[PATCH net-next v6 0/2] net: wwan: support DTR/RTS on AT ports via MHI IP_CTRL

[PATCH net-next v6 0/2] net: wwan: support DTR/RTS on AT ports via MHI IP_CTRL

[Peter Hunt]

Qualcomm/Sierra SDX55/SDX65 modems (e.g. EM9291) withhold unsolicited AT
result codes until the host asserts DTR. The in-tree mhi_wwan_ctrl driver
exposes AT ports but never signals DTR, so URCs never reach userspace.

Patch 1 extends the wwan core with an optional ->dtr_rts(port, mdmbits)
port op. The TIOCM bitmask state is tracked in the wwan core, which raises
DTR/RTS on first open of an AT port whose driver implements ->dtr_rts,
drops them on last close and on port removal, and passes the resolved
bitmask to the driver on TIOCMSET/TIOCMBIC/TIOCMBIS.

Patch 2 adds a second mhi_driver to mhi_wwan_ctrl that binds the IP_CTRL
channel and implements ->dtr_rts by sending the host serial state to the
modem over that channel. The existing AT/QMI/MBIM data path is untouched.

This is now a two-patch series. The pci_generic patch from v5 that
enumerates the IP_CTRL channel for the Sierra EM919x/EM929x has been
applied to mhi-next by Mani as commit 83c29a55b89e ("bus: mhi: host:
pci_generic: Add IP_CTRL channel for Sierra EM919x/EM929x"). There is no
build dependency between the two, without that commit the IP_CTRL driver
simply never binds and ->dtr_rts is a no-op.

Note on the ->dtr_rts signature (Loic):

In v3 I replaced ->tiocmget/->tiocmset with ->dtr_rts(port, bool on)
modelled on tty_port_operations, and moved the TIOCM handling into the
wwan core, as you suggested on v2. Review of v3 and v4 then pointed out
that a single bool cannot represent the two lines independently. With
TIOCMBIC/TIOCMBIS on one line while the other is in the opposite state,
the line state sent to the modem no longer matches what TIOCMGET reports
(e.g. RTS re-asserted after TIOCMBIC(TIOCM_RTS)).

Since v5 the op keeps the dtr_rts name and the core still owns all TIOCM
handling, but it is passed the resolved TIOCM bitmask instead of a bool,
so the driver can drive DTR and RTS independently. I kept the dtr_rts
name deliberately, following your v2 preference over ->tiocmset, even
though the signature now differs from tty_port_operations.dtr_rts. The
open/close paths still behave as tty_port dtr_rts does. Is this
acceptable to you, or would you prefer a different shape, for example a
bool ->dtr_rts for open/close plus a separate op for the ioctl path?

Changes in v6:
- Rebased onto net-next, dropped the pci_generic patch (now in mhi-next)
- Patch 1: snapshot mdmbits under data_lock before calling ->dtr_rts from
  the open/close paths
- Patch 2: allocate the IP_CTRL DL sink buffer separately instead of
  embedding it in struct mhi_wwan_dtr (DMA safety on non-coherent
  platforms), and do not requeue it when the DL transfer completes with an
  error such as -ENOTCONN during channel teardown

v5: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260819224927.2274790-1-peter.hunt@opengear.com/
v4: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260816121705.858013-1-peter.hunt@opengear.com/
v3: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260807215042.2714442-1-peter.hunt@opengear.com/
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260806155253.3378294-1-peter.hunt@opengear.com/
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260804233411.1953445-1-peter.hunt@opengear.com/

Peter Hunt (2):
  net: wwan: core: propagate modem control signals to port drivers
  net: wwan: mhi_wwan_ctrl: drive DTR/RTS via the IP_CTRL channel

 drivers/net/wwan/mhi_wwan_ctrl.c | 205 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 drivers/net/wwan/wwan_core.c     |  46 ++++++-
 include/linux/wwan.h             |   3 +
 3 files changed, 252 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net-next v6 1/2] net: wwan: core: propagate modem control signals to port drivers

[Peter Hunt]

The WWAN character device emulates the TTY modem-control ioctls
(TIOCMGET/TIOCMSET/TIOCMBIC/TIOCMBIS) for AT and QCDM ports, but the
result is only stored in port->at_data.mdmbits and never reaches the port
driver. A driver therefore cannot act on the host raising or dropping
DTR/RTS, even though some modems depend on it (e.g. they withhold
unsolicited AT result codes until the host asserts DTR).

