[PATCH v2 0/3] Let userspace know about swapped out panthor GEM objects

[PATCH v2 0/3] Let userspace know about swapped out panthor GEM objects

[Nicolas Frattaroli]

Panthor has recently gained a GEM shrinker. It allows evicting memory
that backs unused GEM objects to swap.

In this series, both fdinfo and Panthor's gems debugfs are extended so
that information on evicted pages can be gathered by users through these
two methods.

---
Changes in v2:
- Change reclaimed_count to saturate at INT_MAX
- Add "evictions" column to panthor gems debugfs which prints
  reclaimed_count
- Add a patch to reduce the padding of one panthor gems debugfs column a
  bit
- Link to v1: https://patch.msgid.link/20260420-panthor-bo-reclaim-observability-v1-0-a4d1a36ee84f@collabora.com

To: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com>
To: Maxime Ripard <mripard@kernel.org>
To: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
To: David Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
To: Simona Vetter <simona@ffwll.ch>
To: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
To: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
To: Liviu Dudau <liviu.dudau@arm.com>
Cc: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: kernel@collabora.com
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Frattaroli <nicolas.frattaroli@collabora.com>

---
Nicolas Frattaroli (3):
      drm/fdinfo: Add "evicted" memory accounting
      drm/panthor: Implement evicted status for GEM objects
      drm/panthor: Reduce padding in gems debugfs for refcount

 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c            |  8 ++++++++
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h | 10 ++++++++++
 include/drm/drm_file.h                |  2 ++
 include/drm/drm_gem.h                 |  2 ++
 5 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 3f9357c30a44734d45e3093c521d52b2aefb09f5
change-id: 20260420-panthor-bo-reclaim-observability-970679c9533c

Best regards,
--  
Nicolas Frattaroli <nicolas.frattaroli@collabora.com>

[PATCH v2 1/3] drm/fdinfo: Add "evicted" memory accounting

[Nicolas Frattaroli]

Currently, there's no way to know for certain how much GPU memory was
swapped out. The difference between total and resident memory would
include newly allocated pages, which are not resident, but also aren't
swapped out.

Add a new drm_gem_object_status so drivers can signal when an object has
been evicted to swap, and add a new "evicted" counter to
drm_memory_stats.

Due to how the supported_flags bitmask is determined, the "evicted"
count won't be printed to fdinfo if there's no swapped out pages.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Frattaroli <nicolas.frattaroli@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c | 8 ++++++++
 include/drm/drm_file.h     | 2 ++
 include/drm/drm_gem.h      | 2 ++
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
index ec820686b302..5078172976c0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
@@ -868,6 +868,7 @@ int drm_memory_stats_is_zero(const struct drm_memory_stats *stats)
 		stats->private == 0 &&
 		stats->resident == 0 &&
 		stats->purgeable == 0 &&
+		stats->evicted == 0 &&
 		stats->active == 0);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_memory_stats_is_zero);
@@ -901,6 +902,10 @@ void drm_print_memory_stats(struct drm_printer *p,
 	if (supported_status & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE)
 		drm_fdinfo_print_size(p, prefix, "purgeable", region,
 				      stats->purgeable);
+
+	if (supported_status & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED)
+		drm_fdinfo_print_size(p, prefix, "evicted", region,
+				      stats->evicted);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_print_memory_stats);
 
@@ -954,6 +959,9 @@ void drm_show_memory_stats(struct drm_printer *p, struct drm_file *file)
 
 		if (s & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE)
 			status.purgeable += add_size;
+
+		if (s & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED)
+			status.evicted += add_size;
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&file->table_lock);
 
diff --git a/include/drm/drm_file.h b/include/drm/drm_file.h
index 6ee70ad65e1f..213dfecac342 100644
--- a/include/drm/drm_file.h
+++ b/include/drm/drm_file.h
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ void drm_send_event_timestamp_locked(struct drm_device *dev,
  * @resident: Total size of GEM objects backing pages
  * @purgeable: Total size of GEM objects that can be purged (resident and not active)
  * @active: Total size of GEM objects active on one or more engines
+ * @evicted: Total size of GEM objects that have been evicted to swap
  *
  * Used by drm_print_memory_stats()
  */
@@ -509,6 +510,7 @@ struct drm_memory_stats {
 	u64 resident;
 	u64 purgeable;
 	u64 active;
+	u64 evicted;
 };
 
