Re: [PATCH V1] accel/amdxdna: Add carveout memory support for non-IOMMU systems

[Lizhi Hou <lizhi.hou@amd.com>]

On 4/19/26 11:13, Mario Limonciello wrote:
>
>
> On 4/17/26 16:06, Lizhi Hou wrote:
>> From: Max Zhen <max.zhen@amd.com>
>>
>> Add support for allocating buffers from reserved carveout memory when
>> IOMMU is not available. This is useful during debugging or bring-up.
>>
>> In this configuration, the device uses physical addresses and does
>> not support scatter-gather lists, requiring physically contiguous
>> buffers.
>>
>> Implement carveout-backed allocation and integrate it into buffer
>> management to support operation in physical address mode.
>
> Running with IOMMU disabled is unlikely to be a common production 
> scenario.  At first I was thinking this is OK, but considering Greg's 
> strong comments about driver specific module parameters I /wonder/ if 
> this should be gated behind a kconfig option to be used at bringup?
>
> The Kconfig option could be something like XDNA_CARVEOUT and default 
> to 0.  Then it can be set to any value necessary for debugging.
>
> You could go a step further and only let XDNA_CARVEOUT do the 
> reservation when IOMMU wasn't found.

Thanks for your comments. It would be more useful to change the carveout 
setting without recompile the driver. Because this is a debug function, 
so we will implement debugfs to config the carveout address and size.


Lizhi

>
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Max Zhen <max.zhen@amd.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Lizhi Hou <lizhi.hou@amd.com>
>> ---
>>   drivers/accel/amdxdna/Makefile          |   1 +
>>   drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.c    | 249 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>   drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.h    |  16 ++
>>   drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_gem.c     |  95 +++++++--
>>   drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_iommu.c   |  77 +++++---
>>   drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.c |  91 ++++++---
>>   drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.h |   4 +-
>>   7 files changed, 454 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
>>   create mode 100644 drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.c
>>   create mode 100644 drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.h
>>
>> diff --git a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/Makefile 
>> b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/Makefile
>> index 79369e497540..a055aea36971 100644
>> --- a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/Makefile
>> +++ b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/Makefile
>> @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ amdxdna-y := \
>>       aie2_solver.o \
>>       aie4_message.o \
>>       aie4_pci.o \
>> +    amdxdna_cbuf.o \
>>       amdxdna_ctx.o \
>>       amdxdna_gem.o \
>>       amdxdna_iommu.o \
>> diff --git a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.c 
>> b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..4a556199a461
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
>> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
>> +/*
>> + * Copyright (C) 2026, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
>> + */
>> +
>> +#include <drm/drm_mm.h>
>> +#include <drm/drm_prime.h>
>> +
>> +#include "amdxdna_cbuf.h"
>> +#include "amdxdna_pci_drv.h"
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * This is a platform debug/bringup feature.
>> + *
>> + * Carveout memory is a chunk of memory which is physically 
>> contiguous and
>> + * is reserved during early boot time. There is only one chunk of 
>> such memory
>> + * per system. Once available, all BOs accessible from device should be
>> + * allocated from this memory.
