[RFC PATCH v2 1/1] ALSA: virtio: stage VZ capture and restart paused streams

[Joonho Lee <mynameisjune111@gmail.com>]

Add opt-in capture staging with response validation and accounting.
Add a pause release/reprepare state machine for the VZ profile.

Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Joonho Lee <mynameisjune111@gmail.com>
---
 sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.c     |  93 ++++-
 sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.h     |  68 ++++
 sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_msg.c | 286 ++++++++++++-
 sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_ops.c | 734 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 1151 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.c b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.c
index be3893de40a5..a3478fc8848d 100644
--- a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.c
@@ -310,8 +310,94 @@ static void virtsnd_pcm_period_elapsed(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss =
 		container_of(work, struct virtio_pcm_substream, elapsed_period);
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = vss->substream;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+	size_t period_bytes;
+	u64 period_floor;
+	u64 snapshot;
+	bool staged_capture;
+	bool paused_xrun = false;
+	bool notify = false;
+	bool requeue = false;
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		staged_capture = vss->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE &&
+				 vss->capture_staging;
+	}
+
+	if (!staged_capture) {
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(substream);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Serialize the pointer snapshot with ALSA's pointer and ACK callbacks. */
+	guard(pcm_stream_lock_irqsave)(substream);
+	if (!snd_pcm_running(substream)) {
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			runtime = substream->runtime;
+			paused_xrun = runtime &&
+				      runtime->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED &&
+				      vss->runtime_active && vss->xfer_xrun;
+		}
+		if (paused_xrun) {
+			/* Wake readers without sending STOP for a paused stream. */
+			snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		runtime = substream->runtime;
+		if (!vss->runtime_active ||
+		    (!vss->xfer_enabled && !vss->xfer_xrun) || !runtime)
+			return;
+
+		period_bytes = snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(substream);
+		if (vss->xfer_xrun) {
+			notify = true;
+		} else if (!period_bytes || period_bytes >= vss->buffer_bytes ||
+			   !virtsnd_pcm_capture_counters_valid(vss) ||
+			   vss->capture_notified_periods >
+				vss->capture_copied_total / period_bytes) {
+			vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+			notify = true;
+		} else {
+			period_floor = vss->capture_copied_total / period_bytes;
+			if (period_floor > vss->capture_notified_periods) {
+				/* Reserve crossed boundaries before the callback. */
+				vss->capture_notified_periods = period_floor;
+				notify = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (notify) {
+			snapshot = vss->capture_copied_total;
+			vss->capture_callback_snapshot = snapshot;
+			vss->capture_callback_snapshot_active = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!notify)
+		return;
+
+	/* Pin the callback position while completions keep updating actual totals. */
+	snd_pcm_period_elapsed_under_stream_lock(substream);
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		vss->capture_callback_snapshot_active = false;
+		vss->capture_callback_snapshot = 0;
+		if (vss->runtime_active && vss->xfer_enabled &&
+		    !vss->xfer_xrun && substream->runtime) {
+			period_bytes = snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(substream);
+			if (period_bytes &&
+			    vss->capture_copied_total / period_bytes >
+				vss->capture_notified_periods)
+				requeue = true;
+		}
+	}
 
-	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(vss->substream);
+	if (requeue)
+		schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -517,8 +603,11 @@ void virtsnd_pcm_event(struct virtio_snd *snd, struct virtio_snd_event *event)
 		break;
 	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_PCM_XRUN:
 		scoped_guard(spinlock, &vss->lock) {
-			if (vss->xfer_enabled)
+			if (vss->xfer_enabled) {
 				vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+				if (vss->capture_staging)
+					schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+			}
 		}
 		break;
 	}
diff --git a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.h b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.h
index 61faf7b13cbc..e143a15592f0 100644
--- a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.h
+++ b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm.h
@@ -15,6 +15,22 @@ struct virtio_pcm;
 struct virtio_pcm_msg;
 struct page;
 
+enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state {
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_NONE,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_CONFIGURED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_SET_PARAMS_SUBMITTED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARE_SUBMITTED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_START_SUBMITTED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOP_SUBMITTED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SUBMITTED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SENT,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED,
+	VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED,
+};
+
 /**
  * struct virtio_pcm_substream - VirtIO PCM substream.
  * @snd: VirtIO sound device.
@@ -30,12 +46,24 @@ struct page;
  *        substream operators, including @stopped.
  * @buffer_bytes: Current buffer size in bytes.
  * @hw_ptr: Substream hardware pointer value in bytes [0 ... buffer_bytes).
+ * @capture_ready: Captured bytes copied but not yet acknowledged by ALSA.
+ * @capture_copied_total: Monotonic bytes copied into the capture ring.
+ * @capture_acked_total: Monotonic bytes acknowledged by the capture client.
+ * @capture_pointer_seen_total: Last capture position sampled by ALSA.
+ * @capture_notified_periods: Highest full-period boundary reserved for notify.
+ * @capture_callback_snapshot: Capture position fixed for the period callback.
+ * @capture_callback_snapshot_active: The callback must use its fixed position.
+ * @runtime_active: ALSA runtime buffer may be accessed by the staged path.
+ * @capture_staging: Capture uses request-owned payload buffers.
+ * @capture_started: Non-empty capture data was received since prepare.
+ * @capture_empty: Consecutive empty startup completions.
  * @xfer_enabled: Data transfer state (0 - off, 1 - on).
  * @xfer_xrun: Data underflow/overflow state (0 - no xrun, 1 - xrun).
  * @stopped: True if the substream is stopped and must be released on the device
  *           side; protected by @lock.
  * @suspended: True if the substream is suspended and must be reconfigured on
  *             the device side at resume.
+ * @pause_restart_state: Device-side state for opt-in pause compatibility.
  * @msgs: Allocated I/O messages.
  * @nmsgs: Number of allocated I/O messages.
  * @msg_count: Number of pending I/O messages in the virtqueue.
@@ -58,10 +86,22 @@ struct virtio_pcm_substream {
 	spinlock_t lock;
 	size_t buffer_bytes;
 	size_t hw_ptr;
+	size_t capture_ready;
+	u64 capture_copied_total;
+	u64 capture_acked_total;
+	u64 capture_pointer_seen_total;
+	u64 capture_notified_periods;
+	u64 capture_callback_snapshot;
+	bool capture_callback_snapshot_active;
+	bool runtime_active;
+	bool capture_staging;
+	bool capture_started;
+	unsigned int capture_empty;
 	bool xfer_enabled;
 	bool xfer_xrun;
 	bool stopped;
 	bool suspended;
+	enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state pause_restart_state;
 	struct virtio_pcm_msg **msgs;
 	unsigned int nmsgs;
 	unsigned int msg_count;
@@ -74,6 +114,27 @@ struct virtio_pcm_substream {
 	wait_queue_head_t msg_empty;
 };
 
+/*
+ * ALSA may observe a subperiod tail before its period callback. Keep actual
+ * unread occupancy separate from pointer observations and notification state.
+ */
+static inline bool
+virtsnd_pcm_capture_counters_valid(const struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	return vss->buffer_bytes &&
+	       vss->capture_copied_total >= vss->capture_acked_total &&
+	       vss->capture_copied_total - vss->capture_acked_total ==
+			(u64)vss->capture_ready &&
+	       vss->capture_ready < vss->buffer_bytes &&
+	       vss->capture_pointer_seen_total <= vss->capture_copied_total &&
+	       vss->hw_ptr == vss->capture_copied_total % vss->buffer_bytes &&
+	       (!vss->capture_callback_snapshot_active ||
+		(vss->capture_callback_snapshot >=
+			vss->capture_pointer_seen_total &&
+		 vss->capture_callback_snapshot <=
+			vss->capture_copied_total));
+}
+
 /**
  * struct virtio_pcm_stream - VirtIO PCM stream.
  * @substreams: VirtIO substreams belonging to the stream.
@@ -104,6 +165,11 @@ struct virtio_pcm {
 
 extern const struct snd_pcm_ops virtsnd_pcm_ops[];
 
+extern bool virtsnd_capture_staging;
+extern bool virtsnd_capture_packed_status;
+extern bool virtsnd_capture_allow_short;
+extern bool virtsnd_capture_allow_empty;
+
 int virtsnd_pcm_validate(struct virtio_device *vdev);
 
 int virtsnd_pcm_parse_cfg(struct virtio_snd *snd);
@@ -127,6 +193,8 @@ virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
 int virtsnd_pcm_msg_alloc(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
 			  unsigned int periods, unsigned int period_bytes);
 
+int virtsnd_pcm_capture_send(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss);
+
 void virtsnd_pcm_msg_free(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss);
 
 void virtsnd_pcm_msg_reset(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss);
diff --git a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_msg.c b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_msg.c
index b54642a9521d..795e52e09564 100644
--- a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_msg.c
+++ b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_msg.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <linux/limits.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/overflow.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <sound/pcm_params.h>
 
 #include "virtio_card.h"
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@
  * @xfer: Request header payload.
  * @status: Response header payload.
  * @length: Data length in bytes.
+ * @data: Request-owned payload for staged capture.
  * @data_offset: Offset in the driver-owned PCM buffer on NOMMU systems.
  * @sgs: Payload scatter-gather table.
  */
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ struct virtio_pcm_msg {
 	struct virtio_snd_pcm_xfer xfer;
 	struct virtio_snd_pcm_status status;
 	size_t length;
+	u8 *data;
 #ifndef CONFIG_MMU
 	size_t data_offset;
 #endif
@@ -228,6 +231,8 @@ int virtsnd_pcm_msg_alloc(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
 	if (check_mul_overflow((size_t)periods, (size_t)period_bytes,
 			       &buffer_bytes))
 		return -EOVERFLOW;
+	if (vss->capture_staging && periods < 2)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (!vss->substream || !vss->substream->runtime)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -236,14 +241,19 @@ int virtsnd_pcm_msg_alloc(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
-	rc = virtsnd_pcm_dma_pages_get(vss, runtime->dma_area, buffer_bytes);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
+	if (!vss->capture_staging) {
+		rc = virtsnd_pcm_dma_pages_get(vss, runtime->dma_area,
+					       buffer_bytes);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
 #else
-	vss->owned_dma_area = kzalloc(buffer_bytes, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!vss->owned_dma_area)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	vss->owned_dma_bytes = buffer_bytes;
+	if (!vss->capture_staging) {
+		vss->owned_dma_area = kzalloc(buffer_bytes, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!vss->owned_dma_area)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		vss->owned_dma_bytes = buffer_bytes;
+	}
 #endif
 
