Hi Neil, all, The nfs daemons run holding the global kernel lock. They still hold this lock over calls to file_op's read and write. The file system kernel interface (FSKI) doesn't require the kernel lock to be held over these read/write calls. The nfs daemons do not require that the reads or writes do not block (would be v silly if they did), so they have no guarantee the lock isn't dropped and retaken during blocking. ie. they aren't using it as a guard across the calls. Dropping the kernel lock around read and write in fs/nfsd/vfs.c is a _big_ SMP scalability win! Attached patch is against 2.4.1-ac18, but should apply to most recent kernel versions. Mark