 enum drm_gem_object_status;
diff --git a/include/drm/drm_gem.h b/include/drm/drm_gem.h
index 86f5846154f7..b42ea2e582cf 100644
--- a/include/drm/drm_gem.h
+++ b/include/drm/drm_gem.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct drm_gem_object;
  * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_RESIDENT: object is resident in memory (ie. not unpinned)
  * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE: object marked as purgeable by userspace
  * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_ACTIVE: object is currently used by an active submission
+ * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED: object is evicted to swap
  *
  * Bitmask of status used for fdinfo memory stats, see &drm_gem_object_funcs.status
  * and drm_show_fdinfo().  Note that an object can report DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ enum drm_gem_object_status {
 	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_RESIDENT  = BIT(0),
 	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE = BIT(1),
 	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_ACTIVE    = BIT(2),
+	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED   = BIT(3),
 };
 
 /**

-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v2 2/3] drm/panthor: Implement evicted status for GEM objects

[Nicolas Frattaroli]

For fdinfo to be able to fill its evicted counter with data, panthor
needs to keep track of whether a GEM object has ever been reclaimed.
Just checking whether the pages are resident isn't enough, as newly
allocated objects also won't be resident.

Do this with a new atomic_t member on panthor_gem_object. It's increased
when an object gets evicted by the shrinker, and saturates at INT_MAX.
This means that once an object has been evicted at least once, its
reclaim counter will never return to 0.

Due to this, it's possible to distinguish evicted non-resident pages
from newly allocated non-resident pages by checking whether
reclaimed_count is != 0

Use this new member to then set the appropriate DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED
status flag for fdinfo.

Also add a new column and status flag to the panthor gems debugfs: the
column is the number of times an object has been evicted, whereas the
flag indicates whether it currently is evicted.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Frattaroli <nicolas.frattaroli@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
index 69cef05b6ef7..b6fe20b7e6d0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
@@ -687,6 +687,8 @@ static void panthor_gem_evict_locked(struct panthor_gem_object *bo)
 	if (drm_WARN_ON_ONCE(bo->base.dev, !bo->backing.pages))
 		return;
 
+	atomic_add_unless(&bo->reclaimed_count, 1, INT_MAX);
+
 	panthor_gem_dev_map_cleanup_locked(bo);
 	panthor_gem_backing_cleanup_locked(bo);
 	panthor_gem_update_reclaim_state_locked(bo, NULL);
@@ -788,6 +790,8 @@ static enum drm_gem_object_status panthor_gem_status(struct drm_gem_object *obj)
 
 	if (drm_gem_is_imported(&bo->base) || bo->backing.pages)
 		res |= DRM_GEM_OBJECT_RESIDENT;
+	else if (atomic_read(&bo->reclaimed_count))
+		res |= DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED;
 
 	return res;
 }
@@ -1595,6 +1599,7 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_print_flag_names(struct seq_file *m)
 	static const char * const gem_state_flags_names[] = {
 		[PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_IMPORTED_BIT] = "imported",
 		[PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_EXPORTED_BIT] = "exported",
+		[PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_EVICTED_BIT] = "evicted",
 	};
 
 	static const char * const gem_usage_flags_names[] = {
@@ -1625,6 +1630,7 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_bo_print(struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
 {
 	enum panthor_gem_reclaim_state reclaim_state = bo->reclaim_state;
 	unsigned int refcount = kref_read(&bo->base.refcount);
+	int reclaimed_count = atomic_read(&bo->reclaimed_count);
 	char creator_info[32] = {};
 	size_t resident_size;
 	u32 gem_usage_flags = bo->debugfs.flags;
@@ -1638,16 +1644,20 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_bo_print(struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
 
 	snprintf(creator_info, sizeof(creator_info),
 		 "%s/%d", bo->debugfs.creator.process_name, bo->debugfs.creator.tgid);
-	seq_printf(m, "%-32s%-16d%-16d%-16zd%-16zd0x%-16lx",
+	seq_printf(m, "%-32s%-16d%-16d%-11d%-16zd%-16zd0x%-16lx",
 		   creator_info,
 		   bo->base.name,
 		   refcount,
+		   reclaimed_count,
 		   bo->base.size,
 		   resident_size,
 		   drm_vma_node_start(&bo->base.vma_node));
 
 	if (drm_gem_is_imported(&bo->base))
 		gem_state_flags |= PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_IMPORTED;
+	else if (!resident_size && reclaimed_count)
+		gem_state_flags |= PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_EVICTED;
+
 	if (bo->base.dma_buf)
 		gem_state_flags |= PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_EXPORTED;
 