 	vss->msgs = kzalloc_objs(*vss->msgs, periods);
@@ -255,27 +265,42 @@ int virtsnd_pcm_msg_alloc(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
 	vss->nmsgs = periods;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < periods; ++i) {
-		int sg_num;
 		struct virtio_pcm_msg *msg;
 		u8 *data;
+		int sg_num;
+
+		if (vss->capture_staging) {
+			data = vzalloc(period_bytes);
+		} else {
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
-		data = runtime->dma_area + (size_t)period_bytes * i;
+			data = runtime->dma_area + (size_t)period_bytes * i;
 #else
-		data = vss->owned_dma_area + (size_t)period_bytes * i;
+			data = vss->owned_dma_area + (size_t)period_bytes * i;
 #endif
+		}
+		if (!data) {
+			rc = -ENOMEM;
+			goto err_free_msgs;
+		}
+
 		sg_num = virtsnd_pcm_sg_num(data, period_bytes);
 		if (sg_num < 0) {
+			if (vss->capture_staging)
+				vfree(data);
 			rc = sg_num;
 			goto err_free_msgs;
 		}
 
 		msg = kzalloc_flex(*msg, sgs, sg_num + 2);
 		if (!msg) {
+			if (vss->capture_staging)
+				vfree(data);
 			rc = -ENOMEM;
 			goto err_free_msgs;
 		}
 
