[syzbot] [ext4?] WARNING in ext4_discard_allocated_blocks

[syzbot] [ext4?] WARNING in ext4_discard_allocated_blocks

[syzbot]

Hello,

syzbot found the following issue on:

HEAD commit:    7ba2090ca64e Merge tag 'ceph-for-6.6-rc1' of https://githu..
git tree:       upstream
console+strace: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=12c57f2fa80000
kernel config:  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=ed626705db308b2d
dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=628e71e1cb809306030f
compiler:       Debian clang version 15.0.6, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40
syz repro:      https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=111acb20680000
C reproducer:   https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.c?x=112d9f34680000

Downloadable assets:
disk image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/7abbf7618c3a/disk-7ba2090c.raw.xz
vmlinux: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/694adc723518/vmlinux-7ba2090c.xz
kernel image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/3c5d9addc4e4/bzImage-7ba2090c.xz
mounted in repro: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/a4604150b51d/mount_0.gz

Bisection is inconclusive: the issue happens on the oldest tested release.

bisection log:  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/bisect.txt?x=13e3dba8680000
final oops:     https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/report.txt?x=1013dba8680000
console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=17e3dba8680000

IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
Reported-by: syzbot+628e71e1cb809306030f@syzkaller.appspotmail.com

ext4: mb_load_buddy failed (-117)
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5538 at fs/ext4/mballoc.c:4620 ext4_discard_allocated_blocks+0x5d4/0x750 fs/ext4/mballoc.c:4619
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 5538 Comm: syz-executor264 Not tainted 6.5.0-syzkaller-12107-g7ba2090ca64e #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/26/2023
RIP: 0010:ext4_discard_allocated_blocks+0x5d4/0x750 fs/ext4/mballoc.c:4619
Code: 00 0f 85 9a 01 00 00 48 8d 65 d8 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d c3 e8 eb 99 48 ff 48 c7 c7 00 42 1d 8b 44 89 fe e8 8c 14 0f ff <0f> 0b 49 bf 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df eb 98 e8 c9 99 48 ff e9 19 fe
RSP: 0018:ffffc90005006cc0 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: da27be545f79de00 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: ffff888026741dc0
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc90005006dd0 R08: ffffffff81541672 R09: 1ffff1101730516a
R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed101730516b R12: ffff888076b7a124
R13: 1ffff92000a00da0 R14: ffff888076b7a0d8 R15: 00000000ffffff8b
FS:  00007f095582f6c0(0000) GS:ffff8880b9800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000020100000 CR3: 000000001c40b000 CR4: 00000000003506f0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 ext4_mb_new_blocks+0x148f/0x4b30 fs/ext4/mballoc.c:6244
 ext4_ext_map_blocks+0x1e13/0x7150 fs/ext4/extents.c:4285
 ext4_map_blocks+0xa2f/0x1cb0 fs/ext4/inode.c:621
 _ext4_get_block+0x238/0x6a0 fs/ext4/inode.c:763
 ext4_block_write_begin+0x53d/0x1550 fs/ext4/inode.c:1043
 ext4_write_begin+0x619/0x10b0
 ext4_da_write_begin+0x300/0xa40 fs/ext4/inode.c:2865
 generic_perform_write+0x31b/0x630 mm/filemap.c:3942
 ext4_buffered_write_iter+0xc6/0x350 fs/ext4/file.c:299
 ext4_file_write_iter+0x1d3/0x1ad0 fs/ext4/file.c:717
 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:1985 [inline]
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:491 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x782/0xaf0 fs/read_write.c:584
 ksys_write+0x1a0/0x2c0 fs/read_write.c:637
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x41/0xc0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
RIP: 0033:0x7f0955872bd9
Code: 28 00 00 00 75 05 48 83 c4 28 c3 e8 b1 18 00 00 90 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 b0 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007f095582f218 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f09558fc6c8 RCX: 00007f0955872bd9
RDX: 000000000000a000 RSI: 0000000020000780 RDI: 0000000000000005
RBP: 00007f09558fc6c0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007f09558c8a38
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 6f6f6c2f7665642f R15: 0032656c69662f2e
 </TASK>


---
This report is generated by a bot. It may contain errors.
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syzbot will keep track of this issue. See:
https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#status for how to communicate with syzbot.
For information about bisection process see: https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#bisection

If the bug is already fixed, let syzbot know by replying with:
#syz fix: exact-commit-title

If you want syzbot to run the reproducer, reply with:
#syz test: git://repo/address.git branch-or-commit-hash
If you attach or paste a git patch, syzbot will apply it before testing.

If you want to overwrite bug's subsystems, reply with:
#syz set subsystems: new-subsystem
(See the list of subsystem names on the web dashboard)

If the bug is a duplicate of another bug, reply with:
#syz dup: exact-subject-of-another-report

If you want to undo deduplication, reply with:
#syz undup

Re: [syzbot] Test

[syzbot]

For archival purposes, forwarding an incoming command email to
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com.

