Re: [PATCH v23 2/8] Documentation: userspace-api: Add shadow stack API documentation

[Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>]

On 12/18/25 12:10 AM, Mark Brown wrote:
> There are a number of architectures with shadow stack features which we are
> presenting to userspace with as consistent an API as we can (though there
> are some architecture specifics). Especially given that there are some
> important considerations for userspace code interacting directly with the
> feature let's provide some documentation covering the common aspects.
> 
> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
> Tested-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
> Acked-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
> Acked-by: Yury Khrustalev <yury.khrustalev@arm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Deepak Gupta <debug@rivosinc.com>
> Tested-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
> ---
>  Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst        |  1 +
>  Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 45 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst
> index 8a61ac4c1bf1..64b0099ee161 100644
> --- a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst
> @@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ Everything else
>     ELF
>     liveupdate
>     netlink/index
> +   shadow_stack
>     sysfs-platform_profile
>     vduse
>     futex2
> diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..42617d0470ba
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +=============
> +Shadow Stacks
> +=============
> +
> +Introduction
> +============
> +
> +Several architectures have features which provide backward edge
> +control flow protection through a hardware maintained stack, only
> +writable by userspace through very limited operations.  This feature
> +is referred to as shadow stacks on Linux, on x86 it is part of Intel
> +Control Enforcement Technology (CET), on arm64 it is Guarded Control
> +Stacks feature (FEAT_GCS) and for RISC-V it is the Zicfiss extension.
> +It is expected that this feature will normally be managed by the
> +system dynamic linker and libc in ways broadly transparent to
> +application code, this document covers interfaces and considerations.
> +
> +
> +Enabling
> +========
> +
> +Shadow stacks default to disabled when a userspace process is
> +executed, they can be enabled for the current thread with a syscall:
> +
> + - For x86 the ARCH_SHSTK_ENABLE arch_prctl()
> + - For other architectures the PR_SET_SHADOW_STACK_ENABLE prctl()
> +
> +It is expected that this will normally be done by the dynamic linker.
> +Any new threads created by a thread with shadow stacks enabled will
> +themselves have shadow stacks enabled.
> +
> +
> +Enablement considerations
> +=========================
> +
> +- Returning from the function that enables shadow stacks without first
> +  disabling them will cause a shadow stack exception.  This includes
> +  any syscall wrapper or other library functions, the syscall will need
> +  to be inlined.
> +- A lock feature allows userspace to prevent disabling of shadow stacks.
> +- Those that change the stack context like longjmp() or use of ucontext

     Those <what>?  maybe syscalls, library calls, specific functon calls?

> +  changes on signal return will need support from libc.
> 

-- 
~Randy