[PATCH v4 0/3] Increase the number of IRQ descriptors for SPARSEIRQ

[PATCH v4 0/3] Increase the number of IRQ descriptors for SPARSEIRQ

[Shanker Donthineni]

The ARM64 architecture uses SPARSEIRQ with a default value of NR_IRQS,
which is set to 64. This means that only 64+8192 IRQ descriptors are
allowed, which may not be sufficient for modern ARM64 servers that
have a large number of IO devices and GIC hardware that supports
direct vSGI and vLPI injection features.

This limitation has caused issues when attempting to launch multiple
virtual machines with GICv4.1 features, resulting in the error message
'kvm_err("VPE IRQ allocation failure\n")'. The root cause of this issue
is the ~8K IRQ descriptor limit.

To address this issue, an initial proposal was made to define NR_IRQS
to 2^19 for ARM64. However, Marc Zyngier suggested implementing a
generic solution instead of hard-coded values. Thomas Gleixner advised
to use the maple tree data structure and provided most of the necessary
functions.

For more information, refer to the discussion thread at
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arm-kernel/20230104023738.1258925-1-sdonthineni@nvidia.com/.

This patch series converts the static memory allocation to dynamic using
the maple tree, and increases the maximum number of IRQ descriptors to
INT_MAX from NR_IRQS+8192. This change has been tested on an ARM64 server
with CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ=y, where 256 virtual machines were launched,
creating a total of 128K+ IRQ descriptors, and IRQ injection was verified.

Changes in v4:
  - Fix the iterator function using mt_find() instead of nt_next()
  - Tested CPU hot-unplug and hot-plug on ARM64 system. This is 
    completely broken before v4.

Changes in v3:
  - Edited commit text
  - Added a helper function irq_resend_init()
  - Rebased to v6.3-rc6

Changes in v2:
  - The patches have been updated to v6.3-rc5.
  - The patches 2/5 and 4/5 have been removed as they are unnecessary.
  - The review comments from Thomas have been addressed.

Shanker Donthineni (3):
  genirq: Use hlist for managing resend handlers
  genirq: Encapsulate sparse bitmap handling
  genirq: Use the maple tree for IRQ descriptors management

 include/linux/irqdesc.h |  3 ++
 kernel/irq/chip.c       |  1 +
 kernel/irq/internals.h  |  6 ++--
 kernel/irq/irqdesc.c    | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 kernel/irq/resend.c     | 47 ++++++++++++++++---------
 5 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v4 1/3] genirq: Use hlist for managing resend handlers

[Shanker Donthineni]

The current implementation utilizes a bitmap for managing IRQ resend
handlers, which is allocated based on the SPARSE_IRQ/NR_IRQS macros.
However, this method may not efficiently utilize memory during runtime,
particularly when IRQ_BITMAP_BITS is large.

Address this issue by using the hlist to manage IRQ resend handlers
instead of relying on a static bitmap memory allocation. Additionally,
a new function, clear_irq_resend(), is introduced and called from
irq_shutdown to ensure a graceful teardown of the interrupt.

Signed-off-by: Shanker Donthineni <sdonthineni@nvidia.com>
---
 include/linux/irqdesc.h |  3 +++
 kernel/irq/chip.c       |  1 +
 kernel/irq/internals.h  |  2 ++
 kernel/irq/irqdesc.c    |  2 ++
 kernel/irq/resend.c     | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 5 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/irqdesc.h b/include/linux/irqdesc.h
index 844a8e30e6de..d9451d456a73 100644
--- a/include/linux/irqdesc.h
+++ b/include/linux/irqdesc.h
@@ -102,6 +102,9 @@ struct irq_desc {
 	int			parent_irq;
 	struct module		*owner;
 	const char		*name;
+#ifdef CONFIG_HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND
+	struct hlist_node	resend_node;
+#endif
 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ
diff --git a/kernel/irq/chip.c b/kernel/irq/chip.c
index 49e7bc871fec..2eac5532c3c8 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/chip.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/chip.c
@@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ static void __irq_disable(struct irq_desc *desc, bool mask);
 void irq_shutdown(struct irq_desc *desc)
 {
 	if (irqd_is_started(&desc->irq_data)) {
+		clear_irq_resend(desc);
 		desc->depth = 1;
 		if (desc->irq_data.chip->irq_shutdown) {
 			desc->irq_data.chip->irq_shutdown(&desc->irq_data);
diff --git a/kernel/irq/internals.h b/kernel/irq/internals.h
index 5fdc0b557579..51fc8c497c22 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/internals.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/internals.h
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ irqreturn_t handle_irq_event(struct irq_desc *desc);
 
