From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from casper.infradead.org (casper.infradead.org [90.155.50.34]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C2CC63E9C25 for ; Fri, 22 May 2026 11:41:50 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=90.155.50.34 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1779450116; cv=none; b=WPUCB0awXnnXcpgndvwNoDh4m8TDRY+Riop+a2QHEPofsEVAklqwt+iMyvWsoLYeAj34Ad7Rr5a6BtCnvLqOOdjV7Vsw3K8bva0MSs25y3GuqGRVBR29hKgw16eUxs1VA+0BnRpiZnSTy3LXvI8ctWOLbpNdiV1HcLamKNT939o= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1779450116; c=relaxed/simple; bh=xu7XkzYFlyVbsCs+nlMbeyEfvu7lAhtiLkB78pgk3e0=; h=Message-ID:Subject:From:To:Date:In-Reply-To:References: Content-Type:MIME-Version; b=ECqaqWYj2kYDD+xQkQUTangLLOj+iq3y17b/YGX5yC5rw5QMHveQBA2wLOWV9t4/1eMnRthyuA+KVSbfA5OiokvGgNdZFqG8SkGTAl+Bk4Jt7JmnB6gn3z4u+RjpSIL8hpRPT179MSZ3MeLdgdtOaEiQgz+4wpZyp9ex91wPupY= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=infradead.org; spf=none smtp.mailfrom=casper.srs.infradead.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=infradead.org header.i=@infradead.org header.b=HjocDsfG; arc=none smtp.client-ip=90.155.50.34 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=infradead.org Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=none smtp.mailfrom=casper.srs.infradead.org Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=infradead.org header.i=@infradead.org header.b="HjocDsfG" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=infradead.org; s=casper.20170209; h=MIME-Version:Content-Type:References: In-Reply-To:Date:To:From:Subject:Message-ID:Sender:Reply-To:Cc: Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-ID:Content-Description; bh=A+By5dp8phA7goz21v4aHIgj8K+vt2yzOQ3s9GMxEdQ=; b=HjocDsfGHYZVTcZfDa4QKBYSZU 37aBzvcN6qN/i5OJmK09LosVsevyq+dwNOQ81ATahu0fbqYzUUKmcwvW8slvHSfRuO5TzcwyzsXIW smpvdBeLcVUxV5dVKwYMK15jFmI0C3nPm6kcQ+MRO6uAqNp95vxpXtUyeGlcnS08J1GNso46/eySs CTlEao6puudsYunlWp5z0tsKe45OLs3lDRlNhJbPiltwVVAzy9kIhCLAZRZQmqVc5gRLKMVpL7l4U 6i8k3H4fV0QJUbGKaukgfNgw01v99e0y0bry/A1fg5LkVBsEXFtQNf7FcZkenBtG3RZ9jEMxb7jWz eY9M/uCg==; Received: from 54-240-197-238.amazon.com ([54.240.197.238] helo=freeip.amazon.com) by casper.infradead.org with esmtpsa (Exim 4.99.1 #2 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1wQOG0-0000000A1o2-0RHL; Fri, 22 May 2026 11:41:36 +0000 Message-ID: Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v3 02/10] timekeeping: Remove xtime_remainder from ntp_error accumulation From: David Woodhouse To: Richard Cochran , Wen Gu , Andrew Lunn , "David S. Miller" , Eric Dumazet , Jakub Kicinski , Paolo Abeni , John Stultz , Thomas Gleixner , Stephen Boyd , Anna-Maria Behnsen , Frederic Weisbecker , Shuah Khan , Peter Zijlstra , Thomas =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Wei=DFschuh?= , Arnd Bergmann , Miroslav Lichvar , Julien Ridoux , Ryan Luu , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 12:41:34 +0100 In-Reply-To: <20260520135207.37826-3-dwmw2@infradead.org> References: <20260520135207.37826-1-dwmw2@infradead.org> <20260520135207.37826-3-dwmw2@infradead.org> Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg="sha-256"; protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"; boundary="=-y/3G8+3xTG46+uBJqZO9" User-Agent: Evolution 3.52.3-0ubuntu1.1 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-SRS-Rewrite: SMTP reverse-path rewritten from by casper.infradead.org. See http://www.infradead.org/rpr.html --=-y/3G8+3xTG46+uBJqZO9 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Wed, 2026-05-20 at 14:33 +0100, David Woodhouse wrote: > From: David Woodhouse >=20 > The ntp_error accumulator tracks the difference between the time actually > reported to consumers in xtime, and the *intended* time. The former is > subject to a sawtooth effect due to the quantisation of 'mult', which > means that it actually advances by 'xtime_interval' each tick, while > the intended clock advances by 'ntp_tick'. >=20 > By dithering between adjacent integer values of 'mult' which result in > an 'xtime_interval' slightly higher/lower than the intended tick length, > the advancement of xtime is kept on average to the intended rate. >=20 > The accounting should therefore adjust ntp_error by adding ntp_tick and > subtracting xtime_interval on each tick. >=20 > Since commit a386b5af8edd ("time: Compensate for rounding on > odd-frequency clocksources") the value subtracted has been > (xtime_interval + xtime_remainder), which is wrong. The effect is a > systematic drift whose magnitude depends on the value of xtime_remainder > and the NTP frequency