>> + */
>> +u64 carveout_addr;
>> +module_param(carveout_addr, ullong, 0400);
>> +MODULE_PARM_DESC(carveout_addr, "Physical memory address for 
>> reserved memory chunk");
>> +
>> +u64 carveout_size;
>> +module_param(carveout_size, ullong, 0400);
>> +MODULE_PARM_DESC(carveout_size, "Physical memory size for reserved 
>> memory chunk");
>> +
>> +struct amdxdna_carveout {
>> +    struct drm_mm    mm;
>> +    struct mutex    lock; /* protect mm */
>> +} carveout;
>> +
>> +bool amdxdna_use_carveout(void)
>> +{
>> +    return !!carveout_size;
>> +}
>> +
>> +void amdxdna_carveout_init(void)
>> +{
>> +    if (!amdxdna_use_carveout())
>> +        return;
>> +    mutex_init(&carveout.lock);
>> +    drm_mm_init(&carveout.mm, carveout_addr, carveout_size);
>> +    pr_info("Use carveout mem, addr=0x%llx, size=0x%llx\n", 
>> carveout_addr, carveout_size);
>> +}
>> +
>> +void amdxdna_carveout_fini(void)
>> +{
>> +    if (!amdxdna_use_carveout())
>> +        return;
>> +    drm_mm_takedown(&carveout.mm);
>> +    mutex_destroy(&carveout.lock);
>> +}
>> +
>> +struct amdxdna_cbuf_priv {
>> +    struct drm_mm_node node;
>> +};
>> +
>> +static struct sg_table *amdxdna_cbuf_map(struct dma_buf_attachment 
>> *attach,
>> +                     enum dma_data_direction direction)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_cbuf_priv *cbuf = attach->dmabuf->priv;
>> +    struct device *dev = attach->dev;
>> +    struct scatterlist *sgl, *sg;
>> +    int ret, n_entries, i;
>> +    struct sg_table *sgt;
>> +    dma_addr_t dma_addr;
>> +    size_t dma_size;
>> +    size_t max_seg;
>> +
>> +    sgt = kzalloc_obj(*sgt);
>> +    if (!sgt)
>> +        return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
>> +
>> +    max_seg = min_t(size_t, UINT_MAX, dma_max_mapping_size(dev));
>> +    n_entries = (cbuf->node.size + max_seg - 1) / max_seg;
>> +    sgl = kzalloc_objs(*sg, n_entries);
>> +    if (!sgl) {
>> +        ret = -ENOMEM;
>> +        goto free_sgt;
>> +    }
>> +    sg_init_table(sgl, n_entries);
>> +    sgt->orig_nents = n_entries;
>> +    sgt->nents = n_entries;
>> +    sgt->sgl = sgl;
>> +
>> +    dma_size = cbuf->node.size;
>> +    dma_addr = dma_map_resource(dev, cbuf->node.start, dma_size,
>> +                    direction, DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC);
>> +    ret = dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr);
>> +    if (ret) {
>> +        pr_err("Failed to dma_map_resource carveout dma buf, ret 
>> %d\n", ret);
>> +        goto free_sgl;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    for_each_sgtable_dma_sg(sgt, sg, i) {
>> +        size_t len = min_t(size_t, max_seg, dma_size);
>> +
>> +        sg_dma_address(sg) = dma_addr;
>> +        sg_dma_len(sg) = len;
>> +        dma_addr += len;
>> +        dma_size -= len;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    return sgt;
>> +
>> +free_sgl:
>> +    kfree(sgl);
>> +free_sgt:
>> +    kfree(sgt);
>> +    return ERR_PTR(ret);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void amdxdna_cbuf_unmap(struct dma_buf_attachment *attach,
>> +                   struct sg_table *sgt,
>> +                   enum dma_data_direction direction)
>> +{
>> +    dma_unmap_resource(attach->dev, sg_dma_address(sgt->sgl),
>> +               drm_prime_get_contiguous_size(sgt), direction,
>> +               DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC);
>> +    sg_free_table(sgt);
>> +    kfree(sgt);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void amdxdna_cbuf_release(struct dma_buf *dbuf)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_cbuf_priv *cbuf = dbuf->priv;
>> +
>> +    mutex_lock(&carveout.lock);
>> +    drm_mm_remove_node(&cbuf->node);
>> +    mutex_unlock(&carveout.lock);
>> +
>> +    kfree(cbuf);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static vm_fault_t amdxdna_cbuf_vm_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>> +{