 /* Resending of interrupts :*/
 int check_irq_resend(struct irq_desc *desc, bool inject);
+void clear_irq_resend(struct irq_desc *desc);
+void irq_resend_init(struct irq_desc *desc);
 bool irq_wait_for_poll(struct irq_desc *desc);
 void __irq_wake_thread(struct irq_desc *desc, struct irqaction *action);
 
diff --git a/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c b/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
index fd0996274401..f4cb34c87ae7 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
@@ -415,6 +415,7 @@ static struct irq_desc *alloc_desc(int irq, int node, unsigned int flags,
 	desc_set_defaults(irq, desc, node, affinity, owner);
 	irqd_set(&desc->irq_data, flags);
 	kobject_init(&desc->kobj, &irq_kobj_type);
+	irq_resend_init(desc);
 
 	return desc;
 
@@ -581,6 +582,7 @@ int __init early_irq_init(void)
 		mutex_init(&desc[i].request_mutex);
 		init_waitqueue_head(&desc[i].wait_for_threads);
 		desc_set_defaults(i, &desc[i], node, NULL, NULL);
+		irq_resend_init(desc);
 	}
 	return arch_early_irq_init();
 }
diff --git a/kernel/irq/resend.c b/kernel/irq/resend.c
index 0c46e9fe3a89..edec335c0a7a 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/resend.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/resend.c
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND
 
-/* Bitmap to handle software resend of interrupts: */
-static DECLARE_BITMAP(irqs_resend, IRQ_BITMAP_BITS);
+/* hlist_head to handle software resend of interrupts: */
+static HLIST_HEAD(irq_resend_list);
+static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(irq_resend_lock);
 
 /*
  * Run software resends of IRQ's
@@ -30,18 +31,17 @@ static DECLARE_BITMAP(irqs_resend, IRQ_BITMAP_BITS);
 static void resend_irqs(struct tasklet_struct *unused)
 {
 	struct irq_desc *desc;
-	int irq;
-
-	while (!bitmap_empty(irqs_resend, nr_irqs)) {
-		irq = find_first_bit(irqs_resend, nr_irqs);
-		clear_bit(irq, irqs_resend);
-		desc = irq_to_desc(irq);
-		if (!desc)
-			continue;
-		local_irq_disable();
+
+	raw_spin_lock_irq(&irq_resend_lock);
+	while (!hlist_empty(&irq_resend_list)) {
+		desc = hlist_entry(irq_resend_list.first, struct irq_desc,
+				   resend_node);
+		hlist_del_init(&desc->resend_node);
+		raw_spin_unlock(&irq_resend_lock);
 		desc->handle_irq(desc);
-		local_irq_enable();
+		raw_spin_lock(&irq_resend_lock);
 	}
+	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&irq_resend_lock);
 }
 
 /* Tasklet to handle resend: */
@@ -49,8 +49,6 @@ static DECLARE_TASKLET(resend_tasklet, resend_irqs);
 
 static int irq_sw_resend(struct irq_desc *desc)
 {
-	unsigned int irq = irq_desc_get_irq(desc);
-
 	/*
 	 * Validate whether this interrupt can be safely injected from
 	 * non interrupt context
@@ -70,16 +68,31 @@ static int irq_sw_resend(struct irq_desc *desc)
 		 */
 		if (!desc->parent_irq)
 			return -EINVAL;
-		irq = desc->parent_irq;
 	}
 
-	/* Set it pending and activate the softirq: */
-	set_bit(irq, irqs_resend);
+	/* Add to resend_list and activate the softirq: */
+	raw_spin_lock(&irq_resend_lock);
+	hlist_add_head(&desc->resend_node, &irq_resend_list);
+	raw_spin_unlock(&irq_resend_lock);
 	tasklet_schedule(&resend_tasklet);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+void clear_irq_resend(struct irq_desc *desc)
+{
+	raw_spin_lock(&irq_resend_lock);
+	hlist_del_init(&desc->resend_node);
+	raw_spin_unlock(&irq_resend_lock);
+}
+
+void irq_resend_init(struct irq_desc *desc)
+{
+	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&desc->resend_node);
+}
 #else
+void clear_irq_resend(struct irq_desc *desc) {}
+void irq_resend_init(struct irq_desc *desc) {}
+
 static int irq_sw_resend(struct irq_desc *desc)
 {
 	return -EINVAL;
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v4 2/3] genirq: Encapsulate sparse bitmap handling

[Shanker Donthineni]

Move the open coded sparse bitmap handling into helper functions as
a preparatory step for converting the sparse interrupt management
to a maple tree.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Shanker Donthineni <sdonthineni@nvidia.com>
---
 kernel/irq/internals.h |  4 ++--
 kernel/irq/irqdesc.c   | 28 +++++++++++++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/irq/internals.h b/kernel/irq/internals.h
index 51fc8c497c22..f3f2090dd2de 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/internals.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/internals.h
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ
-# define IRQ_BITMAP_BITS	(NR_IRQS + 8196)
+# define MAX_SPARSE_IRQS	(NR_IRQS + 8196)
 #else
-# define IRQ_BITMAP_BITS	NR_IRQS
+# define MAX_SPARSE_IRQS	NR_IRQS
 #endif
 
