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Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:39:32 +0000 From: Date: Wed, 11 Feb 2026 16:39:30 -0800 To: Cui Chao , Andrew Morton CC: Jonathan Cameron , Mike Rapoport , Wang Yinfeng , , Pratyush Brahma , Gregory Price , "David Hildenbrand" , , , , , Jonathan Cameron Message-ID: <698d2142a8421_8c321003a@dwillia2-mobl4.notmuch> In-Reply-To: <20260211103320.2064211-2-cuichao1753@phytium.com.cn> References: <20260211103320.2064211-1-cuichao1753@phytium.com.cn> <20260211103320.2064211-2-cuichao1753@phytium.com.cn> Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 1/1] mm: numa_memblks: Identify the accurate NUMA ID of CFMW Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-ClientProxiedBy: SJ0PR03CA0116.namprd03.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:a03:333::31) To PH8PR11MB8107.namprd11.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:510:256::6) Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-PublicTrafficType: Email X-MS-TrafficTypeDiagnostic: PH8PR11MB8107:EE_|SA2PR11MB5163:EE_ X-MS-Office365-Filtering-Correlation-Id: d29e010e-f2c6-4675-acad-08de69cf300b X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-Relay: 0 X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0;ARA:13230040|366016|1800799024|7416014|376014; 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In numa_cleanup_meminfo, these multiple > segments of system memory are merged into a larger numa_memblk. When > identifying which NUMA node the CFMW belongs to, it may be incorrectly > assigned to the NUMA node of the merged system memory. > > When a CXL RAM region is created in userspace, the memory capacity of > the newly created region is not added to the CFMW-dedicated NUMA node. > Instead, it is accumulated into an existing NUMA node (e.g., NUMA0 > containing RAM). This makes it impossible to clearly distinguish > between the two types of memory, which may affect memory-tiering > applications. > > Example memory layout: > > Physical address space: > 0x00000000 - 0x1FFFFFFF System RAM (node0) > 0x20000000 - 0x2FFFFFFF CXL CFMW (node2) > 0x40000000 - 0x5FFFFFFF System RAM (node0) > 0x60000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF System RAM (node1) > > After numa_cleanup_meminfo, the two node0 segments are merged into one: > 0x00000000 - 0x5FFFFFFF System RAM (node0) // CFMW is inside the range > 0x60000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF System RAM (node1) > > So the CFMW (0x20000000-0x2FFFFFFF) will be incorrectly assigned to node0. > > To address this scenario, accurately identifying the correct NUMA node > can be achieved by checking whether the region belongs to both > numa_meminfo and numa_reserved_meminfo. Looks good, thanks for the clear statement on why this matters. Going forward, conciseness is valued. So here is a potential condensed statement of impact: --- While this issue is only observed in a QEMU configuration, and no known end users are impacted by this problem, it is likely that some firmware implementation is leaving memory map holes in a CXL Fixed Memory Window. CXL hotplug depends on mapping free window capacity, and it seems to be only a coincidence to have not hit this problem yet. --- With that and adding: Cc: You can add: Reviewed-by: Dan Williams