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X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Id: 4e2c6054-71cb-48f1-bd6c-3a9705aca71b X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-MailboxType: HOSTED X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-UserPrincipalName: bkXoL4QonA8oVtmGOHkI01BE9469mfzfwZy5jccWgzbsR/vLsmFiIiAL/EKJVS/OsxM4aNR9/8oYvc+RfmQlhpqyQLjPUsTETZkMJ8zdNfk= X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: CH2PR10MB4149 X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=baseguard engine=ICAP:2.0.293,Aquarius:18.0.1121,Hydra:6.1.9,FMLib:17.12.100.49 definitions=2025-11-17_04,2025-11-13_02,2025-10-01_01 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=notspam policy=default score=0 adultscore=0 phishscore=0 bulkscore=0 suspectscore=0 mlxscore=0 mlxlogscore=999 spamscore=0 malwarescore=0 classifier=spam adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.12.0-2510240000 definitions=main-2511180057 X-Proofpoint-GUID: AFxmSN19ltse7jS9dlU4nWaAR5Z4WdkP X-Authority-Analysis: v=2.4 cv=Z/jh3XRA c=1 sm=1 tr=0 ts=691c1df9 b=1 cx=c_pps a=e1sVV491RgrpLwSTMOnk8w==:117 a=e1sVV491RgrpLwSTMOnk8w==:17 a=6eWqkTHjU83fiwn7nKZWdM+Sl24=:19 a=z/mQ4Ysz8XfWz/Q5cLBRGdckG28=:19 a=lCpzRmAYbLLaTzLvsPZ7Mbvzbb8=:19 a=xqWC_Br6kY4A:10 a=IkcTkHD0fZMA:10 a=6UeiqGixMTsA:10 a=GoEa3M9JfhUA:10 a=VkNPw1HP01LnGYTKEx00:22 a=yPCof4ZbAAAA:8 a=r8fxULFCrdalEc_aIm4A:9 a=QEXdDO2ut3YA:10 cc=ntf awl=host:13643 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details-Enc: AW1haW4tMjUxMTE1MDAzMSBTYWx0ZWRfX0mdW3sGeuNTM JJSZXvRit32jOirsTonBr+j1FYWwWZ/7enC18Vc8bxrbPLgSu+efOmwp9FYdljeziVw39Lxbwwp wDO10jAm4f4hugSPduNveHEccA89l7jwTrx4tEs9er+lfiRoOT/uwvEGoNvcxBCUdbnyfh+jRpj LtKjirv4C14ooKFpWd6neAp+rGAJcRZg+l92zjHK2ov1vofb4Cpma2sICYaqPfAR8cptQdmuy+p vfgUi+dPMk/rpiAHD/KMLTdlEnCjX87BN1S+jeKnt11bKZLDzHGLF0CUMRjucCPCPhs398uH/wO uq7R37rgCJV+fPS/AlCisOOvWk1cZelmdhZsPI+TFIlwl6CVubp1HZwwdeZ0P7tVp2T+bQFvYqt NQyyeD/yqvH/NxkMmBhgs8Kc/mj2NhhtzBX23slG2jiwYiX1tbI= X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: AFxmSN19ltse7jS9dlU4nWaAR5Z4WdkP On 11/17/25 23:09, David Laight wrote: > On Mon, 17 Nov 2025 14:11:55 +0100 > Alexandre Chartre wrote: > >> On 11/17/25 13:37, David Laight wrote: >>> On Mon, 17 Nov 2025 10:47:06 +0100 >>> Alexandre Chartre wrote: >>> >>>> On 11/17/25 10:42, David Laight wrote: >>> ... >>>>> Although I think there ought to be some indication of the 31 NOP bytes >>>>> at the end of the middle alternative. >>>> >>>> I am now compacting the code by removing all trailing NOPs. I should probably >>>> improve that with printing the actual number of NOPs, for example NOP31 (or nop31) >>> >>> That is the sort of thing I was thinking of. >>> Perhaps the actual opcodes on one line - eg: NOP5; NOP5; NOP5; NOP1 >> >> That might not always be very compact. For example __switch_to_asm() has 41 NOP1. >> I will use NOP for now, and we can improve later. > > Could you use NOP1*41 (etc) so that NOP5*4 is different from NOP1*20? > (I'm guessing you hand-decode the standard NOP sequences already?) Yes, objtool already identifies standard NOP sequences. > Hmm... you don't want to execute that many 0x90 bytes. > I think that case might have had a jump around them. In that specific case, they are not executed, they are after a jump: 82e7: __switch_to_asm+0x27 = DEFAULT 82e7: __switch_to_asm+0x27 | jmp 0x8312 <__switch_to_asm+0x52> 82e9: __switch_to_asm+0x29 | NOP41 | alex. > Do I remember something about the trailing nop being merged? > Perhaps that is the kernel patching code. > Something made me think objtool might (also) be doing it. > > David