>> +    struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
>> +    struct amdxdna_cbuf_priv *cbuf;
>> +    unsigned long pfn;
>> +    pgoff_t pgoff;
>> +
>> +    cbuf = vma->vm_private_data;
>> +    pgoff = (vmf->address - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
>> +    pfn = (cbuf->node.start >> PAGE_SHIFT) + pgoff;
>> +
>> +    return vmf_insert_pfn(vma, vmf->address, pfn);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static const struct vm_operations_struct amdxdna_cbuf_vm_ops = {
>> +    .fault = amdxdna_cbuf_vm_fault,
>> +};
>> +
>> +static int amdxdna_cbuf_mmap(struct dma_buf *dbuf, struct 
>> vm_area_struct *vma)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_cbuf_priv *cbuf = dbuf->priv;
>> +
>> +    vma->vm_ops = &amdxdna_cbuf_vm_ops;
>> +    vma->vm_private_data = cbuf;
>> +    vm_flags_set(vma, VM_PFNMAP | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP);
>> +
>> +    return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int amdxdna_cbuf_vmap(struct dma_buf *dbuf, struct iosys_map 
>> *map)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_cbuf_priv *cbuf = dbuf->priv;
>> +    void *kva;
>> +
>> +    kva = memremap(cbuf->node.start, cbuf->node.size, MEMREMAP_WB);
>> +    if (!kva) {
>> +        pr_err("Failed to vmap carveout dma buf\n");
>> +        return -ENOMEM;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    iosys_map_set_vaddr(map, kva);
>> +    return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void amdxdna_cbuf_vunmap(struct dma_buf *dbuf, struct 
>> iosys_map *map)
>> +{
>> +    memunmap(map->vaddr);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static const struct dma_buf_ops amdxdna_cbuf_dmabuf_ops = {
>> +    .map_dma_buf = amdxdna_cbuf_map,
>> +    .unmap_dma_buf = amdxdna_cbuf_unmap,
>> +    .release = amdxdna_cbuf_release,
>> +    .mmap = amdxdna_cbuf_mmap,
>> +    .vmap = amdxdna_cbuf_vmap,
>> +    .vunmap = amdxdna_cbuf_vunmap,
>> +};
>> +
>> +static int amdxdna_cbuf_clear(struct dma_buf *dbuf)
>> +{
>> +    struct iosys_map vmap = IOSYS_MAP_INIT_VADDR(NULL);
>> +
>> +    dma_buf_vmap(dbuf, &vmap);
>> +    if (!vmap.vaddr)
>> +        return -EFAULT;
>> +
>> +    memset(vmap.vaddr, 0, dbuf->size);
>> +    dma_buf_vunmap(dbuf, &vmap);
>> +
>> +    return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +struct dma_buf *amdxdna_get_cbuf(struct drm_device *dev, size_t 
>> size, u64 alignment)
>> +{
>> +    DEFINE_DMA_BUF_EXPORT_INFO(exp_info);
>> +    struct amdxdna_cbuf_priv *cbuf;
>> +    struct dma_buf *dbuf;
>> +    int ret;
>> +
>> +    cbuf = kzalloc_obj(*cbuf);
>> +    if (!cbuf)
>> +        return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
>> +
>> +    mutex_lock(&carveout.lock);
>> +    ret = drm_mm_insert_node_generic(&carveout.mm, &cbuf->node, size,
>> +                     alignment, 0, DRM_MM_INSERT_BEST);
>> +    mutex_unlock(&carveout.lock);
>> +    if (ret)
>> +        goto free_cbuf;
>> +
>> +    exp_info.size = size;
>> +    exp_info.ops = &amdxdna_cbuf_dmabuf_ops;
>> +    exp_info.priv = cbuf;
>> +    exp_info.flags = O_RDWR;
>> +    dbuf = dma_buf_export(&exp_info);
>> +    if (IS_ERR(dbuf)) {
>> +        ret = PTR_ERR(dbuf);
>> +        goto remove_node;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    ret = amdxdna_cbuf_clear(dbuf);
>> +    if (ret) {
>> +        dma_buf_put(dbuf);
>> +        goto out;
>> +    }
>> +    return dbuf;
>> +
>> +remove_node:
>> +    drm_mm_remove_node(&cbuf->node);
>> +free_cbuf:
>> +    kfree(cbuf);
>> +out:
>> +    return ERR_PTR(ret);
>> +}
>> diff --git a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.h 
>> b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.h
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..15e189ce779e
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_cbuf.h
>> @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
>> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
>> +/*
>> + * Copyright (C) 2026, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
>> + */
>> +#ifndef _AMDXDNA_CBUF_H_
>> +#define _AMDXDNA_CBUF_H_
>> +
>> +#include <drm/drm_device.h>
>> +#include <linux/dma-buf.h>
>> +
>> +bool amdxdna_use_carveout(void);
>> +void amdxdna_carveout_init(void);
>> +void amdxdna_carveout_fini(void);
>> +struct dma_buf *amdxdna_get_cbuf(struct drm_device *dev, size_t 
>> size, u64 alignment);
>> +
>> +#endif
>> diff --git a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_gem.c 
>> b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_gem.c
>> index 238ee244d4a6..905514ec183c 100644
>> --- a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_gem.c
>> +++ b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_gem.c
>> @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
>>   #include <linux/pagemap.h>
>>   #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
>>   +#include "amdxdna_cbuf.h"
>>   #include "amdxdna_ctx.h"
>>   #include "amdxdna_gem.h"
>>   #include "amdxdna_pci_drv.h"
>> @@ -516,10 +517,6 @@ static void amdxdna_imported_obj_free(struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo)
>>   static inline bool
>>   amdxdna_gem_skip_bo_usage(struct amdxdna_gem_obj *abo)
>>   {
>> -    /* Do not count imported BOs since the buffer is not allocated 
>> by us. */
>> -    if (is_import_bo(abo))
>> -        return true;
>> -
>>       /* Already counted as part of HEAP BO */
>>       if (abo->type == AMDXDNA_BO_DEV)
>>           return true;
>> @@ -571,9 +568,7 @@ static void amdxdna_gem_obj_free(struct 
>> drm_gem_object *gobj)
>>       if (abo->type == AMDXDNA_BO_DEV_HEAP)
>>           drm_mm_takedown(&abo->mm);
>>   -    if (amdxdna_iova_on(xdna))
>> -        amdxdna_iommu_unmap_bo(xdna, abo);
>> -
>> +    amdxdna_dma_unmap_bo(xdna, abo);
>>       amdxdna_gem_vunmap(abo);
>>       mutex_destroy(&abo->lock);
>>   @@ -591,18 +586,20 @@ static int amdxdna_gem_obj_open(struct 
>> drm_gem_object *gobj, struct drm_file *fi
>>         guard(mutex)(&abo->lock);
>>       abo->open_ref++;
>> +    if (abo->open_ref > 1)
>> +        return 0;
>>   -    if (abo->open_ref == 1) {
>> -        /* Attached to the client when first opened by it. */
>> -        abo->client = filp->driver_priv;
>> -        amdxdna_gem_add_bo_usage(abo);
>> -    }
>> -    if (amdxdna_iova_on(xdna)) {
>> -        ret = amdxdna_iommu_map_bo(xdna, abo);
>> +    /* Attached to the client when first opened by it. */
>> +    abo->client = filp->driver_priv;
>> +
>> +    /* No need to set up dma addr mapping in PASID mode. */
>> +    if (!amdxdna_pasid_on(abo->client)) {
>> +        ret = amdxdna_dma_map_bo(xdna, abo);
>>           if (ret)
>>               return ret;
>>       }
>>   +    amdxdna_gem_add_bo_usage(abo);
>>       return 0;
>>   }
>>   @@ -620,6 +617,39 @@ static void amdxdna_gem_obj_close(struct 
>> drm_gem_object *gobj, struct drm_file *
>>       }
>>   }
>>   +static int amdxdna_gem_obj_vmap(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct 
>> iosys_map *map)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_gem_obj *abo = to_xdna_obj(obj);
>> +    int ret;
>> +
>> +    iosys_map_clear(map);
>> +
>> +    dma_resv_assert_held(obj->resv);
>> +
>> +    if (is_import_bo(abo))
>> +        ret = dma_buf_vmap(abo->dma_buf, map);
>> +    else
>> +        ret = drm_gem_shmem_object_vmap(obj, map);
>> +    if (ret)
>> +        return ret;
>> +    if (!map->vaddr)
>> +        return -ENOMEM;
>> +
>> +    return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void amdxdna_gem_obj_vunmap(struct drm_gem_object *obj, 
>> struct iosys_map *map)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_gem_obj *abo = to_xdna_obj(obj);
>> +
>> +    dma_resv_assert_held(obj->resv);
>> +
>> +    if (is_import_bo(abo))