@@ -1671,8 +1681,8 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_print_bos(struct panthor_device *ptdev,
 
 	panthor_gem_debugfs_print_flag_names(m);
 
-	seq_puts(m, "created-by                      global-name     refcount        size            resident-size   file-offset       state      usage       label\n");
-	seq_puts(m, "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+	seq_puts(m, "created-by                      global-name     refcount        evictions  size            resident-size   file-offset       state      usage       label\n");
+	seq_puts(m, "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 
 	scoped_guard(mutex, &ptdev->gems.lock) {
 		list_for_each_entry(bo, &ptdev->gems.node, debugfs.node) {
@@ -1680,7 +1690,7 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_print_bos(struct panthor_device *ptdev,
 		}
 	}
 
-	seq_puts(m, "==============================================================================================================================================\n");
+	seq_puts(m, "=========================================================================================================================================================\n");
 	seq_printf(m, "Total size: %zd, Total resident: %zd, Total reclaimable: %zd\n",
 		   totals.size, totals.resident, totals.reclaimable);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
index ae0491d0b121..56d63137b4eb 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
@@ -19,12 +19,16 @@ struct panthor_vm;
 enum panthor_debugfs_gem_state_flags {
 	PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_IMPORTED_BIT = 0,
 	PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_EXPORTED_BIT = 1,
+	PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_EVICTED_BIT = 2,
 
 	/** @PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_IMPORTED: GEM BO is PRIME imported. */
 	PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_IMPORTED = BIT(PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_IMPORTED_BIT),
 
 	/** @PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_EXPORTED: GEM BO is PRIME exported. */
 	PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_EXPORTED = BIT(PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_EXPORTED_BIT),
+
+	/** @PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_EVICTED: GEM BO is evicted to swap. */
+	PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_FLAG_EVICTED = BIT(PANTHOR_DEBUGFS_GEM_STATE_EVICTED_BIT),
 };
 
 enum panthor_debugfs_gem_usage_flags {
@@ -172,6 +176,12 @@ struct panthor_gem_object {
 	/** @reclaim_state: Cached reclaim state */
 	enum panthor_gem_reclaim_state reclaim_state;
 
+	/**
+	 * @reclaimed_count: How many times object has been evicted to swap.
+	 * The count saturates at %INT_MAX and will never wrap around to 0.
+	 */
+	atomic_t reclaimed_count;
+
 	/**
 	 * @exclusive_vm_root_gem: Root GEM of the exclusive VM this GEM object
 	 * is attached to.

-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v2 3/3] drm/panthor: Reduce padding in gems debugfs for refcount

[Nicolas Frattaroli]

The "gems" debugfs file is getting a little too wide for comfort. While
a lot of this is unavoidable due to the theoretical upper limits of
numbers here (e.g. size needs to be 16 chars because 2**48-1 in decimal
is 15 digits, plus one space for separation), the refcount column has a
decent 5 characters to be saved, as it can only ever contain a 10-digit
decimal number.

Reduce the refcount column's width to 11, which fulfils this requirement
with an additional space for separation.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Frattaroli <nicolas.frattaroli@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
index b6fe20b7e6d0..462a9d2ce319 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
@@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_bo_print(struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
 
 	snprintf(creator_info, sizeof(creator_info),
 		 "%s/%d", bo->debugfs.creator.process_name, bo->debugfs.creator.tgid);
-	seq_printf(m, "%-32s%-16d%-16d%-11d%-16zd%-16zd0x%-16lx",
+	seq_printf(m, "%-32s%-16d%-11d%-11d%-16zd%-16zd0x%-16lx",
 		   creator_info,
 		   bo->base.name,
 		   refcount,
@@ -1681,8 +1681,8 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_print_bos(struct panthor_device *ptdev,
 
 	panthor_gem_debugfs_print_flag_names(m);
 
-	seq_puts(m, "created-by                      global-name     refcount        evictions  size            resident-size   file-offset       state      usage       label\n");
-	seq_puts(m, "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+	seq_puts(m, "created-by                      global-name     refcount   evictions  size            resident-size   file-offset       state      usage       label\n");
+	seq_puts(m, "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 
 	scoped_guard(mutex, &ptdev->gems.lock) {
 		list_for_each_entry(bo, &ptdev->gems.node, debugfs.node) {
@@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@ static void panthor_gem_debugfs_print_bos(struct panthor_device *ptdev,
 		}
 	}
 
