[PATCH 0/8] mm: remove page_swap_entry()

[PATCH 0/8] mm: remove page_swap_entry()

[Tal Zussman]

A folio in the swap cache occupies folio_nr_pages() contiguous swap
entries starting at folio->swap, so a page's swap entry is just
folio->swap plus the page's index in the folio. The swap entry is
folio state, but the only helper for it is page-based:
page_swap_entry() takes a page and recomputes the folio its callers
already hold. Several callers avoid it by open-coding the arithmetic
on folio->swap instead.

Add folio_swap_entry() and folio_page_swap_entry(), convert all users,
and remove page_swap_entry(), with a few other cleanups along the way.

---
Tal Zussman (8):
      mm/swap: add folio_swap_entry() and folio_page_swap_entry()
      mm/huge_memory: use folio_swap_entry() when splitting a swapcache folio
      mm/rmap: use folio_page_swap_entry() in ttu_anon_swapbacked_folio()
      mm/zswap: convert the store path to take a folio and index
      mm/swapfile: use folio_page_swap_entry()
      arm64: mte: make mte_save_tags() and mte_restore_tags() static
      arm64: mte: pass the swap entry to mte_save_tags()
      mm/swap: remove page_swap_entry()

 arch/arm64/include/asm/mte.h |  2 --
 arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c      | 32 ++++++++++++++------------------
 include/linux/swap.h         | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 mm/huge_memory.c             |  2 +-
 mm/rmap.c                    |  2 +-
 mm/swapfile.c                |  4 ++--
 mm/zswap.c                   | 25 +++++++++++--------------
 7 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: da6c37ed8beb273e3308e42d4bca3ce11b4432fa
change-id: 20260807-folio_swap_entry-e53d68610de0

Best regards,
--  
Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>

[PATCH 1/8] mm/swap: add folio_swap_entry() and folio_page_swap_entry()

[Tal Zussman]

A folio in the swap cache occupies folio_nr_pages() contiguous swap
entries starting at folio->swap, so a page's swap entry is just
folio->swap plus the page's index in the folio. page_swap_entry() hides
this behind a compound_head() call, and callers that already have the
folio sometimes open-code the arithmetic instead.

Add folio_swap_entry(), which takes a folio and a page index, and
folio_page_swap_entry() for callers that have the page.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 include/linux/swap.h | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
index 0f953ed9c863..48632aacbc2a 100644
--- a/include/linux/swap.h
+++ b/include/linux/swap.h
@@ -278,6 +278,39 @@ struct swap_info_struct {
 	const struct swap_ops *ops;
 };
 
+/**
+ * folio_swap_entry - Return the swap entry for a page within a folio.
+ * @folio: The folio.
+ * @idx: The index of the page within the folio.
+ *
+ * A folio in the swap cache occupies folio_nr_pages() contiguous swap
+ * entries starting at folio->swap. The caller must ensure the folio is
+ * in the swap cache and that @idx is within the folio.
+ */
+static inline
+swp_entry_t folio_swap_entry(const struct folio *folio, unsigned long idx)
+{
+	swp_entry_t entry = folio->swap;
+
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(idx >= folio_nr_pages(folio), folio);
+	entry.val += idx;
+	return entry;
+}
+
+/**
+ * folio_page_swap_entry - Return the swap entry of a page in a folio.
+ * @folio: The folio containing @page.
+ * @page: A page within @folio.
+ *
+ * The caller must ensure the folio is in the swap cache and that @page
+ * is part of @folio.
+ */
+static inline swp_entry_t folio_page_swap_entry(const struct folio *folio,
+		const struct page *page)
+{
+	return folio_swap_entry(folio, folio_page_idx(folio, page));
+}
+
 static inline swp_entry_t page_swap_entry(struct page *page)
 {
 	struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);

-- 
2.39.5

[PATCH 2/8] mm/huge_memory: use folio_swap_entry() when splitting a swapcache folio

[Tal Zussman]

__split_folio_to_order() open-codes the swap entry computation for the
split-out folios. Use folio_swap_entry() instead.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 mm/huge_memory.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 54494c3fa983..03287f995d92 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -3760,7 +3760,7 @@ static void __split_folio_to_order(struct folio *folio, int old_order,
 		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(new_folio->private, new_head);
 
 		if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
-			new_folio->swap.val = folio->swap.val + i;
+			new_folio->swap = folio_swap_entry(folio, i);
 
 		/* Page flags must be visible before we make the page non-compound. */
 		smp_wmb();

-- 
2.39.5

Re: [PATCH 2/8] mm/huge_memory: use folio_swap_entry() when splitting a swapcache folio

[Zi Yan]

