From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from smtp.kernel.org (aws-us-west-2-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [10.30.226.201]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 3A22639A047 for ; Mon, 16 Mar 2026 14:08:16 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=10.30.226.201 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1773670096; cv=none; b=oVX2USc/4THQFJaeeauNP6mJ4gL73izGb3YAAQzzr9/7IQy+tb102lJ6UVssHp4qo69YYTpeAbxFMFYYgRNZQ7aTN5uoY6t0QBrc0bUYQxyilyTDwxPbw+f6ZIOcCmLm2wMcMTC3ntMCqvcmIOLAxWgSvhewoywW5+GMWKIkRlo= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1773670096; c=relaxed/simple; bh=l8oPYmCUox+HYD80+GdLFbBOPhRJJNmQ2cOQc3OAfqc=; h=MIME-Version:References:In-Reply-To:From:Date:Message-ID:Subject: To:Cc:Content-Type; b=fZSFP4s6sTiNcqQ0FuK357VGT4ChHkcoJpGhAgEW4j8+JiZVsPC6m4kYnQwhlugA7Wk0dBoCgjt+t5CONckbFR9wPUUA4j5Xu+J2gouXTsLlkVTLTKA2YpIEHEc2emDzdz+B05CkYxeescso0ga1FS37ciDQ7zf4RNQdND+JnXw= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.b=Ng4mmIpL; arc=none smtp.client-ip=10.30.226.201 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.b="Ng4mmIpL" Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id F0D73C19425 for ; Mon, 16 Mar 2026 14:08:15 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1773670096; bh=l8oPYmCUox+HYD80+GdLFbBOPhRJJNmQ2cOQc3OAfqc=; h=References:In-Reply-To:From:Date:Subject:To:Cc:From; b=Ng4mmIpL6U0ehU3SOP5qWSo8kgc18jmYfZGM0mDQfAfnxRtV/INL0nH90zPKsBOSL lzRPWMzeJ03pzi0wSwnWM8dh+hzq53hsJssAxWXe81OwkC/Ba8pCRdHULsxe7TQyZk ozltW5flENH9Of/u/v/Lto7dPCI0Bf+A7PX1R2A5OaWWdJx4Olm0qr/FDc7rCnqULB YFJe6C5egJI1hrMDw3ugQ7B2+T9hQxqO0Tp9h4HY8DDqK4RgOQMWwlOgjylpGvEfKW Ite0va9ia9tz9PXEs6PcZ6+DT05M2UFmJk+q14EzfRs5mY5vJ56lCVe6eF2/Jh4gXc O8k2h/8A26TkA== Received: by mail-lj1-f179.google.com with SMTP id 38308e7fff4ca-3870778358aso36711681fa.1 for ; Mon, 16 Mar 2026 07:08:15 -0700 (PDT) X-Forwarded-Encrypted: i=1; AJvYcCXK8K4DRzaO4J6qdy3kWERNjS36ae09RASbFfaCMz5ANGx0AHdsAv/nQiO2zDTqm4YbsfeqaZcyqy5uEmQ=@vger.kernel.org X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YwYpDovVTZI6p5vBPAByS/DwZFAZ2PSTI4Dq8J/3himMZ3eaICm sZX5FcPyElGuyjxsX2/NrsPvOSfagZEHL0NV1J9NsW/AVP0i3LqvCAIObwKbH4/wZjIqa9ZRM2e 5vhBM+4dhNtEy255MKKzx1dN6CH18nog= X-Received: by 2002:a05:651c:198d:b0:389:f5b4:46cc with SMTP id 38308e7fff4ca-38a89645d0cmr42254341fa.4.1773670094566; Mon, 16 Mar 2026 07:08:14 -0700 (PDT) Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <20260312193717.12221-1-rosenp@gmail.com> <7jwgbrijeldghk44tdg2be5q7o7vuj5np3nlbl2pxuln6c7ll7@ntuquxxdnfmm> In-Reply-To: From: Linus Walleij Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 15:08:00 +0100 X-Gmail-Original-Message-ID: X-Gm-Features: AaiRm514yMjy-riOY0-nNMAQ3Dm3EeSfZQ_Jeua8HVMt8JGxk9ChMWC5efBcsmM Message-ID: Subject: Re: [PATCHv3] gpio: virtio: remove one kcalloc To: Rosen Penev Cc: Viresh Kumar , linux-gpio@vger.kernel.org, "Enrico Weigelt, metux IT consult" , Viresh Kumar , Bartosz Golaszewski , Kees Cook , "Gustavo A. R. Silva" , "open list:VIRTIO GPIO DRIVER" , open list , "open list:KERNEL HARDENING (not covered by other areas):Keyword:b__counted_by(_le|_be)?b" Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Fri, Mar 13, 2026 at 7:30=E2=80=AFAM Rosen Penev wrot= e: > > I wonder if it is worth it anymore. Why combining allocations is better= when we > > are ending up using more memory ? > No idea. That's what maintainers suggested for some unknown reason. This YouTube seminar by Kees Cook and Gustavo Silva explains exactly why we want this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DV2kzptQG5_A As mentioned briefly in my reply to Viresh, it brings some of the same features that Rust has to the kernel C dialect. This is done to avoid what we call undefined behaviour. Yours, Linus Walleij