Re: [PATCH] arm64: dts: qcom: x1e78100-thinkpad-t14s: Add thermal zones for PMICs

[Stephan Gerhold <stephan.gerhold@linaro.org>]

On Tue, Sep 22, 2026 at 08:18:18PM +0200, Daniel Lezcano wrote:
> Add the thermal zones for the ThinkPad T14s and describe the board
> temperature sensors exposed through the PMK8550 VADC.
> 
> The keyboard area is the main thermal constraint under sustained CPU
> load. Add a passive thermal zone for it and progressively throttle the
> three CPU groups as the temperature approaches the 53°C limit. The
> groups are activated at 49°C, 51°C and 53°C respectively, with a
> 1000 m°C hysteresis and a 500 ms passive polling interval.
> 
> The cooling maps limit each CPU cooling device to state 6, which
> corresponds to approximately 1.9 GHz. Testing showed that the system can
> sustain the workload with all three CPU clusters capped at this
> frequency while maintaining the expected performance, making it a
> suitable upper cooling state for thermal regulation.
> 
> Several configurations were evaluated while tuning the keyboard zone.
> Using a single 53°C trip for all CPUs allowed the temperature to rise
> quickly but resulted in a stable operating point around 54.3°C, about
> 1.3°C above the intended limit. Introducing staged cooling before the
> target significantly reduced the thermal overshoot. A 49/51/53°C
> configuration kept the steady-state temperature close to 53°C, while a
> later 49.5/51.5/53°C configuration improved the heating response but
> shifted the equilibrium slightly above the target. Based on these
> results, keep the earlier 49/51/53°C staging.
> 
> Also add a passive back-cover thermal zone which uses the GPU as a
> cooling device at 64°C, together with a 73°C critical shutdown trip.
> 
> Describe the remaining SMB, SDX, east and west board temperature
> sensors as monitoring-only thermal zones, and enable ADC thermal
> monitoring on the corresponding PMK8550 VADC channels.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@oss.qualcomm.com>
> ---
>  .../qcom/x1e78100-lenovo-thinkpad-t14s.dts    | 142 ++++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 142 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/x1e78100-lenovo-thinkpad-t14s.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/x1e78100-lenovo-thinkpad-t14s.dts
> index 5cc6a63d1ef6..9407868864ad 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/x1e78100-lenovo-thinkpad-t14s.dts
> +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/x1e78100-lenovo-thinkpad-t14s.dts
> @@ -10,6 +10,117 @@ / {
>  	compatible = "lenovo,thinkpad-t14s-lcd", "lenovo,thinkpad-t14s",
>  		     "qcom,x1e78100", "qcom,x1e80100";
>  
> +	thermal-zones {
> +		soc-thermal {
> +			thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_vadc ADC5_GEN3_AMUX1_GPIO_100K_PU(1)>;
> +		};
> +
> +		keyboard-thermal {
> +			critical-action = "shutdown";
> +			polling-delay-passive = <500>;
> +
> +			thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_vadc ADC5_GEN3_AMUX2_GPIO_100K_PU(1)>;

I believe this is "towards back cover next to heat pipe" on T14s, not
"keyboard".

SYS_THERM1 is RT8502 and you can find that labelled on the top bottom
right in this mainboard picture:
https://download.lenovo.com/Images/Parts/5B21P83385/5B21P83385_A.jpg

In the T14s, the mainboard is mounted 180° rotated, you can see the same
part of the mainboard in the top middle here, above the heat pipe,
facing towards the back cover:
https://www.notebookcheck.net/fileadmin/_processed_/d/c/csm_DSC_0003_aadae1ddd2.jpg

> +
> +			trips {
> +
> +				keyboard_alert0: trip-point0 {
> +					temperature = <49000>;
> +					hysteresis = <1000>;
> +					type = "passive";
> +				};

If I'm reading the Windows ACPI setup correctly, it starts throttling
much later. The main thermal zone used for throttling on Windows is
TZ40, which is thermistor 2 read through the qcom-hamoa-ec interface
(b94000.i2c, 'i2cget -y N 0x36 0x2a b'). TZ39 with thermistor 1 looks
like the SoC thermistor, so TZ40 could be the EC equivalent of
SYS_THERM1, i.e. RT8202 also visible in the mainboard picture above.

On Windows, TZ40 is configured as follows on my T14s:

Passive throttling starting at:
 - 3310 dK (57.85°C), power mode "balanced" (current default for EC)
 - 3330 dK (59.85°C), power mode "performance"
 - 3230 dK (49.85°C), power mode "low power"

Cooling devices:
 - CLS0.CPU0-3
 - CLS1.CPU0-3
 - CLS2.CPU0-3
 - GPU0

If we start throttling earlier than Windows, I would be worried that the
EC will not reach the trip point for maximum fan speed, and we'll end up
overly throttling the device.

> +
> +				keyboard_alert1: trip-point1 {
> +					temperature = <51000>;
> +					hysteresis = <1000>;
> +					type = "passive";
> +				};
> +
> +				keyboard_alert2: trip-point2 {
> +					temperature = <53000>;
> +					hysteresis = <1000>;
> +					type = "passive";
> +				};
> +
> +				keyboard-critical {
> +					temperature = <73000>;
> +					hysteresis = <1000>;
> +					type = "critical";
> +				};
> +			};
> +
> +			cooling-maps {
> +				map0 {
> +					trip = <&keyboard_alert0>;
> +					cooling-device = <&cpu0 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu1 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu2 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu3 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>;
> +				};
> +
> +				map1 {
> +					trip = <&keyboard_alert1>;
> +					cooling-device = <&cpu4 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu5 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu6 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu7 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>;
> +				};
> +
> +				map2 {
> +					trip = <&keyboard_alert2>;
> +					cooling-device = <&cpu8 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu9 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu10 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>,
> +							 <&cpu11 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 6>;
> +
> +				};
> +			};
> +		};
> +
> +		backcover-thermal {
> +			critical-action = "shutdown";
> +			polling-delay-passive = <400>;
> +
> +			thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_vadc ADC5_GEN3_AMUX1_THM_100K_PU(1)>;

If the keyboard-thermal above is "towards back cover next to heat pipe",
I'm not sure what this is. I've been trying to figure it out but no luck
so far. Maybe someone would need to sacrifice a T14s and take a look at
the mainboard markings after removing all these thermal tapes ... :/

https://download.lenovo.com/Images/Parts/5B21P83377/5B21P83377_B.jpg

If this sensor is equivalent to EC thermistor 3 (TZ41) in ACPI, then
Windows does not use this for throttling at all.

> [...]
> +		smb-thermal {
> +			thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_vadc ADC5_GEN3_AMUX2_THM_100K_PU(1)>;
> +		};
> +
> +		sdx-thermal {
> +			thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_vadc ADC5_GEN3_AMUX3_THM_100K_PU(1)>;
> +		};
> +
> +		east-thermal {
> +			thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_vadc ADC5_GEN3_AMUX4_THM_100K_PU(1)>;
> +		};
> +
> +		west-thermal {
> +			thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_vadc ADC5_GEN3_AMUX5_THM_100K_PU(1)>;
> +		};

FWIW, there is also ssd/wlan-thermal (SYS_THERM7)
thermal-sensors = <&pmk8550_adc_tm ADC5_GEN3_AMUX6_THM_100K_PU(1)>;

Thanks,
Stephan