On Sun Aug 30, 2026 at 6:32 AM EDT, Tal Zussman wrote:
> __split_folio_to_order() open-codes the swap entry computation for the
> split-out folios. Use folio_swap_entry() instead.
>
> No functional change.
>
> Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
> ---
>  mm/huge_memory.c | 2 +-
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index 54494c3fa983..03287f995d92 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -3760,7 +3760,7 @@ static void __split_folio_to_order(struct folio *folio, int old_order,
>  		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(new_folio->private, new_head);
>  
>  		if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
> -			new_folio->swap.val = folio->swap.val + i;
> +			new_folio->swap = folio_swap_entry(folio, i);

folio_swap_entry() checks folio_nr_pages(folio) internally.
folio->_nr_pages is in first tail page of folio. If new_order is 0, it
is basically checking memcg_data in the first new_folio. And after first
iteration, folio->_nr_page will be clobbered. Without
NR_PAGES_IN_LARGE_FOLIO, folio_nr_pages() is derived from folio_order(),
which is in folio->_flags_1. It can have the same issue.

Please keep it open coded. You can add a comment like "during split,
not all folio fields are avaialbe, open code the swap calculation".

>  
>  		/* Page flags must be visible before we make the page non-compound. */
>  		smp_wmb();

-- 
Best Regards,
Yan, Zi

Re: [PATCH 2/8] mm/huge_memory: use folio_swap_entry() when splitting a swapcache folio

[Tal Zussman]

On 8/31/26 5:50 PM, Zi Yan wrote:
> On Sun Aug 30, 2026 at 6:32 AM EDT, Tal Zussman wrote:
>> __split_folio_to_order() open-codes the swap entry computation for the
>> split-out folios. Use folio_swap_entry() instead.
>>
>> No functional change.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
>> ---
>>  mm/huge_memory.c | 2 +-
>>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
>> index 54494c3fa983..03287f995d92 100644
>> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
>> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
>> @@ -3760,7 +3760,7 @@ static void __split_folio_to_order(struct folio *folio, int old_order,
>>  		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(new_folio->private, new_head);
>>  
>>  		if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
>> -			new_folio->swap.val = folio->swap.val + i;
>> +			new_folio->swap = folio_swap_entry(folio, i);
> 
> folio_swap_entry() checks folio_nr_pages(folio) internally.
> folio->_nr_pages is in first tail page of folio. If new_order is 0, it
> is basically checking memcg_data in the first new_folio. And after first
> iteration, folio->_nr_page will be clobbered. Without
> NR_PAGES_IN_LARGE_FOLIO, folio_nr_pages() is derived from folio_order(),
> which is in folio->_flags_1. It can have the same issue.
> 
> Please keep it open coded. You can add a comment like "during split,
> not all folio fields are avaialbe, open code the swap calculation".
> 

Thanks, I'll drop this change.

I was debating whether the warning was worth adding. It'd be nice to
avoid accessing swap.val directly and abstract it away, but given that
that's done in a few other places too, open-coding it is fine.

>>  
>>  		/* Page flags must be visible before we make the page non-compound. */
>>  		smp_wmb();
> 
> -- 
> Best Regards,
> Yan, Zi
> 

[PATCH 3/8] mm/rmap: use folio_page_swap_entry() in ttu_anon_swapbacked_folio()

[Tal Zussman]

We already have the folio here, so use folio_page_swap_entry() instead
of going through page_swap_entry(). This saves a call to
compound_head().

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 mm/rmap.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index fed0362e0bd0..ef34126c6ce8 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ static bool ttu_anon_swapbacked_folio(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 {
 	const bool anon_exclusive = folio_test_anon(folio) &&
 				    PageAnonExclusive(page);
-	swp_entry_t entry = page_swap_entry(page);
+	swp_entry_t entry = folio_page_swap_entry(folio, page);
 	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
 
 	if (folio_dup_swap(folio, page) < 0)

-- 
2.39.5

[PATCH 4/8] mm/zswap: convert the store path to take a folio and index

[Tal Zussman]

zswap_store_page() and zswap_compress() take a page that zswap_store()
just derived from a folio, then convert back to a folio for the swap
entry, memcg, and node. Pass the folio and page index down instead, and
use sg_set_folio() and kmap_local_folio(). zswap_decompress() already
takes a folio, so this also makes the two paths match.

This removes the last struct page usage from the zswap store path and
saves two calls to compound_head().