 		msg->substream = vss;
+		msg->data = vss->capture_staging ? data : NULL;
 		vss->msgs[i] = msg;
 		sg_init_one(&msg->sgs[PCM_MSG_SG_XFER], &msg->xfer,
 			    sizeof(msg->xfer));
@@ -316,8 +341,12 @@ void virtsnd_pcm_msg_free(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; vss->msgs && i < vss->nmsgs; ++i)
-		kfree(vss->msgs[i]);
+	for (i = 0; vss->msgs && i < vss->nmsgs; ++i) {
+		if (vss->msgs[i]) {
+			vfree(vss->msgs[i]->data);
+			kfree(vss->msgs[i]);
+		}
+	}
 	kfree(vss->msgs);
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
 	virtsnd_pcm_dma_pages_put(vss);
@@ -348,6 +377,15 @@ void virtsnd_pcm_msg_reset(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
 	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&vss->lock);
 	for (i = 0; vss->msgs && i < vss->nmsgs; ++i)
 		vss->msgs[i]->length = 0;
+	vss->capture_ready = 0;
+	vss->capture_copied_total = 0;
+	vss->capture_acked_total = 0;
+	vss->capture_pointer_seen_total = 0;
+	vss->capture_notified_periods = 0;
+	vss->capture_callback_snapshot = 0;
+	vss->capture_callback_snapshot_active = false;
+	vss->capture_empty = 0;
+	vss->capture_started = false;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -470,6 +508,224 @@ int virtsnd_pcm_msg_send(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss, unsigned long offset,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * virtsnd_pcm_capture_send() - Queue staged capture requests.
+ * @vss: VirtIO PCM substream.
+ *
+ * Queue full-period requests while the outstanding requests fit the remaining
+ * ALSA ring capacity. The final request may exceed that capacity by less than
+ * one period; completion validates the returned payload before copying it.
+ *
+ * Context: Expects the RX queue and substream spinlocks to be held by caller.
+ * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
+ */
+int virtsnd_pcm_capture_send(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_pcm_queue(vss);
+	struct virtqueue *vqueue = queue->vqueue;
+	unsigned long period_bytes;
+	size_t free_bytes;
+	size_t request_limit;
+	unsigned int i;
+	bool added = false;
+
+	if (!vss->capture_staging || !vss->runtime_active)
+		return -EBADFD;
+
+	period_bytes = snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(vss->substream);
+	if (!period_bytes || !vss->buffer_bytes ||
+	    period_bytes >= vss->buffer_bytes ||
+	    !virtsnd_pcm_capture_counters_valid(vss) ||
+	    vss->msg_count > vss->nmsgs)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	free_bytes = vss->buffer_bytes - vss->capture_ready;
+	request_limit = free_bytes / period_bytes +
+			!!(free_bytes % period_bytes);
+	request_limit = min_t(size_t, request_limit, vss->nmsgs);
+	if (vss->msg_count > request_limit)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < vss->nmsgs && vss->msg_count < request_limit; ++i) {
+		struct virtio_pcm_msg *msg = vss->msgs[i];
+		struct scatterlist *sgs[] = {
+			&msg->sgs[PCM_MSG_SG_XFER],
+			&msg->sgs[PCM_MSG_SG_DATA],
+			&msg->sgs[PCM_MSG_SG_STATUS]
+		};
+		int rc;
+
+		if (msg->length)
+			continue;
+
+		msg->xfer.stream_id = cpu_to_le32(vss->sid);
+		/* Do not let an absent packed trailer reuse old PCM bytes. */
+		memset(msg->data, 0, period_bytes);
+		memset(&msg->status, 0, sizeof(msg->status));
+		msg->status.status = cpu_to_le32(VIRTIO_SND_S_BAD_MSG);
+		rc = virtqueue_add_sgs(vqueue, sgs, 1, 2, msg, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (rc) {
+			if (added && !(vss->features &
+				       (1U << VIRTIO_SND_PCM_F_MSG_POLLING)) &&
+			    virtqueue_kick_prepare(vqueue))
+				virtqueue_notify(vqueue);
+			return rc;
+		}
+
+		msg->length = period_bytes;
+		vss->msg_count++;
+		added = true;
+	}
+
+	if (added && !(vss->features &
+			(1U << VIRTIO_SND_PCM_F_MSG_POLLING)) &&
+	    virtqueue_kick_prepare(vqueue))
+		virtqueue_notify(vqueue);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int virtsnd_pcm_capture_status(const struct virtio_pcm_msg *msg,
+				      size_t written_bytes,
+				      size_t frame_bytes,
+				      size_t *audio_bytes,
+				      u32 *latency_bytes)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_pcm_status status;
+	size_t max_written;
+	size_t first;
+
+	if (!frame_bytes ||
+	    check_add_overflow(msg->length, sizeof(status), &max_written) ||
+	    written_bytes < sizeof(status) || written_bytes > max_written)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	*audio_bytes = written_bytes - sizeof(status);
+	if (*audio_bytes > msg->length || *audio_bytes % frame_bytes)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (virtsnd_capture_packed_status) {
+		first = min_t(size_t, sizeof(status),
+			      msg->length - *audio_bytes);
+		if (first)
+			memcpy(&status, msg->data + *audio_bytes, first);
+		if (first < sizeof(status))
+			memcpy((u8 *)&status + first, &msg->status,
+			       sizeof(status) - first);
+	} else {
+		status = msg->status;
+	}
+
+	if (le32_to_cpu(status.status) != VIRTIO_SND_S_OK)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	*latency_bytes = le32_to_cpu(status.latency_bytes);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void virtsnd_pcm_capture_xrun_locked(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	if (!vss->xfer_xrun) {
+		vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+		schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+	}
+}
+
+static void virtsnd_pcm_capture_complete(struct virtio_pcm_msg *msg,
+					 size_t written_bytes)
+{
+	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = msg->substream;
+	size_t audio_bytes = 0;
+	size_t next_ready = 0;
+	u64 next_copied_total = 0;
+	bool got_audio = false;
+
+	guard(spinlock)(&vss->lock);
+	vss->msg_count--;
+	if (vss->runtime_active && vss->xfer_enabled && !vss->xfer_xrun) {
+		struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = vss->substream->runtime;
+		size_t frame_bytes = runtime ? frames_to_bytes(runtime, 1) : 0;
+		u32 latency_bytes;
+		const char *invalid_reason = NULL;
+
+		/* A full ring is modulo-ambiguous, so fail closed before copying. */
+		if (!runtime || !runtime->dma_area)
+			invalid_reason = "runtime";
+		else if (!virtsnd_pcm_capture_counters_valid(vss))
+			invalid_reason = "counters";
+		else if (vss->hw_ptr !=
+			 vss->capture_copied_total % vss->buffer_bytes)
+			invalid_reason = "hw_ptr";
+		else if (virtsnd_pcm_capture_status(msg, written_bytes,
+						    frame_bytes, &audio_bytes,
+						    &latency_bytes))
+			invalid_reason = "status";
+		else if (audio_bytes >=
+			 vss->buffer_bytes - vss->capture_ready)
+			invalid_reason = "ring_capacity";
+		else if (check_add_overflow(vss->capture_ready, audio_bytes,
+					    &next_ready))
+			invalid_reason = "ready_overflow";
+		else if (next_ready >= vss->buffer_bytes)
+			invalid_reason = "ring_full";
+		else if (check_add_overflow(vss->capture_copied_total,
+					    (u64)audio_bytes,
+					    &next_copied_total))
+			invalid_reason = "total_overflow";
+
+		if (invalid_reason) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_capture_xrun_locked(vss);
+			dev_warn_ratelimited(&vss->snd->vdev->dev,
+					     "SID %u: staged capture completion rejected (%s)\n",
+					     vss->sid, invalid_reason);
+		} else if (!audio_bytes) {
+			unsigned int limit = min_t(unsigned int, vss->nmsgs,
+						   UINT_MAX / 2) * 2;
+
+			if (!virtsnd_capture_allow_empty || vss->capture_started ||
+			    vss->capture_empty >= limit) {
+				virtsnd_pcm_capture_xrun_locked(vss);
+			} else {
+				vss->capture_empty++;
+			}
+		} else if (audio_bytes < msg->length &&
+			   !virtsnd_capture_allow_short) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_capture_xrun_locked(vss);
+		} else {
+			size_t ring_ptr = vss->capture_copied_total %
+					  vss->buffer_bytes;
+			size_t first = min(audio_bytes,
+					   vss->buffer_bytes - ring_ptr);
+
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + ring_ptr, msg->data, first);
+			if (audio_bytes > first)
+				memcpy(runtime->dma_area, msg->data + first,
+				       audio_bytes - first);
+			vss->capture_copied_total = next_copied_total;
+			vss->hw_ptr = next_copied_total % vss->buffer_bytes;
+			vss->capture_ready = next_ready;
+			vss->capture_started = true;
+			vss->capture_empty = 0;
+			runtime->delay = bytes_to_frames(runtime, latency_bytes);
+			got_audio = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg->length = 0;
+	if (vss->runtime_active && vss->xfer_enabled) {
+		if (!vss->xfer_xrun && virtsnd_pcm_capture_send(vss)) {
+			dev_warn_ratelimited(&vss->snd->vdev->dev,
+					     "SID %u: failed to refill capture queue\n",
+					     vss->sid);
+			virtsnd_pcm_capture_xrun_locked(vss);
+		}
+		if (got_audio && !vss->xfer_xrun)
+			schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+	} else if (!vss->msg_count) {
+		wake_up_all(&vss->msg_empty);
+	}
+}
+
 /**
  * virtsnd_pcm_msg_pending_num() - Returns the number of pending I/O messages.
  * @vss: VirtIO substream.
@@ -533,6 +789,12 @@ static void virtsnd_pcm_msg_complete(struct virtio_pcm_msg *msg,
 {
 	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = msg->substream;
 