correction. NTP masks this by continuously > adjusting the frequency to compensate, but with a fixed frequency (or an > external reference clock like vmclock), the drift is exposed. >=20 > The value of xtime_remainder actually does represent the difference > between the tick period and xtime_interval, so simply adding it instead > of (+ tick length - xtime_remainder) might have made sense... except > that it's only calculated once at boot time, so it's inaccurate anyway. > So just kill it with fire. >=20 > Also remove it from the mult computation in timekeeping_adjust(), which > used it to offset the division for the same (incorrect) reason. >=20 > Fixes: a386b5af8edd ("time: Compensate for rounding on odd-frequency cloc= ksources") > Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse > Assisted-by: Kiro:claude-opus-4.6-1m Hi John, I note you skipped this one and acked some of the rest of the series. Do you have concerns? This is the key change: > @@ -2463,8 +2462,7 @@ static u64 logarithmic_accumulation(struct timekeep= er *tk, u64 offset, > =C2=A0 > =C2=A0 /* Accumulate error between NTP and clock interval */ > =C2=A0 tk->ntp_error +=3D tk->ntp_tick << shift; > - tk->ntp_error -=3D (tk->xtime_interval + tk->xtime_remainder) << > - (tk->ntp_error_shift + shift); > + tk->ntp_error -=3D tk->xtime_interval << (tk->ntp_error_shift + shift); > =C2=A0 > =C2=A0 return offset; > =C2=A0} We discussed this a bit, and as far as I could tell we were in violent agreement. The NTP code wants the time to advance by tk->ntp_tick in each tick, but it actually only advances by tk->xtime_interval. They differ due to the quantization error; tk->xtime_interval is the precise multiple of the value selected for 'mult' for the tick that is being accounted. Therefore, ntp_error needs to accumulate the difference between the two. Which used to be called 'xtime_remainder'. By adding ntp_tick and subtracting xtime_interval, the code above *is* accumulating precisely that difference. It doesn't need to *also* subtract the value of 'xtime_remainder' again, as it did before. That would actually render the whole adjustment a no-op. Ignoring units, for brevity: Given that=C2=B9: ntp_tick =3D xtime_interval + xtime_remainder These are therefore equivalent: ntp_error +=3D xtime_remainder ntp_error +=3D ntp_tick - xtime_interval And *this*, as we currently have in our tree, is a no-op: ntp_error +=3D ntp_tick - (xtime_interval + xtime_remainder) =C2=B9 well... it *would* be precisely a no-op if xtime_remainder was actually kept accurate and it *was* the delta between ntp_tick and xtime_interval at any given moment. In fact it's calculated once at boot and never updated, so the net effect of the whole adjustment which is being modified in the patch hunk above... is to repeatedly add a tiny bit of error *instead* of the intended adjustment? I'm reading back your messages and trying to work out if you were trying to tell me that this stale boot time value of xtime_remainder is somehow actually doing something sane... but I don't believe so? I've debugged this by adding *absolute* tracking of the 'intended' times which I called =E2=80=A2 B: xtime+ntp_error (where NTP wants us to be right now) =E2=80=A2 C: xtime_ntp_error+time_offset (where NTP wants to skew to *even= tually*) With the fixes in this series, the per-tick sanity checks that ntp_error=3D=3DB-xtime, and time_offset=3D=3DC-B are all passing. I'm confident, both based on code analysis and empirical testing, that the changes here are correct. I can now invoke the 'timekeeping_set_reference' proof of concept which sets tick_length and ntp_error+time_offset to ask the kernel to follow a specific line, and watch the core timekeeping *clamp* to it and follow it with basically 0ns jitter; occasionally showing 1ns as the inter-tick jitter due to 'mult' dithering shows up. --=-y/3G8+3xTG46+uBJqZO9 Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature; name="smime.p7s" Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="smime.p7s" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExDzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFADCABgkqhkiG9w0BBwEAAKCCD9Aw ggSOMIIDdqADAgECAhAOmiw0ECVD4cWj5DqVrT9PMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGUxCzAJBgNVBAYT AlVTMRUwEwYDVQQKEwxEaWdpQ2VydCBJbmMxGTAXBgNVBAsTEHd3dy5kaWdpY2VydC5jb20xJDAi BgNVBAMTG0RpZ2lDZXJ0IEFzc3VyZWQgSUQgUm9vdCBDQTAeFw0yNDAxMzAwMDAwMDBaFw0zMTEx MDkyMzU5NTlaMEExCzAJBgNVBAYTAkFVMRAwDgYDVQQKEwdWZXJva2V5MSAwHgYDVQQDExdWZXJv a2V5IFNlY3VyZSBFbWFpbCBHMjCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMjvgLKj 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