Add an optional ->dtr_rts(port, mdmbits) operation to struct wwan_port_ops.
Drivers that implement it receive the full TIOCM bitmask so they can assert
or de-assert DTR and RTS independently. The wwan core tracks the full TIOCM
bitmask in port->at_data.mdmbits and calls ->dtr_rts when it changes, gated
on WWAN_PORT_AT to match the open/close raise/drop behaviour.

Also raise DTR/RTS in wwan_port_op_start on first open of an AT port when
the driver implements ->dtr_rts, and drop them in wwan_port_op_stop on
last close. This mirrors TTY semantics (DTR is asserted on open) and means
individual drivers do not need to implement this themselves.

at_data.mdmbits is protected by data_lock. In the ioctl path the ->dtr_rts
call is deferred until ops_lock is held, where mdmbits is re-read under
data_lock, so the value passed to the driver always reflects the committed
bitmask under ops_lock and is serialised against concurrent ioctls and
against port removal (which nulls port->ops under ops_lock).

wwan_remove_port() is also updated to call ->dtr_rts(port, 0) before
->stop() when a port is removed while still open, mirroring the last-close
de-assert path.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hunt <peter.hunt@opengear.com>
---
v6: Rebase onto net-next. Snapshot mdmbits under data_lock before calling
    ->dtr_rts from wwan_port_op_start()/wwan_port_op_stop(), rather than
    reading it after data_lock has been released
v5: Change ->dtr_rts signature from bool to unsigned int mdmbits so DTR
    and RTS can be driven independently; re-read mdmbits inside ops_lock
    in the ioctl path to close a concurrent-ioctl ordering race; add
    de-assert call to wwan_remove_port() for the hot-unplug case; update
    kernel-doc to note the op is AT-only and describe the mdmbits argument
v4: Protect at_data.mdmbits in wwan_port_op_start/stop under data_lock;
    release data_lock and acquire ops_lock with a NULL check before calling
    ->dtr_rts from the ioctl path; gate ioctl ->dtr_rts on WWAN_PORT_AT to
    match open/close behaviour; reduce boolean to TIOCM_DTR only
v3: Replace ->tiocmget/->tiocmset with ->dtr_rts(port, bool on) modelled
    on tty_port_operations.dtr_rts; raise/drop DTR/RTS in
    wwan_port_op_start/stop rather than in the driver (Loic Poulain)
---
 drivers/net/wwan/wwan_core.c | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/wwan.h         |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/wwan/wwan_core.c b/drivers/net/wwan/wwan_core.c
index ffbcf11e4e68..d201d395a003 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wwan/wwan_core.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wwan/wwan_core.c
@@ -685,6 +685,12 @@ void wwan_remove_port(struct wwan_port *port)
 
 	mutex_lock(&port->ops_lock);
 	if (port->start_count) {
+		if (port->type == WWAN_PORT_AT && port->ops->dtr_rts) {
+			mutex_lock(&port->data_lock);
+			port->at_data.mdmbits &= ~(TIOCM_DTR | TIOCM_RTS);
+			mutex_unlock(&port->data_lock);
+			port->ops->dtr_rts(port, 0);
+		}
 		port->ops->stop(port);
 		port->start_count = 0;
 	}
@@ -759,8 +765,20 @@ static int wwan_port_op_start(struct wwan_port *port)
 	if (!port->start_count)
 		ret = port->ops->start(port);
 