+	if (vss->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE &&
+	    vss->capture_staging) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_capture_complete(msg, written_bytes);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * hw_ptr always indicates the buffer position of the first I/O message
 	 * in the virtqueue. Therefore, on each completion of an I/O message,
diff --git a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_ops.c b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_ops.c
index f74bf365065b..003832d11255 100644
--- a/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_ops.c
+++ b/sound/virtio/virtio_pcm_ops.c
@@ -3,10 +3,41 @@
  * virtio-snd: Virtio sound device
  * Copyright (C) 2021 OpenSynergy GmbH
  */
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/overflow.h>
 #include <sound/pcm_params.h>
 
 #include "virtio_card.h"
 
+bool virtsnd_capture_staging;
+module_param_named(capture_staging, virtsnd_capture_staging, bool, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(capture_staging,
+		 "Use request-owned buffers for experimental PCM capture");
+
+bool virtsnd_capture_packed_status;
+module_param_named(capture_packed_status, virtsnd_capture_packed_status,
+		   bool, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(capture_packed_status,
+		 "Read staged capture status after the actual audio payload");
+
+bool virtsnd_capture_allow_short;
+module_param_named(capture_allow_short, virtsnd_capture_allow_short,
+		   bool, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(capture_allow_short,
+		 "Accept non-empty short staged capture responses");
+
+bool virtsnd_capture_allow_empty;
+module_param_named(capture_allow_empty, virtsnd_capture_allow_empty,
+		   bool, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(capture_allow_empty,
+		 "Retry bounded empty startup capture responses");
+
+static bool virtsnd_capture_pause_restart;
+module_param_named(capture_pause_restart, virtsnd_capture_pause_restart,
+		   bool, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(capture_pause_restart,
+		 "Release and reprepare staged capture streams across pause");
+
 /*
  * I/O messages lifetime
  * ---------------------
@@ -98,15 +129,195 @@ static const struct virtsnd_a2v_rate g_a2v_rate_map[] = {
 
 static int virtsnd_pcm_sync_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream);
 
-static void virtsnd_pcm_start_failed(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+static void virtsnd_pcm_start_failed(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
+				     bool pause_restart)
 {
 	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
 		vss->xfer_enabled = false;
 		vss->stopped = true;
+		if (pause_restart)
+			vss->xfer_xrun = true;
 	}
 	vss->substream->runtime->stop_operating = true;
 }
 
+static bool
+virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_enabled(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	return virtsnd_capture_pause_restart && vss->capture_staging &&
+	       vss->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
+}
+
+static bool virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_transitioning(enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state state)
+{
+	switch (state) {
+	case VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_SET_PARAMS_SUBMITTED:
+	case VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARE_SUBMITTED:
+	case VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_START_SUBMITTED:
+	case VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOP_SUBMITTED:
+	case VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SUBMITTED:
+		return true;
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
+			       struct virtio_snd_msg *msg,
+			       unsigned long allowed_states,
+			       enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state submitted_state,
+			       enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state success_state)
+{
+	enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state state;
+	int rc;
+
+	if (!virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_enabled(vss))
+		return virtsnd_ctl_msg_send_sync(vss->snd, msg);
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		state = vss->pause_restart_state;
+		if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED) {
+			rc = -EIO;
+		} else if (virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_transitioning(state)) {
+			vss->pause_restart_state =
+				VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED;
+			rc = -EIO;
+		} else if (!(allowed_states & BIT(state))) {
+			rc = -EBADFD;
+		} else {
+			vss->pause_restart_state = submitted_state;
+			rc = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rc) {
+		virtsnd_ctl_msg_unref(msg);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	rc = virtsnd_ctl_msg_send_sync(vss->snd, msg);
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		if (rc || vss->pause_restart_state != submitted_state) {
+			vss->pause_restart_state =
+				VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED;
+			if (!rc)
+				rc = -EIO;
+		} else {
+			vss->pause_restart_state = success_state;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rc)
+		dev_err(&vss->snd->vdev->dev,
+			"SID %u: PCM control state is unknown; device reprobe required\n",
+			vss->sid);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static void
+virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
+			       bool reset_required)
+{
+	bool notify_xrun;
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		notify_xrun = !vss->xfer_xrun;
+		vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		vss->stopped = true;
+		vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+		if (reset_required)
+			vss->pause_restart_state =
+				VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED;
+	}
+	if (notify_xrun)
+		schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+	vss->substream->runtime->stop_operating = true;
+}
+
+static int virtsnd_pcm_dev_prepare(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+
+	msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_PREPARE,
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!msg)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_CONFIGURED) |
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED) |
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED) |
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED),
+		VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARE_SUBMITTED,
+		VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED);
+}
+
+static int virtsnd_pcm_pause_prepare(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+
+	msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_PREPARE,
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!msg)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED),
+		VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARE_SUBMITTED,
+		VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED);
+}
+
+static int
+virtsnd_pcm_pause_release_flush(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
+				unsigned long allowed_states)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+	unsigned int js = msecs_to_jiffies(virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms);
+	long waited;
+	int rc;
+
+	msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_RELEASE,
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!msg)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+					    allowed_states,
+					    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SUBMITTED,
+					    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SENT);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	waited = wait_event_timeout(vss->msg_empty,
+				    !virtsnd_pcm_msg_pending_num(vss), js);
+	if (waited <= 0) {
+		dev_warn(&vss->snd->vdev->dev,
+			 "SID %u: pause RELEASE did not flush I/O queue\n",
+			 vss->sid);
+		return waited ? (int)waited : -ETIMEDOUT;
+	}
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		if (vss->msg_count ||
+		    vss->pause_restart_state !=
+			    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SENT) {
+			rc = -ETIMEDOUT;
+		} else {
+			vss->pause_restart_state =
+				VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static void virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+}
+
 /**
  * virtsnd_pcm_open() - Open the PCM substream.
  * @substream: Kernel ALSA substream.
@@ -122,6 +333,14 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 
 	substream->runtime->hw = vss->hw;
 	substream->private_data = vss;
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		vss->capture_staging = virtsnd_capture_staging &&
+			vss->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
+		if (vss->capture_staging) {
+			vss->runtime_active = false;
+			vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		}
+	}
 