>> +        dma_buf_vunmap(abo->dma_buf, map);
>> +    else
>> +        drm_gem_shmem_object_vunmap(obj, map);
>> +}
>> +
>>   static int amdxdna_gem_dev_obj_vmap(struct drm_gem_object *obj, 
>> struct iosys_map *map)
>>   {
>>       struct amdxdna_gem_obj *abo = to_xdna_obj(obj);
>> @@ -645,8 +675,8 @@ static const struct drm_gem_object_funcs 
>> amdxdna_gem_shmem_funcs = {
>>       .pin = drm_gem_shmem_object_pin,
>>       .unpin = drm_gem_shmem_object_unpin,
>>       .get_sg_table = drm_gem_shmem_object_get_sg_table,
>> -    .vmap = drm_gem_shmem_object_vmap,
>> -    .vunmap = drm_gem_shmem_object_vunmap,
>> +    .vmap = amdxdna_gem_obj_vmap,
>> +    .vunmap = amdxdna_gem_obj_vunmap,
>>       .mmap = amdxdna_gem_obj_mmap,
>>       .vm_ops = &drm_gem_shmem_vm_ops,
>>       .export = amdxdna_gem_prime_export,
>> @@ -714,6 +744,36 @@ amdxdna_gem_create_ubuf_object(struct drm_device 
>> *dev, struct amdxdna_drm_create
>>       return to_xdna_obj(gobj);
>>   }
>>   +static struct amdxdna_gem_obj *
>> +amdxdna_gem_create_cbuf_object(struct drm_device *dev, struct 
>> amdxdna_drm_create_bo *args)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_dev *xdna = to_xdna_dev(dev);
>> +    size_t size = PAGE_ALIGN(args->size);
>> +    struct drm_gem_object *gobj;
>> +    struct amdxdna_gem_obj *ret;
>> +    struct dma_buf *dma_buf;
>> +    u64 align;
>> +
>> +    if (!size) {
>> +        XDNA_ERR(xdna, "Invalid BO size 0x%llx", args->size);
>> +        return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    align = (args->type == AMDXDNA_BO_DEV_HEAP) ? 
>> xdna->dev_info->dev_mem_size : 0;
>> +    dma_buf = amdxdna_get_cbuf(dev, size, align);
>> +    if (IS_ERR(dma_buf))
>> +        return ERR_CAST(dma_buf);
>> +
>> +    gobj = amdxdna_gem_prime_import(dev, dma_buf);
>> +    if (IS_ERR(gobj))
>> +        ret = ERR_CAST(gobj);
>> +    else
>> +        ret = to_xdna_obj(gobj);
>> +
>> +    dma_buf_put(dma_buf);
>> +    return ret;
>> +}
>> +
>>   struct drm_gem_object *
>>   amdxdna_gem_prime_import(struct drm_device *dev, struct dma_buf 
>> *dma_buf)
>>   {
>> @@ -769,6 +829,8 @@ amdxdna_drm_create_share_bo(struct drm_device *dev,
>>         if (args->vaddr)
>>           abo = amdxdna_gem_create_ubuf_object(dev, args);
>> +    else if (amdxdna_use_carveout())
>> +        abo = amdxdna_gem_create_cbuf_object(dev, args);
>>       else
>>           abo = amdxdna_gem_create_shmem_object(dev, args);
>>       if (IS_ERR(abo))
>> @@ -884,7 +946,6 @@ int amdxdna_drm_create_bo_ioctl(struct drm_device 
>> *dev, void *data, struct drm_f
>>            args->type, args->vaddr, args->size, args->flags);
>>       switch (args->type) {
>>       case AMDXDNA_BO_CMD:
>> -        fallthrough;
>>       case AMDXDNA_BO_SHARE:
>>           abo = amdxdna_drm_create_share_bo(dev, args, filp);
>>           break;
>> diff --git a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_iommu.c 
>> b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_iommu.c
>> index 5a9f06183487..eff00131d0f8 100644
>> --- a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_iommu.c
>> +++ b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_iommu.c
>> @@ -35,14 +35,15 @@ static struct iova 
>> *amdxdna_iommu_alloc_iova(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna,
>>       return iova;
>>   }
>>   -int amdxdna_iommu_map_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo)
>> +int amdxdna_dma_map_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo)
>>   {
>> +    unsigned long contig_sz;
>>       struct sg_table *sgt;
>>       dma_addr_t dma_addr;
>>       struct iova *iova;
>>       ssize_t size;
>>   -    if (abo->type != AMDXDNA_BO_DEV_HEAP && abo->type != 
>> AMDXDNA_BO_SHMEM)
>> +    if (abo->type != AMDXDNA_BO_DEV_HEAP && abo->type != 
>> AMDXDNA_BO_SHARE)
>>           return 0;
>>         sgt = drm_gem_shmem_get_pages_sgt(&abo->base);
