Re: [BUG] KASAN: slab-use-after-free Read in usx2y_async_seq04_init

[Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>]

On Fri, 11 Sep 2026 17:53:55 +0200,
Farhad Alemi wrote:
> 
> Hello,
> 
> We are reporting the following crash (reproducer attached):
> Linux version 7.3.0-rc2 50d05c7c76c96b90462f24debacca971d2e86713
> Build Config: UpstreamAppArmorKASAN (KASAN + UBSAN, panic_on_warn=1)
> 
> [   44.599577][ T9507] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in
> usx2y_async_seq04_init+0x2b8/0x360
(snip)

Both this one and your another report ("[BUG] KASAN:
slab-use-after-free Read in __snd_ctl_add_replace") are basically the
same issue -- UAFs after the card release of USB drivers that are done
asynchronously from the disconnect callback.

Below is the fix patch for both.


thanks,

Takashi

-- 8< --
From: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Subject: [PATCH] ALSA: core: Fix potential UAF after asynchronous card release

Usually a sound driver releases the resources assigned to the card via
snd_card_free(), and it synchronizes with the whole release procedure.
However, when the card is released asynchronously via
snd_card_free_when_closed() like USB-audio driver, the situation is
slightly different; although the snd_card_disconnect() call at the
disconnection guarantees that any newer accesses will be gated, the
in-flight tasks might be still accessing to the underlying card->dev
device even after the disconnection, which would cause a
use-after-free in the end, as reported by fuzzers.

For addressing the bug above, this patch takes the refcount of
card->dev at initialization of the card object, and releases at its
destructor.   This assures the availability of the card->dev in its
whole lifecycle.

Reported-by: Farhad Alemi <farhad.alemi@berkeley.edu>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/CA+0ovChexj4TrZL_2iG_P0WBEbZc5+73GfB3DkciQi=R8pZOnA@mail.gmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/CA+0ovCgQUQNN=Z1tJTouiCsDaXR5M-3-SQEGk-cpPXQkM5Xh+w@mail.gmail.com
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
---
 sound/core/init.c | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/sound/core/init.c b/sound/core/init.c
index 2f7f83a7611b..bffa94b7b956 100644
--- a/sound/core/init.c
+++ b/sound/core/init.c
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ static int snd_card_init(struct snd_card *card, struct device *parent,
 			kfree(card); /* manually free here, as no destructor called */
 		return err;
 	}
-	card->dev = parent;
+	card->dev = get_device(parent);
 	card->number = idx;
 	WARN_ON(IS_MODULE(CONFIG_SND) && !module);
 	card->module = module;
@@ -605,6 +605,7 @@ static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card)
 	}
 	if (card->release_completion)
 		complete(card->release_completion);
+	put_device(card->dev);
 	if (!managed)
 		kfree(card);
 	return 0;
-- 
2.55.0