* [PATCH 1/2] srcu-2: RCU variant permitting read-side blocking
2006-06-27 23:37 [PATCH 0/2] srcu-2: add RCU variant that permits read-side blocking Paul E. McKenney
@ 2006-06-27 23:40 ` Paul E. McKenney
2006-06-27 23:43 ` [PATCH 2/2] srcu-2: add SRCU operations to rcutorture Paul E. McKenney
2006-06-28 0:06 ` [PATCH 0/2] srcu-2: add RCU variant that permits read-side blocking Paul E. McKenney
2 siblings, 0 replies; 4+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2006-06-27 23:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel; +Cc: akpm, matthltc, dipankar, stern, mingo, tytso, dvhltc, oleg
Updated patch adding a variant of RCU that permits sleeping in read-side
critical sections. SRCU is as follows:
o Each use of SRCU creates its own srcu_struct, and each
srcu_struct has its own set of grace periods. This is
critical, as it prevents one subsystem with a blocking
reader from holding up SRCU grace periods for other
subsystems.
o The SRCU primitives (srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(),
and synchronize_srcu()) all take a pointer to a srcu_struct.
o The SRCU primitives must be called from process context.
o srcu_read_lock() returns an int that must be passed to
the matching srcu_read_unlock(). Realtime RCU avoids the
need for this by storing the state in the task struct,
but SRCU needs to allow a given code path to pass through
multiple SRCU domains -- storing state in the task struct
would therefore require either arbitrary space in the
task struct or arbitrary limits on SRCU nesting. So I
kicked the state-storage problem up to the caller.
o There is no call_srcu(). It would not be hard to implement
one, but it seems like too easy a way to OOM the system.
(Hey, we have enough trouble with call_rcu(), which does
-not- permit readers to sleep!!!) So, if you want it,
please tell me why...
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt | 32 ++++++
Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt | 3
Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt | 3
include/linux/srcu.h | 42 ++++++++
kernel/Makefile | 2
kernel/srcu.c | 188 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
6 files changed, 268 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
--- linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt 2006-06-17 18:49:35.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt 2006-06-24 08:04:07.000000000 -0700
@@ -183,3 +183,35 @@ over a rather long period of time, but i
disable irq on a given acquisition of that lock will result in
deadlock as soon as the RCU callback happens to interrupt that
acquisition's critical section.
+
+13. SRCU (srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(), and synchronize_srcu())
+ may only be invoked from process context. Unlike other forms of
+ RCU, it -is- permissible to block in an SRCU read-side critical
+ section (demarked by srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock()),
+ hence the "SRCU": "sleepable RCU".
+
+ Also unlike other forms of RCU, explicit initialization
+ and cleanup is required via init_srcu_struct() and
+ cleanup_srcu_struct(). These are passed a "struct srcu_struct"
+ that defines the scope of a given SRCU domain. Once initialized,
+ the srcu_struct is passed to srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock()
+ and synchronize_srcu(). A given synchronize_srcu() waits only
+ for SRCU read-side critical sections governed by srcu_read_lock()
+ and srcu_read_unlock() calls that have been passd the same
+ srcu_struct. This property is what makes sleeping read-side
+ critical sections tolerable -- a given subsystem delays only
+ its own updates, not those of other subsystems using SRCU.
+
+ This benefit does not come for free. First, corresponding
+ srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock() calls must be passed
+ the same srcu_struct. Second, grace-period-detection overhead
+ is amortized only over those updates sharing a given srcu_struct,
+ rather than being globally amortized as they are for other forms
+ of RCU. This means that SRCU should be used only in extremely
+ read-intensive situations if performance is the goal (of course,
+ if the goal is instead read-side deadlock avoidance or read-side
+ realtime latency, then SRCU might be applicable to less extreme
+ degrees of read intensity).
+
+ Note that, rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() relate to
+ SRCU just as they do to other forms of RCU.
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt
--- linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt 2006-06-17 18:49:35.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt 2006-06-24 08:04:07.000000000 -0700
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ o How can I see where RCU is currently u
Search for "rcu_read_lock", "rcu_read_unlock", "call_rcu",
"rcu_read_lock_bh", "rcu_read_unlock_bh", "call_rcu_bh",
- "synchronize_rcu", and "synchronize_net".
+ "srcu_read_lock", "srcu_read_unlock", "synchronize_rcu",
+ "synchronize_net", and "synchronize_srcu".
o What guidelines should I follow when writing code that uses RCU?