-	if (!ret)
+	if (!ret) {
 		port->start_count++;
+		/* Mirror TTY semantics: raise DTR/RTS on first open of an AT port */
+		if (port->start_count == 1 && port->type == WWAN_PORT_AT &&
+		    port->ops->dtr_rts) {
+			unsigned int bits;
+
+			mutex_lock(&port->data_lock);
+			port->at_data.mdmbits |= TIOCM_DTR | TIOCM_RTS;
+			bits = port->at_data.mdmbits;
+			mutex_unlock(&port->data_lock);
+			port->ops->dtr_rts(port, bits);
+		}
+	}
 
 out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&port->ops_lock);
@@ -773,6 +791,16 @@ static void wwan_port_op_stop(struct wwan_port *port)
 	mutex_lock(&port->ops_lock);
 	port->start_count--;
 	if (!port->start_count) {
+		/* Mirror TTY semantics: drop DTR/RTS on last close of an AT port */
+		if (port->ops && port->type == WWAN_PORT_AT && port->ops->dtr_rts) {
+			unsigned int bits;
+
+			mutex_lock(&port->data_lock);
+			port->at_data.mdmbits &= ~(TIOCM_DTR | TIOCM_RTS);
+			bits = port->at_data.mdmbits;
+			mutex_unlock(&port->data_lock);
+			port->ops->dtr_rts(port, bits);
+		}
 		if (port->ops)
 			port->ops->stop(port);
 		skb_queue_purge(&port->rxq);
@@ -980,6 +1008,7 @@ static long wwan_port_fops_at_ioctl(struct wwan_port *port, unsigned int cmd,
 				    unsigned long arg)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
+	bool call_dtr_rts = false;
 
 	mutex_lock(&port->data_lock);
 
@@ -1036,6 +1065,8 @@ static long wwan_port_fops_at_ioctl(struct wwan_port *port, unsigned int cmd,
 			port->at_data.mdmbits |= mdmbits;
 		else
 			port->at_data.mdmbits = mdmbits;
+		if (port->type == WWAN_PORT_AT)
+			call_dtr_rts = true;
 		break;
 	}
 
@@ -1061,6 +1092,19 @@ static long wwan_port_fops_at_ioctl(struct wwan_port *port, unsigned int cmd,
 
 	mutex_unlock(&port->data_lock);
 
+	if (call_dtr_rts) {
+		unsigned int bits;
+
+		mutex_lock(&port->ops_lock);
+		if (port->ops && port->ops->dtr_rts) {
+			mutex_lock(&port->data_lock);
+			bits = port->at_data.mdmbits;
+			mutex_unlock(&port->data_lock);
+			port->ops->dtr_rts(port, bits);
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&port->ops_lock);
+	}
+
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/wwan.h b/include/linux/wwan.h
index 1e0e2cb53579..57406139304e 100644
--- a/include/linux/wwan.h
+++ b/include/linux/wwan.h
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ struct wwan_port;
  * @tx_blocking: Optional blocking routine that sends WWAN port protocol data
  *               to the device.
  * @tx_poll: Optional routine that sets additional TX poll flags.
+ * @dtr_rts: Optional routine that updates the modem control lines to match
+ *           @mdmbits (a TIOCM_* bitmask). Only called for WWAN_PORT_AT ports.
  *
  * The wwan_port_ops structure contains a list of low-level operations
  * that control a WWAN port device. All functions are mandatory unless specified.
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ struct wwan_port_ops {
 	int (*tx_blocking)(struct wwan_port *port, struct sk_buff *skb);
 	__poll_t (*tx_poll)(struct wwan_port *port, struct file *filp,
 			    poll_table *wait);
+	void (*dtr_rts)(struct wwan_port *port, unsigned int mdmbits);
 };
 
 /** struct wwan_port_caps - The WWAN port capbilities
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net-next v6 2/2] net: wwan: mhi_wwan_ctrl: drive DTR/RTS via the IP_CTRL channel

[Peter Hunt]

Qualcomm/Sierra SDX55/SDX65 modems withhold unsolicited AT result codes
(URCs such as +CREG, and the +DMI OMA-DM/LwM2M session indications) on
an AT port until the host asserts DTR. mhi_wwan_ctrl exposed the AT
(DUN) ports but had no way to signal DTR, so URCs never reached
userspace.