>> @@ -51,47 +52,63 @@ int amdxdna_iommu_map_bo(struct amdxdna_dev 
>> *xdna, struct amdxdna_gem_obj *abo)
>>           return PTR_ERR(sgt);
>>       }
>>   -    if (!sgt->orig_nents || !sg_page(sgt->sgl)) {
>> -        XDNA_ERR(xdna, "sgl is zero length or not page backed");
>> +    if (!sgt->orig_nents) {
>> +        XDNA_ERR(xdna, "sgl is zero length");
>>           return -EOPNOTSUPP;
>>       }
>>   -    iova = amdxdna_iommu_alloc_iova(xdna, abo->mem.size, &dma_addr,
>> -                    (abo->type == AMDXDNA_BO_DEV_HEAP));
>> -    if (IS_ERR(iova)) {
>> -        XDNA_ERR(xdna, "Alloc iova failed, ret %ld", PTR_ERR(iova));
>> -        return PTR_ERR(iova);
>> +    if (amdxdna_iova_on(xdna)) {
>> +        if (!sg_page(sgt->sgl)) {
>> +            XDNA_ERR(xdna, "sgl is not page backed");
>> +            return -EOPNOTSUPP;
>> +        }
>> +
>> +        iova = amdxdna_iommu_alloc_iova(xdna, abo->mem.size, &dma_addr,
>> +                        (abo->type == AMDXDNA_BO_DEV_HEAP));
>> +        if (IS_ERR(iova)) {
>> +            XDNA_ERR(xdna, "Alloc iova failed, ret %ld", 
>> PTR_ERR(iova));
>> +            return PTR_ERR(iova);
>> +        }
>> +
>> +        size = iommu_map_sgtable(xdna->domain, dma_addr, sgt,
>> +                     IOMMU_READ | IOMMU_WRITE);
>> +        if (size < 0) {
>> +            XDNA_ERR(xdna, "iommu_map_sgtable failed: %zd", size);
>> +            __free_iova(&xdna->iovad, iova);
>> +            return size;
>> +        }
>> +        if (size < abo->mem.size) {
>> +            iommu_unmap(xdna->domain, dma_addr, size);
>> +            __free_iova(&xdna->iovad, iova);
>> +            return -ENXIO;
>> +        }
>> +        abo->mem.dma_addr = dma_addr;
>> +    } else {
>> +        /* Device doesn't support scatter/gather list, fail 
>> non-contiguous mapping. */
>> +        contig_sz = drm_prime_get_contiguous_size(sgt);
>> +        if (contig_sz < abo->mem.size) {
>> +            XDNA_ERR(xdna,
>> +                 "noncontiguous dma addr, contig size:%ld, expected 
>> size:%ld",
>> +                 contig_sz, abo->mem.size);
>> +            return -EINVAL;
>> +        }
>> +        abo->mem.dma_addr = sg_dma_address(sgt->sgl);
>>       }
>> -
>> -    size = iommu_map_sgtable(xdna->domain, dma_addr, sgt,
>> -                 IOMMU_READ | IOMMU_WRITE);
>> -    if (size < 0) {
>> -        XDNA_ERR(xdna, "iommu_map_sgtable failed: %zd", size);
>> -        __free_iova(&xdna->iovad, iova);
>> -        return size;
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    if (size < abo->mem.size) {
>> -        iommu_unmap(xdna->domain, dma_addr, size);
>> -        __free_iova(&xdna->iovad, iova);
>> -        return -ENXIO;
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    abo->mem.dma_addr = dma_addr;
>> -
>>       return 0;
>>   }
>>   -void amdxdna_iommu_unmap_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo)
>> +void amdxdna_dma_unmap_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo)
>>   {
>>       size_t size;
>>         if (abo->mem.dma_addr == AMDXDNA_INVALID_ADDR)
>>           return;
>>   -    size = iova_align(&xdna->iovad, abo->mem.size);
>> -    iommu_unmap(xdna->domain, abo->mem.dma_addr, size);
>> -    free_iova(&xdna->iovad, iova_pfn(&xdna->iovad, abo->mem.dma_addr));
>> +    if (amdxdna_iova_on(xdna)) {
>> +        size = iova_align(&xdna->iovad, abo->mem.size);
>> +        iommu_unmap(xdna->domain, abo->mem.dma_addr, size);
>> +        free_iova(&xdna->iovad, iova_pfn(&xdna->iovad, 
>> abo->mem.dma_addr));
>> +    }
>>       abo->mem.dma_addr = AMDXDNA_INVALID_ADDR;
>>   }
>>   diff --git a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.c 
>> b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.c
>> index 21eddfc538d0..b8c5dbc12489 100644
>> --- a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.c
>> +++ b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.c
>> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
>>   #include <linux/iommu.h>
>>   #include <linux/pci.h>
>>   +#include "amdxdna_cbuf.h"
>>   #include "amdxdna_ctx.h"
>>   #include "amdxdna_gem.h"
>>   #include "amdxdna_pci_drv.h"
>> @@ -67,11 +68,40 @@ static const struct amdxdna_device_id 
>> amdxdna_ids[] = {
>>       {0}
>>   };
>>   +static int amdxdna_sva_init(struct amdxdna_client *client)
>> +{
>> +    struct amdxdna_dev *xdna = client->xdna;
>> +
>> +    client->sva = iommu_sva_bind_device(xdna->ddev.dev, client->mm);
>> +    if (IS_ERR(client->sva)) {
>> +        XDNA_ERR(xdna, "SVA bind device failed, ret %ld", 
>> PTR_ERR(client->sva));
>> +        return PTR_ERR(client->sva);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    client->pasid = iommu_sva_get_pasid(client->sva);
>> +    if (client->pasid == IOMMU_PASID_INVALID) {
>> +        iommu_sva_unbind_device(client->sva);
>> +        XDNA_ERR(xdna, "SVA get pasid failed");
>> +        return -ENODEV;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void amdxdna_sva_fini(struct amdxdna_client *client)
>> +{
>> +    if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(client->sva))
>> +        return;
>> +
>> +    iommu_sva_unbind_device(client->sva);
>> +    client->sva = NULL;
>> +    client->pasid = IOMMU_PASID_INVALID;
>> +}
>> +
>>   static int amdxdna_drm_open(struct drm_device *ddev, struct 
>> drm_file *filp)
>>   {
>>       struct amdxdna_dev *xdna = to_xdna_dev(ddev);
>>       struct amdxdna_client *client;
>> -    int ret;
>>         client = kzalloc_obj(*client);
>>       if (!client)
>> @@ -80,22 +110,13 @@ static int amdxdna_drm_open(struct drm_device 
>> *ddev, struct drm_file *filp)
>>       client->pid = pid_nr(rcu_access_pointer(filp->pid));
>>       client->xdna = xdna;
>>       client->pasid = IOMMU_PASID_INVALID;
>> +    client->mm = current->mm;
>>         if (!amdxdna_iova_on(xdna)) {
>> -        client->sva = iommu_sva_bind_device(xdna->ddev.dev, 
>> current->mm);
>> -        if (IS_ERR(client->sva)) {
>> -            ret = PTR_ERR(client->sva);
>> -            XDNA_ERR(xdna, "SVA bind device failed, ret %d", ret);
>> -            goto failed;
>> -        }
>> -        client->pasid = iommu_sva_get_pasid(client->sva);
>> -        if (client->pasid == IOMMU_PASID_INVALID) {
>> -            XDNA_ERR(xdna, "SVA get pasid failed");
>> -            ret = -ENODEV;
>> -            goto unbind_sva;
>> -        }
>> +        /* No need to fail open since user may use pa + carveout 
>> later. */
>> +        if (amdxdna_sva_init(client))
>> +            XDNA_WARN(xdna, "PASID not available for pid %d", 
>> client->pid);
>>       }
>> -    client->mm = current->mm;
>>       mmgrab(client->mm);
>>       init_srcu_struct(&client->hwctx_srcu);
>>       xa_init_flags(&client->hwctx_xa, XA_FLAGS_ALLOC);
>> @@ -110,14 +131,6 @@ static int amdxdna_drm_open(struct drm_device 
>> *ddev, struct drm_file *filp)
>>         XDNA_DBG(xdna, "pid %d opened", client->pid);
>>       return 0;
>> -
>> -unbind_sva:
>> -    if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(client->sva))
>> -        iommu_sva_unbind_device(client->sva);
>> -failed:
>> -    kfree(client);
>> -
>> -    return ret;
>>   }
>>     static void amdxdna_client_cleanup(struct amdxdna_client *client)
>> @@ -131,11 +144,8 @@ static void amdxdna_client_cleanup(struct 
>> amdxdna_client *client)
>>           drm_gem_object_put(to_gobj(client->dev_heap));
>>         mutex_destroy(&client->mm_lock);
>> -
>> -    if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(client->sva))
>> -        iommu_sva_unbind_device(client->sva);
>>       mmdrop(client->mm);
>> -
>> +    amdxdna_sva_fini(client);
>>       kfree(client);
>>   }
>>   @@ -242,15 +252,17 @@ static void amdxdna_show_fdinfo(struct 
>> drm_printer *p, struct drm_file *filp)
>>         /*
>>        * Note for driver specific BO memory usage stat.
