Re: [PATCH] KVM: nSVM: Reset the virtual VMLOAD/VMSAVE bit in vmcb02 on every nested VMRUN

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From: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org>
To: Amirmohammad Eftekhar <amirmohammad.eftekhar@cispa.de>
Cc: seanjc@google.com, pbonzini@redhat.com, kvm@vger.kernel.org,
	 linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, jmattson@google.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH] KVM: nSVM: Reset the virtual VMLOAD/VMSAVE bit in vmcb02 on every nested VMRUN
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 2026 15:48:53 +0000	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <att-Epjatf5sw-ba@google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261023090924.9685-1-amirmohammad.eftekhar@cispa.de>

On Fri, Oct 23, 2026 at 11:09:24AM +0200, Amirmohammad Eftekhar wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 22, 2026, Yosry Ahmed wrote:
> > So this test case passing should be confirming my allegation that
> > intercepts take precedence over VLS.
> 
> I could be missing something, but a hardware repro points the other way,
> at least on this part (Zen 4, Ryzen 5 PRO 8500GE, mainline 7.3-rc3). The
> L2 runs "vmload; cpuid", so the exit code says whether VMLOAD was
> intercepted (SVM_EXIT_VMLOAD, 0x82) or virtualized and run on to the
> cpuid (SVM_EXIT_CPUID, 0x72):
> 
>   - Single VMRUN, vmcb12 VLS off, L1 intercepting VMLOAD: 0x82. The
>     intercept is honored, as expected.
>   - VMRUN #1 enables VLS legitimately (0x72), then VMRUN #2 with vmcb12
>     VLS=0 and L1 intercepting VMLOAD: still 0x72. 3/3.
> 
> The difference from nested_vmsave_vmload_test.c is that the test only
> looks at a single VMRUN. On VMRUN #2 vmcb12 has VLS off, so
> nested_vmcb_needs_vls_intercept() returns true and
> nested_vmcb02_recalc_intercepts() sets INTERCEPT_VMLOAD/VMSAVE in vmcb02.

I am not sure if "the test" refers to your repro or the selftest, a
standalone. A standalone repro would help.

> But vmcb02->control.misc_ctl2 still has the VLS enable bit from VMRUN #1,
> since it is only ever OR-set and never cleared, so vmcb02 enters VMRUN #2
> with both INTERCEPT_VMLOAD and VLS set and the CPU virtualizes VMLOAD
> anyway. That is the dropped intercept.
> 
> So with both bits live in the same vmcb02, VLS wins over the intercept on
> this hardware, which is why I think the stale bit is an actual
> intercept-drop (an L1 that intercepts VMLOAD/VMSAVE for its own L2 loses
> that intercept after it has used VLS even once) rather than only untidy
> state.

I tried this on 4 EPYC processors (Zen 2,3,4,5), I basically ran the
selftest with the bpftrace script below, and here are the results I got
tracing L0's svm_vcpu_run() and kvm_exit() only with guest mode on real
hardware. On all 4 microarchitectures, you will see rows with VLS and
the intercepts enabled, with SVM_EXIT_VMSAVE and SVM_EXIT_VMLOAD exit
codes:

================================================================================
Zen 5 (Turin)
CPU: AMD EPYC 9B45 128-Core Processor
================================================================================
Attached 3 probes
Random seed: 0x703a00c6
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f9ac
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9ac exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d2f0
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d2f0 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d350
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d350 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x25be50
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x25be50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x256850
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256850 exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f9cc
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9cc exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23fa33
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23fa33 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fa41
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fb04


================================================================================
Zen 4 (Genoa)
CPU: AMD EPYC 9B14 96-Core Processor
================================================================================
Attached 3 probes
Random seed: 0x7eb8e37c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f9ac
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9ac exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d2f0
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d2f0 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d350
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d350 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x25be50
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x25be50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x256850
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256850 exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f9cc
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9cc exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23fa33
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23fa33 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fa41
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fb04