-	seq_puts(m, "=========================================================================================================================================================\n");
+	seq_puts(m, "====================================================================================================================================================\n");
 	seq_printf(m, "Total size: %zd, Total resident: %zd, Total reclaimable: %zd\n",
 		   totals.size, totals.resident, totals.reclaimable);
 }

-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] drm/fdinfo: Add "evicted" memory accounting

[Steven Price]

On 21/04/2026 11:45, Nicolas Frattaroli wrote:
> Currently, there's no way to know for certain how much GPU memory was
> swapped out. The difference between total and resident memory would
> include newly allocated pages, which are not resident, but also aren't
> swapped out.
> 
> Add a new drm_gem_object_status so drivers can signal when an object has
> been evicted to swap, and add a new "evicted" counter to
> drm_memory_stats.
> 
> Due to how the supported_flags bitmask is determined, the "evicted"
> count won't be printed to fdinfo if there's no swapped out pages.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Nicolas Frattaroli <nicolas.frattaroli@collabora.com>

You should also update the documentation to include this new field
(Documentation/gpu/drm-usage-stats.rst).

Thanks,
Steve

> ---
>  drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c | 8 ++++++++
>  include/drm/drm_file.h     | 2 ++
>  include/drm/drm_gem.h      | 2 ++
>  3 files changed, 12 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
> index ec820686b302..5078172976c0 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
> @@ -868,6 +868,7 @@ int drm_memory_stats_is_zero(const struct drm_memory_stats *stats)
>  		stats->private == 0 &&
>  		stats->resident == 0 &&
>  		stats->purgeable == 0 &&
> +		stats->evicted == 0 &&
>  		stats->active == 0);
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_memory_stats_is_zero);
> @@ -901,6 +902,10 @@ void drm_print_memory_stats(struct drm_printer *p,
>  	if (supported_status & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE)
>  		drm_fdinfo_print_size(p, prefix, "purgeable", region,
>  				      stats->purgeable);
> +
> +	if (supported_status & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED)
> +		drm_fdinfo_print_size(p, prefix, "evicted", region,
> +				      stats->evicted);
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_print_memory_stats);
>  
> @@ -954,6 +959,9 @@ void drm_show_memory_stats(struct drm_printer *p, struct drm_file *file)
>  
>  		if (s & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE)
>  			status.purgeable += add_size;
> +
> +		if (s & DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED)
> +			status.evicted += add_size;
>  	}
>  	spin_unlock(&file->table_lock);
>  
> diff --git a/include/drm/drm_file.h b/include/drm/drm_file.h
> index 6ee70ad65e1f..213dfecac342 100644
> --- a/include/drm/drm_file.h
> +++ b/include/drm/drm_file.h
> @@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ void drm_send_event_timestamp_locked(struct drm_device *dev,
>   * @resident: Total size of GEM objects backing pages
>   * @purgeable: Total size of GEM objects that can be purged (resident and not active)
>   * @active: Total size of GEM objects active on one or more engines
> + * @evicted: Total size of GEM objects that have been evicted to swap
>   *
>   * Used by drm_print_memory_stats()
>   */
> @@ -509,6 +510,7 @@ struct drm_memory_stats {
>  	u64 resident;
>  	u64 purgeable;
>  	u64 active;
> +	u64 evicted;
>  };
>  
>  enum drm_gem_object_status;
> diff --git a/include/drm/drm_gem.h b/include/drm/drm_gem.h
> index 86f5846154f7..b42ea2e582cf 100644
> --- a/include/drm/drm_gem.h
> +++ b/include/drm/drm_gem.h
> @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct drm_gem_object;
>   * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_RESIDENT: object is resident in memory (ie. not unpinned)
>   * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE: object marked as purgeable by userspace
>   * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_ACTIVE: object is currently used by an active submission
> + * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED: object is evicted to swap
>   *
>   * Bitmask of status used for fdinfo memory stats, see &drm_gem_object_funcs.status
>   * and drm_show_fdinfo().  Note that an object can report DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE
> @@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ enum drm_gem_object_status {
>  	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_RESIDENT  = BIT(0),
>  	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE = BIT(1),
>  	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_ACTIVE    = BIT(2),
> +	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_EVICTED   = BIT(3),
>  };
>  
>  /**
>