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Mon, 09 Feb 2026 22:27:03 -0800 (PST) Received: from [192.168.10.81] ([151.61.26.160]) by smtp.googlemail.com with ESMTPSA id ffacd0b85a97d-4376d3a32basm15125796f8f.14.2026.02.09.22.27.00 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Mon, 09 Feb 2026 22:27:01 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: <5f3e0ca5-cf60-4f07-bbc6-663b04192c49@redhat.com> Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 07:26:55 +0100 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird From: Paolo Bonzini Subject: Re: [BUG REPORT] USE_AFTER_FREE in complete_emulated_mmio found by KASAN/Syzkaller fuzz test (v5.10.0) To: Zhangjiaji Cc: Sean Christopherson , "kvm@vger.kernel.org" , "linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org" , "Wangqinxiao (Tom)" , zhangyashu , "wangyanan (Y)" References: <369eaaa2b3c1425c85e8477066391bc7@huawei.com> Content-Language: en-US In-Reply-To: <369eaaa2b3c1425c85e8477066391bc7@huawei.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit > I've analyzed the Syzkaller output and the complete_emulated_mmio() code path. > The buggy address is created in em_enter(), where it passes its local variable `ulong rbp` to emulate_push(), finally ends in emulator_read_write_onepage() putting the address into vcpu->mmio_fragments[].data . > The bug happens when kvm guest executes an "enter" instruction, and top of the stack crosses the mem page. > In that case, the em_enter() function cannot complete the instruction within itself, but leave the rest data (which is in the other page) to complete_emulated_mmio(). > When complete_emulated_mmio() starts, em_enter() has exited, so local variable `ulong rbp` is also released. > Now complete_emulated_mmio() trys to access vcpu->mmio_fragments[].data , and the bug happened. > > any idea? Ouch, the bug is certainly legit. The easiest way to fix it is something like this: diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c index c8e292e9a24d..1c8698139dd5 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c @@ -1905,7 +1905,7 @@ static int em_enter(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt) rbp = reg_read(ctxt, VCPU_REGS_RBP); rc = emulate_push(ctxt, &rbp, stack_size(ctxt)); if (rc != X86EMUL_CONTINUE) - return rc; + return X86EMUL_UNHANDLEABLE; assign_masked(reg_rmw(ctxt, VCPU_REGS_RBP), reg_read(ctxt, VCPU_REGS_RSP), stack_mask(ctxt)); assign_masked(reg_rmw(ctxt, VCPU_REGS_RSP), The hard part is auditing all similar places that lead to passing a local variable to emulator_read_write_onepage(). For example I found this one: write_segment_descriptor(ctxt, old_tss_sel, &curr_tss_desc); which however is caught at kvm_task_switch() and changed to an emulation error. It may be a good idea to stick a defensive "vcpu->mmio_needed = false;" in prepare_emulation_failure_exit(), as well as "vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io = NULL" both there and in kvm_task_switch(). Paolo