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
--- linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt 2006-06-17 18:49:35.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt 2006-06-24 08:04:07.000000000 -0700
@@ -767,6 +767,8 @@ Markers for RCU read-side critical secti
rcu_read_unlock
rcu_read_lock_bh
rcu_read_unlock_bh
+ srcu_read_lock
+ srcu_read_unlock
RCU pointer/list traversal:
@@ -794,6 +796,7 @@ RCU grace period:
synchronize_net
synchronize_sched
synchronize_rcu
+ synchronize_srcu
call_rcu
call_rcu_bh
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/include/linux/srcu.h linux-2.6.17-srcu/include/linux/srcu.h
--- linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/include/linux/srcu.h 1969-12-31 16:00:00.000000000 -0800
+++ linux-2.6.17-srcu/include/linux/srcu.h 2006-06-26 18:19:49.000000000 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Sleepable Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2006
+ *
+ * Author: Paul McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * For detailed explanation of Read-Copy Update mechanism see -
+ * Documentation/RCU/ *.txt
+ *
+ */
+
+struct srcu_struct_array {
+ int c[2];
+};
+
+struct srcu_struct {
+ int completed;
+ struct srcu_struct_array *per_cpu_ref;
+ struct mutex mutex;
+};
+
+void init_srcu_struct(struct srcu_struct *sp);
+void cleanup_srcu_struct(struct srcu_struct *sp);
+int srcu_read_lock(struct srcu_struct *sp);
+void srcu_read_unlock(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx);
+void synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *sp);
+long srcu_batches_completed(struct srcu_struct *sp);
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/kernel/Makefile linux-2.6.17-srcu/kernel/Makefile
--- linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/kernel/Makefile 2006-06-17 18:49:35.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6.17-srcu/kernel/Makefile 2006-06-24 08:04:07.000000000 -0700
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ obj-y = sched.o fork.o exec_domain.o
signal.o sys.o kmod.o workqueue.o pid.o \
rcupdate.o extable.o params.o posix-timers.o \
kthread.o wait.o kfifo.o sys_ni.o posix-cpu-timers.o mutex.o \
- hrtimer.o
+ hrtimer.o srcu.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES) += mutex-debug.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FUTEX) += futex.o
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/kernel/srcu.c linux-2.6.17-srcu/kernel/srcu.c
--- linux-2.6.17-torturercu_bh/kernel/srcu.c 1969-12-31 16:00:00.000000000 -0800
+++ linux-2.6.17-srcu/kernel/srcu.c 2006-06-27 12:48:33.000000000 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Sleepable Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2006
+ *
+ * Author: Paul McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * For detailed explanation of Read-Copy Update mechanism see -
+ * Documentation/RCU/ *.txt
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/preempt.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+#include <linux/srcu.h>
+
+/**
+ * init_srcu_struct - initialize a sleep-RCU structure
+ * @sp: structure to initialize.
+ *
+ * Must invoke this on a given srcu_struct before passing that srcu_struct
+ * to any other function. Each srcu_struct represents a separate domain
+ * of SRCU protection.
+ */
+void init_srcu_struct(struct srcu_struct *sp)
+{
+ sp->completed = 0;
+ sp->per_cpu_ref = alloc_percpu(struct srcu_struct_array);
+ mutex_init(&sp->mutex);
+}
+
+/**
+ * cleanup_srcu_struct - deconstruct a sleep-RCU structure
+ * @sp: structure to clean up.
+ *
+ * Must invoke this after you are finished using a given srcu_struct.
+ * Failure to do so will result in a memory leak.
+ */
+void cleanup_srcu_struct(struct srcu_struct *sp)
+{
+ free_percpu(sp->per_cpu_ref);
+ sp->per_cpu_ref = NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * srcu_read_lock - register a new reader for an SRCU-protected structure.
+ * @sp: srcu_struct in which to register the new reader.
+ *
+ * Counts the new reader in the appropriate per-CPU element of the
+ * srcu_struct. Must be called from process context.
+ * Returns an index that must be passed to the matching srcu_read_unlock().
+ */
+int srcu_read_lock(struct srcu_struct *sp)
+{
+ int idx;
+
+ preempt_disable();
+ idx = sp->completed & 0x1;
+ barrier();
+ per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, smp_processor_id())->c[idx]++;
+ preempt_enable();
+ return idx;
+}
+
+/**
+ * srcu_read_unlock - unregister a old reader from an SRCU-protected structure.