================================================================================
Zen 3 (Milan)
CPU: AMD EPYC 7B13 64-Core Processor
================================================================================
Attached 3 probes
Random seed: 0x5ea27b94
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f9ac
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9ac exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d2f0
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d2f0 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d350
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d350 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x25be50
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x25be50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x256850
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256850 exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f9cc
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9cc exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23fa33
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23fa33 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fa41
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fb04


================================================================================
Zen 2 (Rome)
CPU: AMD EPYC 7B12 64-Core Processor
================================================================================
Attached 3 probes
Random seed: 0x3c17b702
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f970
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=0 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f970 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f975
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f980 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f985
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23f990
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f990 exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23f9ac
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9ac exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d2f0
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d2f0 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d350
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d350 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x24d363
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x24d363 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x25be50
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x25be50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x256850
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256850 exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x82 exit_rip=0x23f9cc
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23f9cc exit_code=0x83 exit_rip=0x23fa33
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=1 vmsave_icpt=1 entry_rip=0x23fa33 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fa41
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa50 exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x400 exit_rip=0x23fa6c
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x23fa6c exit_code=0x7b exit_rip=0x256854
is_guest_mode=1 vls=1 vmload_icpt=0 vmsave_icpt=0 entry_rip=0x256854 exit_code=0x81 exit_rip=0x23fb04

> 
> I haven't managed to square that with your reading of the test, so it is
> entirely possible I am wrong about the precedence. If it helps I can send
> the reproducer, or dump vmcb02->control (the intercept bitmap plus
> misc_ctl2) right before the VMRUN #2 that virtualizes VMLOAD, so we can
> confirm both bits are set going in.

My bpftrace script is below, if you want to reuse it. You can just run
it while you run the selftest:

fentry:kvm_amd:svm_vcpu_run {
    $svm = (struct vcpu_svm *)args.vcpu;
    $vcpu = args.vcpu;
    $vmcb = $svm->vmcb;

    /* is_guest_mode(vcpu) == (vcpu->arch.hflags & HF_GUEST_MASK) */
    $is_guest_mode = ($vcpu->arch.hflags & 1) ? 1 : 0;

    @in_guest_mode[tid] = $is_guest_mode;
    if ($is_guest_mode) {
        $vls = ($vmcb->control.misc_ctl2 >> 1) & 1;
        $word4 = $vmcb->control.intercepts[4];
        $vmload_icpt = ($word4 >> 2) & 1;
        $vmsave_icpt = ($word4 >> 3) & 1;

        @cur_vls[tid] = $vls;
        @cur_vmload[tid] = $vmload_icpt;
        @cur_vmsave[tid] = $vmsave_icpt;
        @cur_rip[tid] = $vmcb->save.rip;
    }
}

tracepoint:kvm:kvm_exit {
    if (@in_guest_mode[tid]) {
        $vls = @cur_vls[tid];
        $vmload_icpt = @cur_vmload[tid];
        $vmsave_icpt = @cur_vmsave[tid];
        $entry_rip = @cur_rip[tid];

        printf("is_guest_mode=1 vls=%d vmload_icpt=%d vmsave_icpt=%d entry_rip=0x%lx exit_code=0x%x exit_rip=0x%lx\n",
               $vls, $vmload_icpt, $vmsave_icpt, $entry_rip, args.exit_reason, args.guest_rip);
        @in_guest_mode[tid] = 0;
    }
}

END {
    clear(@cur_vls);
    clear(@cur_vmload);
    clear(@cur_vmsave);
    clear(@cur_rip);
    clear(@in_guest_mode);
}

     prev parent reply	other threads:[~2026-10-23 15:48 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 5+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2026-10-16 23:52 Amirmohammad Eftekhar
2026-10-22 17:21 ` Sean Christopherson
2026-10-22 23:45   ` Yosry Ahmed
2026-10-23  9:09     ` Amirmohammad Eftekhar
2026-10-23 15:48       ` Yosry Ahmed [this message]

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