 	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(substream->runtime,
 				      SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS);
@@ -147,6 +366,16 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
  */
 static int virtsnd_pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
+	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+
+	if (vss->capture_staging) {
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			vss->runtime_active = false;
+			vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		}
+		cancel_work_sync(&vss->elapsed_period);
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -213,7 +442,14 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_dev_set_params(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
 		request->features |=
 			cpu_to_le32(1U << VIRTIO_SND_PCM_F_EVT_XRUNS);
 
-	return virtsnd_ctl_msg_send_sync(vss->snd, msg);
+	return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_NONE) |
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_CONFIGURED) |
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED) |
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED) |
+		BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED),
+		VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_SET_PARAMS_SUBMITTED,
+		VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_CONFIGURED);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -233,6 +469,14 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	bool stopped;
 	int rc;
 
+	if (vss->capture_staging) {
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			vss->runtime_active = false;
+			vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		}
+		cancel_work_sync(&vss->elapsed_period);
+	}
+
 	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
 		msg_count = vss->msg_count;
 		stopped = vss->stopped;
@@ -263,8 +507,14 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	 */
 	virtsnd_pcm_msg_free(vss);
 
-	return virtsnd_pcm_msg_alloc(vss, params_periods(hw_params),
-				     params_period_bytes(hw_params));
+	rc = virtsnd_pcm_msg_alloc(vss, params_periods(hw_params),
+				   params_period_bytes(hw_params));
+	if (!rc && vss->capture_staging) {
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock)
+			vss->runtime_active = true;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -278,6 +528,24 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 
+	if (vss->capture_staging) {
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			vss->runtime_active = false;
+			vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		}
+		cancel_work_sync(&vss->elapsed_period);
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			vss->hw_ptr = 0;
+			vss->capture_ready = 0;
+			vss->capture_copied_total = 0;
+			vss->capture_acked_total = 0;
+			vss->capture_pointer_seen_total = 0;
+			vss->capture_notified_periods = 0;
+			vss->capture_callback_snapshot = 0;
+			vss->capture_callback_snapshot_active = false;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/* If the queue is flushed, we can safely free the messages here. */
 	if (!virtsnd_pcm_msg_pending_num(vss))
 		virtsnd_pcm_msg_free(vss);
@@ -296,9 +564,22 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 	struct virtio_device *vdev = vss->snd->vdev;
-	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+	bool pause_restart = virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_enabled(vss);
+	int rc;
 	bool stopped;
 
+	if (pause_restart) {
+		enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state state;
+
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock)
+			state = vss->pause_restart_state;
+		if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED ||
+		    virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_transitioning(state)) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, true);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+
 	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock)
 		stopped = vss->stopped;
 	if (stopped) {
@@ -321,16 +602,23 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 		unsigned int buffer_bytes = snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
 		unsigned int period_bytes = snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(substream);
-		int rc;
 
 		rc = virtsnd_pcm_dev_set_params(vss, buffer_bytes, period_bytes,
 						runtime->channels,
 						runtime->format, runtime->rate);
-		if (rc)
+		if (rc) {
+			if (pause_restart)
+				virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
 			return rc;
+		}
 	}
 
-	vss->xfer_xrun = false;
+	/* ALSA prepare resets its pointers even after a suspended stream. */
+	if (vss->capture_staging)
+		vss->hw_ptr = 0;
+
+	if (!pause_restart)
+		vss->xfer_xrun = false;
 	vss->suspended = false;
 	vss->msg_count = 0;
 	virtsnd_pcm_msg_reset(vss);
@@ -340,12 +628,210 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		vss->pcm_indirect.hw_buffer_size =
 		snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
 