+ * @sp: srcu_struct in which to unregister the old reader.
+ * @idx: return value from corresponding srcu_read_lock().
+ *
+ * Removes the count for the old reader from the appropriate per-CPU
+ * element of the srcu_struct. Note that this may well be a different
+ * CPU than that which was incremented by the corresponding srcu_read_lock().
+ * Must be called from process context.
+ */
+void srcu_read_unlock(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx)
+{
+ preempt_disable();
+ per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, smp_processor_id())->c[idx]--;
+ preempt_enable();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do a single flip of the SRCU counters -- a pair of flips is required
+ * to force a grace period. The reason that a single flip is insufficient
+ * is that there are no memory barriers in srcu_read_lock(), which
+ * means that the corresponding critical section can "bleed out", so
+ * that the old pointer is fetched, but the new counter incremented.
+ * Doing a pair of flips guarantees that -all- read-side critical sections
+ * are accounted for.
+ *
+ * We still need to flip the counters, since we want the grace period
+ * to end even when there might be at least one read-side critical section
+ * in progress at all times.
+ */
+static void synchronize_srcu_flip(struct srcu_struct *sp)
+{
+ int cpu;
+ int idx;
+ int sum;
+
+ /* Do the flip. */
+
+ idx = sp->completed & 0x1;
+ sp->completed++;
+
+ synchronize_sched(); /* forces memory barriers all around. */
+
+ /*
+ * At this point, all srcu_read_lock() calls using the
+ * old counters have completed.
+ */
+
+ for (;;) {
+ sum = 0;
+ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+ sum += per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[idx];
+ if (sum == 0)
+ break;
+ schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * synchronize_srcu - wait for prior SRCU read-side critical-section completion
+ * @sp: srcu_struct with which to synchronize.
+ *
+ * Flip the completed counter, and wait for the old count to drain to zero.
+ * As with classic RCU, the updater must use some separate means of
+ * synchronizing concurrent updates. Can block; must be called from
+ * process context.
+ */
+void synchronize_srcu(struct srcu_struct *sp)
+{
+ mutex_lock(&sp->mutex);
+
+ smp_mb(); /* Prevent operations from leaking in. */
+
+ /* Do a pair of flips to ensure that all prior readers complete. */
+
+ synchronize_srcu_flip(sp);
+ synchronize_srcu_flip(sp);
+
+ /* Force all concurrent srcu_read_unlock() calls to finish cleanly. */
+
+ synchronize_sched();
+
+ mutex_unlock(&sp->mutex);
+}
+
+/**
+ * srcu_batches_completed - return batches completed.
+ * @sp: srcu_struct on which to report batch completion.
+ *
+ * Report the number of batches, correlated with, but not necessarily
+ * precisely the same as, the number of grace periods that have elapsed.
+ */
+
+long srcu_batches_completed(struct srcu_struct *sp)
+{
+ return sp->completed;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_srcu_struct);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cleanup_srcu_struct);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_read_lock);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_read_unlock);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_srcu);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_batches_completed);
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 4+ messages in thread* [PATCH 2/2] srcu-2: add SRCU operations to rcutorture
2006-06-27 23:37 [PATCH 0/2] srcu-2: add RCU variant that permits read-side blocking Paul E. McKenney
2006-06-27 23:40 ` [PATCH 1/2] srcu-2: RCU variant permitting " Paul E. McKenney
@ 2006-06-27 23:43 ` Paul E. McKenney
2006-06-28 0:06 ` [PATCH 0/2] srcu-2: add RCU variant that permits read-side blocking Paul E. McKenney
2 siblings, 0 replies; 4+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2006-06-27 23:43 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel; +Cc: akpm, matthltc, dipankar, stern, mingo, tytso, dvhltc, oleg
Adds SRCU operations to rcutorture and updates rcutorture documentation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/torture.txt | 15 +++++++
kernel/rcutorture.c | 89 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
2 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt linux-2.6.17-torturesrcu/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt
--- linux-2.6.17-srcu/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt 2006-06-24 12:13:12.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6.17-torturesrcu/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt 2006-06-26 18:50:33.000000000 -0700
@@ -118,6 +118,21 @@ o "Free-Block Circulation": Shows the nu
as it is only incremented if a torture structure's counter
somehow gets incremented farther than it should.