 #define istate core_internal_state__do_not_mess_with_it
diff --git a/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c b/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
index f4cb34c87ae7..a741a37d3641 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
@@ -131,7 +131,18 @@ int nr_irqs = NR_IRQS;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nr_irqs);
 
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(sparse_irq_lock);
-static DECLARE_BITMAP(allocated_irqs, IRQ_BITMAP_BITS);
+static DECLARE_BITMAP(allocated_irqs, MAX_SPARSE_IRQS);
+
+static int irq_find_free_area(unsigned int from, unsigned int cnt)
+{
+	return bitmap_find_next_zero_area(allocated_irqs, MAX_SPARSE_IRQS,
+					  from, cnt, 0);
+}
+
+static unsigned int irq_find_next_irq(unsigned int offset)
+{
+	return find_next_bit(allocated_irqs, nr_irqs, offset);
+}
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ
 
@@ -517,7 +528,7 @@ static int alloc_descs(unsigned int start, unsigned int cnt, int node,
 
 static int irq_expand_nr_irqs(unsigned int nr)
 {
-	if (nr > IRQ_BITMAP_BITS)
+	if (nr > MAX_SPARSE_IRQS)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	nr_irqs = nr;
 	return 0;
@@ -535,11 +546,11 @@ int __init early_irq_init(void)
 	printk(KERN_INFO "NR_IRQS: %d, nr_irqs: %d, preallocated irqs: %d\n",
 	       NR_IRQS, nr_irqs, initcnt);
 
-	if (WARN_ON(nr_irqs > IRQ_BITMAP_BITS))
-		nr_irqs = IRQ_BITMAP_BITS;
+	if (WARN_ON(nr_irqs > MAX_SPARSE_IRQS))
+		nr_irqs = MAX_SPARSE_IRQS;
 
-	if (WARN_ON(initcnt > IRQ_BITMAP_BITS))
-		initcnt = IRQ_BITMAP_BITS;
+	if (WARN_ON(initcnt > MAX_SPARSE_IRQS))
+		initcnt = MAX_SPARSE_IRQS;
 
 	if (initcnt > nr_irqs)
 		nr_irqs = initcnt;
@@ -812,8 +823,7 @@ __irq_alloc_descs(int irq, unsigned int from, unsigned int cnt, int node,
 
 	mutex_lock(&sparse_irq_lock);
 
-	start = bitmap_find_next_zero_area(allocated_irqs, IRQ_BITMAP_BITS,
-					   from, cnt, 0);
+	start = irq_find_free_area(from, cnt);
 	ret = -EEXIST;
 	if (irq >=0 && start != irq)
 		goto unlock;
@@ -838,7 +848,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__irq_alloc_descs);
  */
 unsigned int irq_get_next_irq(unsigned int offset)
 {
-	return find_next_bit(allocated_irqs, nr_irqs, offset);
+	return irq_find_next_irq(offset);
 }
 
 struct irq_desc *
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v4 3/3] genirq: Use the maple tree for IRQ descriptors management

[Shanker Donthineni]

The current implementation uses a static bitmap and a radix tree
to manage IRQ allocation and irq_desc pointer store respectively.
However, the size of the bitmap is constrained by the build time
macro MAX_SPARSE_IRQS, which may not be sufficient to support the
high-end servers, particularly those with GICv4.1 hardware, which
require a large interrupt space to cover LPIs and vSGIs.

The maple tree is a highly efficient data structure for storing
non-overlapping ranges and can handle a large number of entries,
up to ULONG_MAX. It can be utilized for both storing interrupt
descriptors and identifying available free spaces.

The interrupt descriptors management can be simplified by switching
to a maple tree data structure, which offers greater flexibility
and scalability. To support modern servers, the maximum number of
IRQs has been increased to INT_MAX, which provides a more adequate
value than the previous limit of NR_IRQS+8192.