Carry the host serial-control lines to the modem over the dedicated
IP_CTRL MHI channel, which this module now also binds. IP_CTRL uses a
separate mhi_driver with its own callbacks so the AT/QMI/MBIM data path
is untouched; the control-channel device for each MHI controller is
tracked in a small registry so an AT port drives the IP_CTRL channel of
its own modem (multiple modems are supported).

The wwan core (patch 1) raises DTR/RTS on first open and drops them on
last close for any AT port whose driver implements ->dtr_rts, so no
open/close handling is needed here. The new ->dtr_rts op lets userspace
assert or de-assert them via TIOCMSET/TIOCMBIC/TIOCMBIS. Received
device->host serial state messages are silently discarded; a single
recycled sink buffer keeps the IP_CTRL DL ring live so the modem's
transmit path does not stall.

->dtr_rts is void, following the tty_port_operations model it is modelled
on. Delivery is best-effort: at_data.mdmbits always reflects the committed
userspace intent for TIOCMGET regardless of whether the IP_CTRL message was
queued, and the next ioctl or open/close cycle will resynchronise the modem
state. mhi_queue_buf failing on a stable IP_CTRL channel is not expected in
normal operation; the DL sink buffer ensures the channel remains open.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hunt <peter.hunt@opengear.com>
---
v6: Rebase onto net-next. Allocate the IP_CTRL DL sink buffer separately
    instead of embedding it in struct mhi_wwan_dtr, so DMA cache
    maintenance on non-coherent platforms cannot touch neighbouring fields.
    Do not requeue the sink buffer from the DL callback when the transfer
    completes with an error (e.g. -ENOTCONN during channel teardown)
v5: Implement ->dtr_rts(port, mdmbits) and drive DTR and RTS
    independently. Pre-queue an RX sink buffer in probe and requeue it in
    the DL callback so the IP_CTRL DL ring does not run empty and stall
    the modem's transmit path
v4: Add dev_dbg when IP_CTRL channel is not enumerated for this controller
    and when mhi_queue_buf fails, to aid diagnosis of the "URCs missing"
    case on controllers that do not declare IP_CTRL
v3: Remove is_at_port, implement ->dtr_rts instead of ->tiocmset,
    open/close DTR raise/drop handled by wwan core (Loic Poulain)
---
 drivers/net/wwan/mhi_wwan_ctrl.c | 205 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 204 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/wwan/mhi_wwan_ctrl.c b/drivers/net/wwan/mhi_wwan_ctrl.c
index a31d8540fbb8..b94484a1657d 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wwan/mhi_wwan_ctrl.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wwan/mhi_wwan_ctrl.c
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Copyright (c) 2021, Linaro Ltd <loic.poulain@linaro.org> */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/mhi.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/termios.h>
 #include <linux/wwan.h>
 
 /* MHI wwan flags */
@@ -14,6 +18,31 @@ enum mhi_wwan_flags {
 
 #define MHI_WWAN_MAX_MTU	0x8000
 
+/* IP_CTRL channel message that sets the modem's DTR/RTS control lines */
+struct mhi_dtr_ctrl_msg {
+	__le32 preamble;
+	__le32 msg_id;
+	__le32 dest_id;
+	__le32 size;
+	__le32 msg;
+} __packed;
+
+#define MHI_DTR_CTRL_MAGIC	0x4C525443	/* 'CTRL' */
+#define MHI_DTR_MSG_DTR		BIT(0)
+#define MHI_DTR_MSG_RTS		BIT(1)
+#define MHI_DTR_HOST_STATE	0x10
+
+/* Per-controller IP_CTRL channel, used to signal DTR/RTS to that modem */
+struct mhi_wwan_dtr {
+	struct mhi_controller *cntrl;
+	struct mhi_device *mhi_dev;
+	struct list_head node;
+	struct mhi_dtr_ctrl_msg *rx_buf; /* DL sink, separate allocation for DMA safety */
+};
+
+static LIST_HEAD(mhi_wwan_dtr_list);
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(mhi_wwan_dtr_lock);
+
 struct mhi_wwan_dev {
 	/* Lower level is a mhi dev, upper level is a wwan port */
 	struct mhi_device *mhi_dev;
@@ -103,6 +132,61 @@ static void mhi_wwan_ctrl_refill_work(struct work_struct *work)
 	}
 }
 