+Different implementations of RCU can provide implementation-specific
+additional information. For example, SRCU provides the following:
+
+ srcu-torture: rtc: f8cf46a8 ver: 355 tfle: 0 rta: 356 rtaf: 0 rtf: 346 rtmbe: 0
+ srcu-torture: Reader Pipe: 559738 939 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ srcu-torture: Reader Batch: 560434 243 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ srcu-torture: Free-Block Circulation: 355 354 353 352 351 350 349 348 347 346 0
+ srcu-torture: per-CPU(idx=1): 0(0,1) 1(0,1) 2(0,0) 3(0,1)
+
+The first four lines are similar to those for RCU. The last line shows
+the per-CPU counter state. The numbers in parentheses are the values
+of the "old" and "current" counters for the corresponding CPU. The
+"idx" value maps the "old" and "current" values to the underlying array,
+and is useful for debugging.
+
USAGE
diff -urpNa -X dontdiff linux-2.6.17-srcu/kernel/rcutorture.c linux-2.6.17-torturesrcu/kernel/rcutorture.c
--- linux-2.6.17-srcu/kernel/rcutorture.c 2006-06-24 11:52:08.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-2.6.17-torturesrcu/kernel/rcutorture.c 2006-06-27 07:13:13.000000000 -0700
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/byteorder/swabb.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <linux/srcu.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ static int stat_interval; /* Interval be
static int verbose; /* Print more debug info. */
static int test_no_idle_hz; /* Test RCU's support for tickless idle CPUs. */
static int shuffle_interval = 5; /* Interval between shuffles (in sec)*/
-static char *torture_type = "rcu"; /* What to torture. */
+static char *torture_type = "rcu"; /* What to torture: rcu, srcu. */
module_param(nreaders, int, 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(nreaders, "Number of RCU reader threads");
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_no_idle_hz, "Test
module_param(shuffle_interval, int, 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(shuffle_interval, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
module_param(torture_type, charp, 0);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, rcu_bh)");
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, rcu_bh, srcu)");
#define TORTURE_FLAG "-torture:"
#define PRINTK_STRING(s) \
@@ -282,8 +283,90 @@ static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_bh_ops
.name = "rcu_bh"
};
+/*
+ * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
+ */
+
+static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctl;
+static struct list_head srcu_removed;
+
+static void srcu_torture_init(void)
+{
+ init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctl);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&srcu_removed);
+}
+
+static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
+{
+ synchronize_srcu(&srcu_ctl);
+ cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctl);
+}
+
+static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void)
+{
+ return (srcu_read_lock(&srcu_ctl));
+}
+
+static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
+{
+ srcu_read_unlock(&srcu_ctl, idx);
+}
+
+static int srcu_torture_completed(void)
+{
+ return srcu_batches_completed(&srcu_ctl);
+}
+
+static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
+{
+ int i;
+ struct rcu_torture *rp;
+ struct rcu_torture *rp1;
+
+ synchronize_srcu(&srcu_ctl);
+ list_add(&p->rtort_free, &srcu_removed);
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &srcu_removed, rtort_free) {
+ i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
+ if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
+ i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
+ atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
+ if (++rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
+ rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
+ list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
+ rcu_torture_free(rp);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+int srcu_torture_stats(char *page)
+{
+ int cnt = 0;
+ int cpu;
+ int idx = srcu_ctl.completed & 0x1;
+
+ cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "%s%s per-CPU(idx=%d):", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG, idx);
+ for_each_cpu(cpu) {
+ cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], " %d(%d,%d)", cpu,
+ per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctl.per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[!idx],
+ per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctl.per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[idx]);
+ }
+ cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "\n");
+ return (cnt);
+}
+
+static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
+ .init = srcu_torture_init,
+ .cleanup = srcu_torture_cleanup,
+ .readlock = srcu_torture_read_lock,
+ .readunlock = srcu_torture_read_unlock,
+ .completed = srcu_torture_completed,
+ .deferredfree = srcu_torture_deferred_free,
+ .stats = srcu_torture_stats,
+ .name = "srcu"
+};
+
static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] =
- { &rcu_ops, &rcu_bh_ops, NULL };
+ { &rcu_ops, &rcu_bh_ops, &srcu_ops, NULL };
/*
* RCU torture writer kthread. Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 4+ messages in thread