Signed-off-by: Shanker Donthineni <sdonthineni@nvidia.com>
---
 kernel/irq/internals.h |  2 +-
 kernel/irq/irqdesc.c   | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/irq/internals.h b/kernel/irq/internals.h
index f3f2090dd2de..7bdb7507efb0 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/internals.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/internals.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ
-# define MAX_SPARSE_IRQS	(NR_IRQS + 8196)
+# define MAX_SPARSE_IRQS	INT_MAX
 #else
 # define MAX_SPARSE_IRQS	NR_IRQS
 #endif
diff --git a/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c b/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
index a741a37d3641..0db3ad799a3f 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
-#include <linux/radix-tree.h>
-#include <linux/bitmap.h>
+#include <linux/maple_tree.h>
 #include <linux/irqdomain.h>
 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
 
@@ -131,17 +130,39 @@ int nr_irqs = NR_IRQS;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nr_irqs);
 
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(sparse_irq_lock);
-static DECLARE_BITMAP(allocated_irqs, MAX_SPARSE_IRQS);
+static struct maple_tree sparse_irqs = MTREE_INIT_EXT(sparse_irqs,
+					MT_FLAGS_ALLOC_RANGE |
+					MT_FLAGS_LOCK_EXTERN |
+					MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU,
+					sparse_irq_lock);
 
 static int irq_find_free_area(unsigned int from, unsigned int cnt)
 {
-	return bitmap_find_next_zero_area(allocated_irqs, MAX_SPARSE_IRQS,
-					  from, cnt, 0);
+	MA_STATE(mas, &sparse_irqs, 0, 0);
+
+	if (mas_empty_area(&mas, from, MAX_SPARSE_IRQS, cnt))
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	return mas.index;
 }
 
 static unsigned int irq_find_next_irq(unsigned int offset)
 {
-	return find_next_bit(allocated_irqs, nr_irqs, offset);
+	unsigned long index = offset;
+	struct irq_desc *desc = mt_find(&sparse_irqs, &index, nr_irqs);
+
+	return desc ? irq_desc_get_irq(desc) : nr_irqs;
+}
+
+static void irq_insert_desc(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc)
+{
+	MA_STATE(mas, &sparse_irqs, irq, irq);
+	WARN_ON(mas_store_gfp(&mas, desc, GFP_KERNEL) != 0);
+}
+
+static void delete_irq_desc(unsigned int irq)
+{
+	MA_STATE(mas, &sparse_irqs, irq, irq);
+	mas_erase(&mas);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ
@@ -355,26 +376,14 @@ static void irq_sysfs_del(struct irq_desc *desc) {}
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS */
 
-static RADIX_TREE(irq_desc_tree, GFP_KERNEL);
-
-static void irq_insert_desc(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc)
-{
-	radix_tree_insert(&irq_desc_tree, irq, desc);
-}
-
 struct irq_desc *irq_to_desc(unsigned int irq)
 {
-	return radix_tree_lookup(&irq_desc_tree, irq);
+	return mtree_load(&sparse_irqs, irq);
 }
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_64_HV_MODULE
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(irq_to_desc);
 #endif
 
-static void delete_irq_desc(unsigned int irq)
-{
-	radix_tree_delete(&irq_desc_tree, irq);
-}
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 static void free_masks(struct irq_desc *desc)
 {
@@ -517,7 +526,6 @@ static int alloc_descs(unsigned int start, unsigned int cnt, int node,
 		irq_sysfs_add(start + i, desc);
 		irq_add_debugfs_entry(start + i, desc);
 	}
-	bitmap_set(allocated_irqs, start, cnt);
 	return start;
 
 err:
@@ -557,7 +565,6 @@ int __init early_irq_init(void)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < initcnt; i++) {
 		desc = alloc_desc(i, node, 0, NULL, NULL);
-		set_bit(i, allocated_irqs);
 		irq_insert_desc(i, desc);
 	}
 	return arch_early_irq_init();
@@ -612,6 +619,7 @@ static void free_desc(unsigned int irq)
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&desc->lock, flags);
 	desc_set_defaults(irq, desc, irq_desc_get_node(desc), NULL, NULL);
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock, flags);
+	delete_irq_desc(irq);
 }
 
 static inline int alloc_descs(unsigned int start, unsigned int cnt, int node,
@@ -624,8 +632,8 @@ static inline int alloc_descs(unsigned int start, unsigned int cnt, int node,
 		struct irq_desc *desc = irq_to_desc(start + i);
 
 		desc->owner = owner;
+		irq_insert_desc(start + i, desc);
 	}
-	bitmap_set(allocated_irqs, start, cnt);
 	return start;
 }
 
@@ -637,7 +645,7 @@ static int irq_expand_nr_irqs(unsigned int nr)
 void irq_mark_irq(unsigned int irq)
 {
 	mutex_lock(&sparse_irq_lock);
-	bitmap_set(allocated_irqs, irq, 1);
+	irq_insert_desc(irq, irq_desc + irq);
 	mutex_unlock(&sparse_irq_lock);
 }
 
@@ -781,7 +789,6 @@ void irq_free_descs(unsigned int from, unsigned int cnt)
 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
 		free_desc(from + i);
 
-	bitmap_clear(allocated_irqs, from, cnt);
 	mutex_unlock(&sparse_irq_lock);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(irq_free_descs);
-- 
2.25.1