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 mm/zswap.c | 25 +++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/zswap.c b/mm/zswap.c
index f3ae3c81e48e..3a6f89017646 100644
--- a/mm/zswap.c
+++ b/mm/zswap.c
@@ -824,8 +824,8 @@ static int zswap_cpu_comp_prepare(unsigned int cpu, struct hlist_node *node)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static bool zswap_compress(struct page *page, struct zswap_entry *entry,
-			   struct zswap_pool *pool)
+static bool zswap_compress(struct folio *folio, long index,
+			   struct zswap_entry *entry, struct zswap_pool *pool)
 {
 	struct crypto_acomp_ctx *acomp_ctx;
 	struct scatterlist input, output;
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ static bool zswap_compress(struct page *page, struct zswap_entry *entry,
 
 	dst = acomp_ctx->buffer;
 	sg_init_table(&input, 1);
-	sg_set_page(&input, page, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
+	sg_set_folio(&input, folio, PAGE_SIZE, index * PAGE_SIZE);
 
 	sg_init_one(&output, dst, PAGE_SIZE);
 	acomp_request_set_params(acomp_ctx->req, &input, &output, PAGE_SIZE, dlen);
@@ -870,8 +870,7 @@ static bool zswap_compress(struct page *page, struct zswap_entry *entry,
 	 */
 	if (comp_ret || !dlen || dlen >= PAGE_SIZE) {
 		rcu_read_lock();
-		if (!mem_cgroup_zswap_writeback_enabled(
-					folio_memcg(page_folio(page)))) {
+		if (!mem_cgroup_zswap_writeback_enabled(folio_memcg(folio))) {
 			rcu_read_unlock();
 			comp_ret = comp_ret ? comp_ret : -EINVAL;
 			goto unlock;
@@ -879,12 +878,12 @@ static bool zswap_compress(struct page *page, struct zswap_entry *entry,
 		rcu_read_unlock();
 		comp_ret = 0;
 		dlen = PAGE_SIZE;
-		dst = kmap_local_page(page);
+		dst = kmap_local_folio(folio, index * PAGE_SIZE);
 		mapped = true;
 	}
 
 	gfp = GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_MOVABLE;
-	handle = zs_malloc(pool->zs_pool, dlen, gfp, page_to_nid(page));
+	handle = zs_malloc(pool->zs_pool, dlen, gfp, folio_nid(folio));
 	if (IS_ERR_VALUE(handle)) {
 		alloc_ret = PTR_ERR((void *)handle);
 		goto unlock;
@@ -1392,21 +1391,21 @@ static void shrink_worker(struct work_struct *w)
 * main API
 **********************************/
 
-static bool zswap_store_page(struct page *page,
+static bool zswap_store_page(struct folio *folio, long index,
 			     struct obj_cgroup *objcg,
 			     struct zswap_pool *pool)
 {
-	swp_entry_t page_swpentry = page_swap_entry(page);
+	swp_entry_t page_swpentry = folio_swap_entry(folio, index);
 	struct zswap_entry *entry, *old;
 
 	/* allocate entry */
-	entry = zswap_entry_cache_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, page_to_nid(page));
+	entry = zswap_entry_cache_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, folio_nid(folio));
 	if (!entry) {
 		zswap_reject_kmemcache_fail++;
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (!zswap_compress(page, entry, pool))
+	if (!zswap_compress(folio, index, entry, pool))
 		goto compress_failed;
 
 	old = xa_store(swap_zswap_tree(page_swpentry),
@@ -1515,9 +1514,7 @@ bool zswap_store(struct folio *folio)
 	}
 
 	for (index = 0; index < nr_pages; ++index) {
-		struct page *page = folio_page(folio, index);
-
-		if (!zswap_store_page(page, objcg, pool))
+		if (!zswap_store_page(folio, index, objcg, pool))
 			goto put_pool;
 	}
 

-- 
2.39.5

[PATCH 5/8] mm/swapfile: use folio_page_swap_entry()

[Tal Zussman]

folio_dup_swap() and folio_put_swap() open-code the swap entry
computation from folio->swap and folio_page_idx(). Use
folio_page_swap_entry() instead.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 mm/swapfile.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
index 58db70424253..c7b8e69a1227 100644
--- a/mm/swapfile.c
+++ b/mm/swapfile.c
@@ -1810,7 +1810,7 @@ int folio_dup_swap(struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
 	VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_swapcache(folio), folio);
 
 	if (page) {
-		entry.val += folio_page_idx(folio, page);
+		entry = folio_page_swap_entry(folio, page);
 		nr_pages = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -1837,7 +1837,7 @@ void folio_put_swap(struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
 	VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_swapcache(folio), folio);
 
 	if (page) {
-		entry.val += folio_page_idx(folio, page);
+		entry = folio_page_swap_entry(folio, page);
 		nr_pages = 1;
 	}
 