-	msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_PREPARE,
-					GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!msg)
+	rc = virtsnd_pcm_dev_prepare(vss);
+	if (pause_restart) {
+		if (rc) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+		} else {
+			scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+				vss->stopped = false;
+				vss->xfer_xrun = false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_start(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
+					   bool resume)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_pcm_queue(vss);
+	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+	enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state state;
+	bool reset_required;
+	bool invalid_state;
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		state = vss->pause_restart_state;
+		reset_required =
+			state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED ||
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_transitioning(state);
+		invalid_state =
+			vss->xfer_xrun ||
+			(resume &&
+			 (state != VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED ||
+			  !vss->stopped || vss->msg_count ||
+			  !vss->runtime_active)) ||
+			(!resume &&
+			 (state != VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED ||
+			  vss->stopped));
+	}
+	if (reset_required) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, true);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+	if (invalid_state) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+		return -EBADFD;
+	}
+
+	if (resume) {
+		rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_prepare(vss);
+		if (rc) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+			return rc;
+		}
+
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			if (vss->pause_restart_state !=
+				    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED ||
+			    vss->msg_count || !vss->runtime_active) {
+				rc = -EBADFD;
+			} else {
+				/* Preserve ring accounting, restarting only startup grace. */
+				vss->capture_started = false;
+				vss->capture_empty = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		if (rc) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+			return rc;
+		}
+	}
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &queue->lock) {
+		guard(spinlock)(&vss->lock);
+		if (vss->pause_restart_state !=
+			    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED ||
+		    vss->msg_count || !vss->runtime_active || vss->xfer_xrun) {
+			rc = -EBADFD;
+		} else {
+			rc = virtsnd_pcm_capture_send(vss);
+			if (!rc)
+				vss->xfer_enabled = true;
+		}
+	}
+	if (rc) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_START, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!msg) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
 		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+					    BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED),
+					    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_START_SUBMITTED,
+					    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING);
+	if (rc) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+		return rc;
+	}
 
-	return virtsnd_ctl_msg_send_sync(vss->snd, msg);
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock)
+		vss->stopped = false;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_pause(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+	enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state state;
+	int rc;
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		state = vss->pause_restart_state;
+		if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SENT ||
+		    state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED)
+			return 0;
+		vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		vss->stopped = true;
+	}
+
+	if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED ||
+	    virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_transitioning(state)) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, true);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING) {
+		msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_STOP,
+						GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!msg) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+						    BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING),
+						    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOP_SUBMITTED,
+					    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED);
+		if (rc) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+			return rc;
+		}
+		state = VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED;
+	} else if (state != VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED &&
+		   state != VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+		return -EBADFD;
+	}
+
+	rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_release_flush(vss,
+					     BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED) |
+					     BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED));
+	if (rc) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_stop(struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss,
+					  bool suspend)
+{
+	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+	enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state state;
+	int rc;
+
+	if (suspend)
+		vss->suspended = true;
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		vss->stopped = true;
+		state = vss->pause_restart_state;
+	}
+
+	if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED ||
+	    virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_transitioning(state)) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, true);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+	if (state != VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING)
+		return 0;
+
+	msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_STOP, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!msg) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+					    BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING),
+					    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOP_SUBMITTED,
+					    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED);
+	if (rc)
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_failed(vss);
+
+	return rc;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -365,6 +851,23 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int command)
 	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
 	int rc = 0;
 
+	if (virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_enabled(vss)) {
+		switch (command) {
+		case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+			return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_start(vss, false);
+		case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+			return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_start(vss, true);
+		case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+			return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_pause(vss);
+		case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+			return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_stop(vss, false);
+		case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+			return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_stop(vss, true);
+		default:
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
 	switch (command) {
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
@@ -376,8 +879,17 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int command)
 				substream->runtime->stop_operating = true;
 				return -EBADFD;
 			}
-			if (vss->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)
-				rc = virtsnd_pcm_msg_send(vss, 0, vss->buffer_bytes);
+			if (vss->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE) {
+				if (vss->capture_staging) {
+					if (!vss->runtime_active)
+						rc = -EBADFD;
+					else
+						rc = virtsnd_pcm_capture_send(vss);
+				} else {
+					rc = virtsnd_pcm_msg_send(vss, 0,
+								  vss->buffer_bytes);
+				}
+			}
 			if (rc) {
 				vss->stopped = true;
 				substream->runtime->stop_operating = true;
@@ -389,13 +901,13 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int command)
 		msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_START,
 						GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!msg) {
-			virtsnd_pcm_start_failed(vss);
+			virtsnd_pcm_start_failed(vss, false);
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		}
 
 		rc = virtsnd_ctl_msg_send_sync(snd, msg);
 		if (rc)
-			virtsnd_pcm_start_failed(vss);
+			virtsnd_pcm_start_failed(vss, false);
 
 		return rc;
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
@@ -420,6 +932,106 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int command)
 	}
 }
 
