
+            comm_in_id = comm_b_id
+        else:
+            th_out_id = th_b_id
+            comm_out_id = comm_b_id
+            th_in_id = th_a_id
+            comm_in_id = comm_a_id
+
+        self._exec(
+            "INSERT INTO context_switches VALUES (NULL, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+            (machine_id, getattr(event, 'sample_time', 0), getattr(event, 'sample_cpu', 0) or 0,
+             th_out_id, comm_out_id, th_in_id, comm_in_id, flags)
+        )
+
+    def finish(self) -> None:
+        """Create indexes and update summary metadata after processing events."""
+        self.con.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS pcpid_idx ON calls (parent_call_path_id)")
+        self.con.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS pid_idx ON calls (parent_id)")
+        self.con.execute("ALTER TABLE comms ADD has_calls boolean")
+        self.con.execute("UPDATE comms SET has_calls = 1 WHERE comms.id IN "
+                         "(SELECT DISTINCT comm_id FROM calls)")
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commit transaction."""
+        self.con.commit()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close connection."""
+        self.con.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Export perf data to a sqlite3 database")
+    ap.add_argument("-i", "--input", default="perf.data",
+                    help="Input file name")
+    ap.add_argument("-o", "--output", default="perf.db",
+                    help="Output database name")
+    ap.add_argument("--itrace", help="Instruction Tracing options (e.g. crpt)")
+    args = ap.parse_args()
+
+    try:
+        fd = os.open(args.output, os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | os.O_WRONLY, 0o600)
+    except FileExistsError:
+        print(f"Error: {args.output} already exists")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    tmp_dir = None
+    exporter = None
+    succeeded = False
+    try:
+        tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="perf-export-sqlite-")
+        tmp_db = os.path.join(tmp_dir, "perf.db")
+        exporter = DatabaseExporter(tmp_db)
+        session = perf.session(perf.data(args.input),
+                               sample=exporter.process_event,
+                               context_switch=exporter.process_context_switch,
+                               call_return=exporter.process_call_return,
+                               itrace=args.itrace)
+        exporter.session = session
+        try:
+            session.process_events()
+        finally:
+            exporter.session = None
+        exporter.finish()
+        exporter.commit()
+        exporter.close()
+        exporter = None
+        with open(tmp_db, "rb") as src, os.fdopen(fd, "wb", closefd=False) as dst:
+            shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)
+        succeeded = True
+        print(f"Successfully exported to {args.output}")
+    except (OSError, RuntimeError, ValueError, sqlite3.Error):
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+    finally:
+        if exporter is not None:
+            exporter.session = None
+            exporter.close()
+        os.close(fd)
+        if tmp_dir is not None:
+            shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+        if not succeeded:
+            try:
+                os.remove(args.output)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+    if not succeeded:
+        sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/tools/perf/tests/shell/test_export_to_sqlite_python.sh b/tools/perf/tests/shell/test_export_to_sqlite_python.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..342e1734af8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/perf/tests/shell/test_export_to_sqlite_python.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+# export-to-sqlite python test (exclusive)
+
+set -e
+
+shelldir=$(dirname "$0")
+# shellcheck source=lib/setup_python.sh
+. "${shelldir}"/lib/setup_python.sh
+
+if ! "$PYTHON" -c 'import perf' > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+	echo "Skipping test, perf python module not found"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+# If we don't have sqlite3, we can't test
+if ! "$PYTHON" -c 'import sqlite3' > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+	echo "Skipping test, sqlite3 module not found"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+script_dir="$(dirname "$0")/../../python"
+script_path="${script_dir}/export-to-sqlite.py"
+
+if [ ! -f "$script_path" ]; then
+	echo "Skipping test, export-to-sqlite.py not found at $script_path"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+err=0
+temp_dir=""
+temp_data=""
+temp_db=""
+
+cleanup() {
+	[ -n "${temp_dir}" ] && rm -rf "${temp_dir}"
+}
+
+trap 'cleanup' EXIT
+trap 'cleanup; exit 1' TERM INT
+
+temp_dir=$(mktemp -d /tmp/perf.sqlite.XXXXXX)
+temp_data="${temp_dir}/perf.data"
+temp_db="${temp_dir}/perf.export.db"
+
+test_file_mode() {
+	echo "Testing export-to-sqlite.py..."
+
+	# Generate events with callchains and context switches if supported
+	if ! perf record -g --switch-events -o "${temp_data}" \
+	     -- perf test -w noploop >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
+	   ! perf record -g -o "${temp_data}" -- perf test -w noploop >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		echo "Skipping test, perf record failed"
+		exit 2
+	fi
+
+	# Run the script
+	if ! "$PYTHON" "$script_path" -i "${temp_data}" -o "${temp_db}" >/dev/null; then
+		echo "File mode test failed."
+		err=1
+	else
+		# Check DB tables (samples, call_paths, threads, comms)
+		query="import sqlite3; c = sqlite3.connect('${temp_db}'); "
+		query="${query}s = c.execute('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM samples').fetchone()[0]; "
+		query="${query}cp = c.execute('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM call_paths').fetchone()[0]; "
+		query="${query}exit(0 if s > 0 and cp > 0 else 1)"
+		if ! "$PYTHON" -c "$query" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+			echo "SQLite validation failed."
+			err=1
+		else
+			echo "File mode test passed."
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+test_intel_pt() {
+	echo "Testing export-to-sqlite.py with intel_pt..."
+
+	rm -f "${temp_db}" "${temp_data}"
+	# Generate some intel_pt events; use a subshell that waits for uname
+	if ! perf record -B -N --no-bpf-event -e intel_pt//u -o "${temp_data}" \
+		-- sh -c "uname; true" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		echo "Skipping intel_pt test, intel_pt not available."
+		return 0
+	fi
+
+	# Run the script with --itrace cr to synthesize call_returns
+	if ! "$PYTHON" "$script_path" -i "${temp_data}" -o "${temp_db}" --itrace cr; then
+		echo "intel_pt file mode test failed."
+		err=1
+	else
+		# Check DB for calls
+		query="import sqlite3; c = sqlite3.connect('${temp_db}'); "
+		query="${query}r = c.execute('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM calls').fetchone()[0]; "
+		query="${query}exit(1 if r == 0 else 0)"
+		if ! "$PYTHON" -c "$query" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+			echo "SQLite intel_pt validation failed (no calls found)."
+			err=1
+		else
+			echo "intel_pt test passed (cr validated)."
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+test_file_mode
+test_intel_pt
+
+exit $err
-- 
2.55.0.1082.g2b9226bbc0-goog