-- 
2.39.5

[PATCH 6/8] arm64: mte: make mte_save_tags() and mte_restore_tags() static

[Tal Zussman]

mte_save_tags() and mte_restore_tags() are only used by
arch_prepare_to_swap() and arch_swap_restore() in mteswap.c. Make them
static and remove their declarations from mte.h.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 arch/arm64/include/asm/mte.h | 2 --
 arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c      | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mte.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mte.h
index 7f7b97e09996..83f3b05fc784 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mte.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mte.h
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ unsigned long mte_copy_tags_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from,
 				      unsigned long n);
 unsigned long mte_copy_tags_to_user(void __user *to, void *from,
 				    unsigned long n);
-int mte_save_tags(struct page *page);
 void mte_save_page_tags(const void *page_addr, void *tag_storage);
-void mte_restore_tags(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page);
 void mte_restore_page_tags(void *page_addr, const void *tag_storage);
 void mte_invalidate_tags(int type, pgoff_t offset);
 void mte_invalidate_tags_area(int type);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c
index 63e8d72f202a..3c54afc8b758 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ void mte_free_tag_storage(char *storage)
 	kfree(storage);
 }
 
-int mte_save_tags(struct page *page)
+static int mte_save_tags(struct page *page)
 {
 	void *tag_storage, *ret;
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ int mte_save_tags(struct page *page)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void mte_restore_tags(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
+static void mte_restore_tags(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
 {
 	void *tags = xa_load(&mte_pages, entry.val);
 

-- 
2.39.5

[PATCH 7/8] arm64: mte: pass the swap entry to mte_save_tags()

[Tal Zussman]

arch_prepare_to_swap() derives a page from the folio only for
mte_save_tags() to recompute the folio's swap entry from that page.
Pass the entry in directly with folio_swap_entry(), matching
mte_restore_tags(), and move the page_mte_tagged() check into the
caller so we only compute the entry for tagged pages.

__mte_invalidate_tags() loses its only user, so remove it and call
mte_invalidate_tags() directly in the error path. This removes two
calls to compound_head().

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c | 30 +++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c
index 3c54afc8b758..f64202b69309 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mteswap.c
@@ -20,22 +20,17 @@ void mte_free_tag_storage(char *storage)
 	kfree(storage);
 }
 
-static int mte_save_tags(struct page *page)
+static int mte_save_tags(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
 {
 	void *tag_storage, *ret;
 
-	if (!page_mte_tagged(page))
-		return 0;
-
 	tag_storage = mte_allocate_tag_storage();
 	if (!tag_storage)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	mte_save_page_tags(page_address(page), tag_storage);
 
-	/* lookup the swap entry.val from the page */
-	ret = xa_store(&mte_pages, page_swap_entry(page).val, tag_storage,
-		       GFP_KERNEL);
+	ret = xa_store(&mte_pages, entry.val, tag_storage, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (WARN(xa_is_err(ret), "Failed to store MTE tags")) {
 		mte_free_tag_storage(tag_storage);
 		return xa_err(ret);
@@ -68,13 +63,6 @@ void mte_invalidate_tags(int type, pgoff_t offset)
 	mte_free_tag_storage(tags);
 }
 
-static inline void __mte_invalidate_tags(struct page *page)
-{
-	swp_entry_t entry = page_swap_entry(page);
-
-	mte_invalidate_tags(swp_type(entry), swp_offset(entry));
-}
-
 void mte_invalidate_tags_area(int type)
 {
 	swp_entry_t entry = swp_entry(type, 0);
@@ -102,15 +90,23 @@ int arch_prepare_to_swap(struct folio *folio)
 	nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-		err = mte_save_tags(folio_page(folio, i));
+		struct page *page = folio_page(folio, i);
+
+		if (!page_mte_tagged(page))
+			continue;
+
+		err = mte_save_tags(folio_swap_entry(folio, i), page);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 	}
 	return 0;
 
 out:
-	while (i--)
-		__mte_invalidate_tags(folio_page(folio, i));
+	while (i--) {
+		swp_entry_t swap = folio_swap_entry(folio, i);
+
+		mte_invalidate_tags(swp_type(swap), swp_offset(swap));
+	}
 	return err;
 }
 

-- 
2.39.5

[PATCH 8/8] mm/swap: remove page_swap_entry()

[Tal Zussman]

All callers have been converted to folio_swap_entry() and
folio_page_swap_entry(), so remove it.

Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman <tz2294@columbia.edu>
---
 include/linux/swap.h | 9 ---------
 1 file changed, 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
index 48632aacbc2a..2fa436958fdb 100644
--- a/include/linux/swap.h
+++ b/include/linux/swap.h
@@ -311,15 +311,6 @@ static inline swp_entry_t folio_page_swap_entry(const struct folio *folio,
 	return folio_swap_entry(folio, folio_page_idx(folio, page));
 }
 
-static inline swp_entry_t page_swap_entry(struct page *page)
-{
-	struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
-	swp_entry_t entry = folio->swap;
-
-	entry.val += folio_page_idx(folio, page);
-	return entry;
-}
-
 /* linux/mm/page_alloc.c */
 extern unsigned long totalreserve_pages;
 

-- 
2.39.5