+/* Signal the modem's DTR/RTS lines over its own controller's IP_CTRL channel */
+static int mhi_wwan_ctrl_send_dtr(struct mhi_wwan_dev *mhiwwan, unsigned int mdmbits)
+{
+	struct mhi_controller *cntrl = mhiwwan->mhi_dev->mhi_cntrl;
+	struct mhi_device *ctrl_dev = NULL;
+	struct mhi_dtr_ctrl_msg *dtr_msg;
+	struct mhi_wwan_dtr *dtr;
+	u32 msg = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	guard(mutex)(&mhi_wwan_dtr_lock);
+
+	list_for_each_entry(dtr, &mhi_wwan_dtr_list, node) {
+		if (dtr->cntrl == cntrl) {
+			ctrl_dev = dtr->mhi_dev;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!ctrl_dev) {
+		dev_dbg(&mhiwwan->mhi_dev->dev,
+			"IP_CTRL not enumerated; DTR/RTS not signalled to modem\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	dtr_msg = kzalloc_obj(*dtr_msg);
+	if (!dtr_msg)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (mdmbits & TIOCM_DTR)
+		msg |= MHI_DTR_MSG_DTR;
+	if (mdmbits & TIOCM_RTS)
+		msg |= MHI_DTR_MSG_RTS;
+
+	dtr_msg->preamble = cpu_to_le32(MHI_DTR_CTRL_MAGIC);
+	dtr_msg->msg_id = cpu_to_le32(MHI_DTR_HOST_STATE);
+	dtr_msg->dest_id = cpu_to_le32(mhiwwan->mhi_dev->ul_chan_id);
+	dtr_msg->size = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(__le32));
+	dtr_msg->msg = cpu_to_le32(msg);
+
+	ret = mhi_queue_buf(ctrl_dev, DMA_TO_DEVICE, dtr_msg, sizeof(*dtr_msg),
+			    MHI_EOT);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_dbg(&mhiwwan->mhi_dev->dev,
+			"failed to queue DTR/RTS signal: %d\n", ret);
+		kfree(dtr_msg);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void mhi_wwan_ctrl_dtr_rts(struct wwan_port *port, unsigned int mdmbits)
+{
+	mhi_wwan_ctrl_send_dtr(wwan_port_get_drvdata(port), mdmbits);
+}
+
 static int mhi_wwan_ctrl_start(struct wwan_port *port)
 {
 	struct mhi_wwan_dev *mhiwwan = wwan_port_get_drvdata(port);
@@ -163,6 +247,7 @@ static const struct wwan_port_ops wwan_pops = {
 	.start = mhi_wwan_ctrl_start,
 	.stop = mhi_wwan_ctrl_stop,
 	.tx = mhi_wwan_ctrl_tx,
+	.dtr_rts = mhi_wwan_ctrl_dtr_rts,
 };
 
 static void mhi_ul_xfer_cb(struct mhi_device *mhi_dev,
@@ -255,6 +340,86 @@ static void mhi_wwan_ctrl_remove(struct mhi_device *mhi_dev)
 	kfree(mhiwwan);
 }
 