+static int
+virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_sync_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	unsigned int js = msecs_to_jiffies(virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms);
+	enum virtio_pcm_pause_restart_state state;
+	struct virtio_snd_msg *msg;
+	long waited;
+	int rc;
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+		vss->xfer_enabled = false;
+		vss->stopped = true;
+		state = vss->pause_restart_state;
+	}
+	cancel_work_sync(&vss->elapsed_period);
+
+	if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RESET_REQUIRED ||
+	    virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_transitioning(state)) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, true);
+		dev_err(&vss->snd->vdev->dev,
+			"SID %u: PCM state is unknown; device reprobe required\n",
+			vss->sid);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_NONE ||
+	    state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_CONFIGURED) {
+		if (virtsnd_pcm_msg_pending_num(vss)) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, true);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock)
+			vss->stopped = false;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING) {
+		msg = virtsnd_pcm_ctl_msg_alloc(vss, VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_STOP,
+						GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!msg) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_send(vss, msg,
+						    BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RUNNING),
+						    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOP_SUBMITTED,
+						    VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED);
+		if (rc) {
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+			return rc;
+		}
+		state = VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED;
+	}
+
+	if (state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASE_SENT ||
+	    state == VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED) {
+		waited = wait_event_timeout(vss->msg_empty,
+					    !virtsnd_pcm_msg_pending_num(vss), js);
+		if (waited <= 0) {
+			rc = waited ? (int)waited : -ETIMEDOUT;
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+			return rc;
+		}
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			if (vss->msg_count) {
+				rc = -ETIMEDOUT;
+			} else {
+				vss->pause_restart_state =
+					VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_RELEASED;
+				vss->stopped = false;
+				rc = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		if (rc)
+			virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	if (state != VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED &&
+	    state != VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, true);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	rc = virtsnd_pcm_pause_release_flush(vss,
+					     BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_PREPARED) |
+					     BIT(VIRTSND_PCM_PAUSE_RESTART_STOPPED));
+	if (rc) {
+		virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_fail(vss, false);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock)
+		vss->stopped = false;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * virtsnd_pcm_sync_stop() - Synchronous PCM substream stop.
  * @substream: Kernel ALSA substream.
@@ -439,6 +1051,9 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_sync_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	bool need_release;
 	int rc;
 
+	if (virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_enabled(vss))
+		return virtsnd_pcm_pause_restart_sync_stop(substream);
+
 	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
 		vss->xfer_enabled = false;
 		need_release = vss->stopped || vss->msg_count;
@@ -515,6 +1130,38 @@ static snd_pcm_uframes_t
 virtsnd_pcm_cp_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	size_t hw_ptr = 0;
+	u64 total;
+	bool xrun;
+
+	if (vss->capture_staging) {
+		scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &vss->lock) {
+			xrun = vss->xfer_xrun ||
+			       !virtsnd_pcm_capture_counters_valid(vss);
+			if (!xrun) {
+				total = vss->capture_callback_snapshot_active ?
+					vss->capture_callback_snapshot :
+					vss->capture_copied_total;
+				/* A full-ring observation gap is modulo-ambiguous. */
+				if (total < vss->capture_pointer_seen_total ||
+				    total - vss->capture_pointer_seen_total >=
+					vss->buffer_bytes) {
+					xrun = true;
+					vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+				} else {
+					vss->capture_pointer_seen_total = total;
+					hw_ptr = total % vss->buffer_bytes;
+				}
+			}
+			if (xrun)
+				vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+		}
+
+		if (xrun)
+			return SNDRV_PCM_POS_XRUN;
+
+		return bytes_to_frames(substream->runtime, hw_ptr);
+	}
 
 	return snd_pcm_indirect_capture_pointer(substream,
 		&vss->pcm_indirect,
@@ -586,11 +1233,66 @@ static int virtsnd_pcm_cp_ack(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_pcm_queue(vss);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	struct virtsnd_pcm_transfer transfer = {};
 	int rc;
 
 	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &queue->lock) {
 		guard(spinlock)(&vss->lock);
+		if (vss->capture_staging) {
+			snd_pcm_uframes_t appl_ptr;
+			snd_pcm_sframes_t diff;
+			size_t bytes;
+			u64 next_acked_total;
+
+			if (!vss->runtime_active || !runtime || !runtime->control ||
+			    !runtime->dma_area)
+				return -EBADFD;
+			if (vss->xfer_xrun)
+				return -EPIPE;
+			if (!virtsnd_pcm_capture_counters_valid(vss)) {
+				vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+				schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+				return -EPIPE;
+			}
+			appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr;
+			diff = appl_ptr - vss->pcm_indirect.appl_ptr;
+
+			if (diff < -(snd_pcm_sframes_t)(runtime->boundary / 2))
+				diff += runtime->boundary;
+			if (diff < 0 ||
+			    (snd_pcm_uframes_t)diff > runtime->buffer_size) {
+				vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+				schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+				return -EPIPE;
+			}
+
+			/* ACK includes any subperiod tail already copied to the ring. */
+			bytes = frames_to_bytes(runtime, diff);
+			if (bytes > vss->capture_ready ||
+			    check_add_overflow(vss->capture_acked_total, (u64)bytes,
+					       &next_acked_total) ||
+			    next_acked_total > vss->capture_copied_total) {
+				vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+				schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+				return -EPIPE;
+			}
+
+			vss->capture_acked_total = next_acked_total;
+			vss->capture_ready -= bytes;
+			vss->pcm_indirect.appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
+			if (vss->xfer_enabled) {
+				rc = virtsnd_pcm_capture_send(vss);
+				if (rc) {
+					vss->xfer_xrun = true;
+					schedule_work(&vss->elapsed_period);
+				}
+				return rc;
+			}
+
+			return 0;
+		}
+
 		transfer.indirect = vss->pcm_indirect;
 		if (vss->stopped) {
 			rc = -EPIPE;