>> -     * Total memory alloc = amdxdna-internal-alloc + 
>> amdxdna-external-alloc
>> +     * Total memory in use = amdxdna-internal-alloc + 
>> amdxdna-external-alloc, which
>> +     * includes both imported and created BOs. To avoid double 
>> counts, it includes
>> +     * HEAP BO, but not DEV BO. DEV BO is counted by 
>> amdxdna-heap-alloc.
>>        */
>>       drm_fdinfo_print_size(p, drv_name, "heap", "alloc", heap_usage);
>>       drm_fdinfo_print_size(p, drv_name, "internal", "alloc", 
>> internal_usage);
>>       drm_fdinfo_print_size(p, drv_name, "external", "alloc", 
>> external_usage);
>>       /*
>>        * Note for DRM standard BO memory stat.
>> -     * drm-total-memory counts both DEV BO and HEAP BO
>> -     * drm-shared-memory counts BO imported
>> +     * drm-total-memory counts both DEV BO and HEAP BO. The DEV BO 
>> size is double counted.
>> +     * drm-shared-memory counts BO shared with other processes/devices.
>>        */
>>       drm_show_memory_stats(p, filp);
>>   }
>> @@ -420,7 +432,26 @@ static struct pci_driver amdxdna_pci_driver = {
>>       .sriov_configure = amdxdna_sriov_configure,
>>   };
>>   -module_pci_driver(amdxdna_pci_driver);
>> +static int __init amdxdna_mod_init(void)
>> +{
>> +    int ret;
>> +
>> +    amdxdna_carveout_init();
>> +    ret = pci_register_driver(&amdxdna_pci_driver);
>> +    if (ret)
>> +        amdxdna_carveout_fini();
>> +
>> +    return ret;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void __exit amdxdna_mod_exit(void)
>> +{
>> +    pci_unregister_driver(&amdxdna_pci_driver);
>> +    amdxdna_carveout_fini();
>> +}
>> +
>> +module_init(amdxdna_mod_init);
>> +module_exit(amdxdna_mod_exit);
>>     MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
>>   MODULE_IMPORT_NS("AMD_PMF");
>> diff --git a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.h 
>> b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.h
>> index bdd0dc83f92e..07bd38281452 100644
>> --- a/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.h
>> +++ b/drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_pci_drv.h
>> @@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ void amdxdna_sysfs_fini(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna);
>>     int amdxdna_iommu_init(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna);
>>   void amdxdna_iommu_fini(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna);
>> -int amdxdna_iommu_map_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo);
>> -void amdxdna_iommu_unmap_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo);
>>   void *amdxdna_iommu_alloc(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, size_t size, 
>> dma_addr_t *dma_addr);
>>   void amdxdna_iommu_free(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, size_t size,
>>               void *cpu_addr, dma_addr_t dma_addr);
>> +int amdxdna_dma_map_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo);
>> +void amdxdna_dma_unmap_bo(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna, struct 
>> amdxdna_gem_obj *abo);
>>     static inline bool amdxdna_iova_on(struct amdxdna_dev *xdna)
>>   {
>