+/* IP_CTRL channel driver, bound separately so the data-port path is untouched */
+static void mhi_wwan_dtr_ul_xfer_cb(struct mhi_device *mhi_dev,
+				    struct mhi_result *mhi_result)
+{
+	/* MHI core has done with the buffer, release it */
+	kfree(mhi_result->buf_addr);
+}
+
+static void mhi_wwan_dtr_dl_xfer_cb(struct mhi_device *mhi_dev,
+				    struct mhi_result *mhi_result)
+{
+	struct mhi_wwan_dtr *dtr = dev_get_drvdata(&mhi_dev->dev);
+
+	/* Channel is being torn down (e.g. -ENOTCONN), do not requeue */
+	if (mhi_result->transaction_status &&
+	    mhi_result->transaction_status != -EOVERFLOW)
+		return;
+
+	/* Modem serial state not needed, requeue the sink buffer to keep DL ring live */
+	mhi_queue_buf(mhi_dev, DMA_FROM_DEVICE, dtr->rx_buf,
+		      sizeof(*dtr->rx_buf), MHI_EOT);
+}
+
+static int mhi_wwan_dtr_probe(struct mhi_device *mhi_dev,
+			      const struct mhi_device_id *id)
+{
+	struct mhi_wwan_dtr *dtr;
+	int ret;
+
+	dtr = kzalloc_obj(*dtr);
+	if (!dtr)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	dtr->rx_buf = kmalloc_obj(*dtr->rx_buf);
+	if (!dtr->rx_buf) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err_free_dtr;
+	}
+
+	ret = mhi_prepare_for_transfer(mhi_dev);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_free_buf;
+
+	dtr->cntrl = mhi_dev->mhi_cntrl;
+	dtr->mhi_dev = mhi_dev;
+	dev_set_drvdata(&mhi_dev->dev, dtr);
+
+	ret = mhi_queue_buf(mhi_dev, DMA_FROM_DEVICE, dtr->rx_buf,
+			    sizeof(*dtr->rx_buf), MHI_EOT);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_unprepare;
+
+	mutex_lock(&mhi_wwan_dtr_lock);
+	list_add(&dtr->node, &mhi_wwan_dtr_list);
+	mutex_unlock(&mhi_wwan_dtr_lock);
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_unprepare:
+	mhi_unprepare_from_transfer(mhi_dev);
+err_free_buf:
+	kfree(dtr->rx_buf);
+err_free_dtr:
+	kfree(dtr);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void mhi_wwan_dtr_remove(struct mhi_device *mhi_dev)
+{
+	struct mhi_wwan_dtr *dtr = dev_get_drvdata(&mhi_dev->dev);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mhi_wwan_dtr_lock);
+	list_del(&dtr->node);
+	mutex_unlock(&mhi_wwan_dtr_lock);
+
+	mhi_unprepare_from_transfer(mhi_dev);
+	kfree(dtr->rx_buf);
+	kfree(dtr);
+}
+
 static const struct mhi_device_id mhi_wwan_ctrl_match_table[] = {
 	{ .chan = "DUN", .driver_data = WWAN_PORT_AT },
 	{ .chan = "DUN2", .driver_data = WWAN_PORT_AT },
@@ -278,7 +443,45 @@ static struct mhi_driver mhi_wwan_ctrl_driver = {
 	},
 };
 
-module_mhi_driver(mhi_wwan_ctrl_driver);
+static const struct mhi_device_id mhi_wwan_dtr_match_table[] = {
+	{ .chan = "IP_CTRL" },
+	{},
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(mhi, mhi_wwan_dtr_match_table);
+
+static struct mhi_driver mhi_wwan_dtr_driver = {
+	.id_table = mhi_wwan_dtr_match_table,
+	.remove = mhi_wwan_dtr_remove,
+	.probe = mhi_wwan_dtr_probe,
+	.ul_xfer_cb = mhi_wwan_dtr_ul_xfer_cb,
+	.dl_xfer_cb = mhi_wwan_dtr_dl_xfer_cb,
+	.driver = {
+		.name = "mhi_wwan_dtr",
+	},
+};
+
+static int __init mhi_wwan_ctrl_init(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = mhi_driver_register(&mhi_wwan_dtr_driver);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = mhi_driver_register(&mhi_wwan_ctrl_driver);
+	if (ret)
+		mhi_driver_unregister(&mhi_wwan_dtr_driver);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+module_init(mhi_wwan_ctrl_init);
+
+static void __exit mhi_wwan_ctrl_exit(void)
+{
+	mhi_driver_unregister(&mhi_wwan_ctrl_driver);
+	mhi_driver_unregister(&mhi_wwan_dtr_driver);
+}
+module_exit(mhi_wwan_ctrl_exit);
 
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MHI WWAN CTRL Driver");
-- 
2.43.0