***

Subject: Test
Author: tintinm2017@gmail.com

#syz test:
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git master

Re: [syzbot] [ext4?] WARNING in ext4_discard_allocated_blocks

[syzbot]

syzbot suspects this issue was fixed by commit:

commit 6f861765464f43a71462d52026fbddfc858239a5
Author: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Date:   Wed Nov 1 17:43:10 2023 +0000

    fs: Block writes to mounted block devices

bisection log:  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/bisect.txt?x=13e72f42180000
start commit:   7ba2090ca64e Merge tag 'ceph-for-6.6-rc1' of https://githu..
git tree:       upstream
kernel config:  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=ed626705db308b2d
dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=628e71e1cb809306030f
syz repro:      https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=111acb20680000
C reproducer:   https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.c?x=112d9f34680000

If the result looks correct, please mark the issue as fixed by replying with:

#syz fix: fs: Block writes to mounted block devices

For information about bisection process see: https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#bisection

Re: [syzbot] [ext4?] WARNING in ext4_discard_allocated_blocks

[Jan Kara]

On Thu 15-02-24 20:26:02, syzbot wrote:
> syzbot suspects this issue was fixed by commit:
> 
> commit 6f861765464f43a71462d52026fbddfc858239a5
> Author: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
> Date:   Wed Nov 1 17:43:10 2023 +0000
> 
>     fs: Block writes to mounted block devices
> 
> bisection log:  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/bisect.txt?x=13e72f42180000
> start commit:   7ba2090ca64e Merge tag 'ceph-for-6.6-rc1' of https://githu..
> git tree:       upstream
> kernel config:  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=ed626705db308b2d
> dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=628e71e1cb809306030f
> syz repro:      https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=111acb20680000
> C reproducer:   https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.c?x=112d9f34680000
> 
> If the result looks correct, please mark the issue as fixed by replying with:

Looks sensible.
 
#syz fix: fs: Block writes to mounted block devices

								Honza
-- 
Jan Kara <jack@suse.com>
SUSE Labs, CR

Re: [syzbot] test

[syzbot]

For archival purposes, forwarding an incoming command email to
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.

***

Subject: test
Author: danielyangkang@gmail.com

#syz test

Re: [syzbot] test

[syzbot]

For archival purposes, forwarding an incoming command email to
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.

***

Subject: test
Author: danielyangkang@gmail.com

#syz test

Re: [syzbot] Test

[syzbot]

For archival purposes, forwarding an incoming command email to
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com.

***

Subject: Test
Author: radoslaw.zielonek@gmail.com

#syz test 

---
 include/linux/sched.h |  7 +++++++
 kernel/sched/core.c   |  1 +
 kernel/sched/rt.c     | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/signal.c       |  9 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 17cb0761ff65..123bc16ad3d0 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1121,6 +1121,13 @@ struct task_struct {
 	size_t				sas_ss_size;
 	unsigned int			sas_ss_flags;
 
+	/*
+	 * Number of signals received by an RT task between scheduling ticks.
+	 * This counter is used to throttle RT tasks when too many signals
+	 * (e.g., POSIX timers) are sent to the task, which can cause an RCU stall.
+	 */
+	atomic_t rt_signals_recv_count; /* used outside of the rq lock */
+
 	struct callback_head		*task_works;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_AUDIT
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index d44efa0d0611..9def826bd35f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -4779,6 +4779,7 @@ int sched_fork(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *p)
 			p->policy = SCHED_NORMAL;
 			p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
 			p->rt_priority = 0;
+			atomic_set(&p->rt_signals_recv_count, 0);
 		} else if (PRIO_TO_NICE(p->static_prio) < 0)
 			p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/rt.c b/kernel/sched/rt.c
index 3261b067b67e..9b22d67d1746 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/rt.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/rt.c
@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ int sysctl_sched_rt_period = 1000000;
  */
 int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = 950000;
 
+/*
+ * To avoid an RCU stall due to a large number of signals received by RT tasks
+ * (e.g., POSIX timers), the RT task needs to be throttled.
+ * When the number of signals received by an RT task during a scheduling
+ * tick period exceeds the threshold, the RT task will be throttled.
+ * The value of 100 has not been thoroughly tested and may need adjustment.
+ */
+#define RT_RECV_SGINAL_THROTTLE_THRESHOLD 100
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
 static int sysctl_sched_rr_timeslice = (MSEC_PER_SEC * RR_TIMESLICE) / HZ;
 static int sched_rt_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
@@ -951,7 +960,7 @@ static inline int rt_se_prio(struct sched_rt_entity *rt_se)
 	return rt_task_of(rt_se)->prio;
 }
 
-static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq)
+static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq, int rt_signal_recv)
 {
 	u64 runtime = sched_rt_runtime(rt_rq);
 
@@ -966,7 +975,15 @@ static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq)
 	if (runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (rt_rq->rt_time > runtime) {
+	/*
+	 * When a large number of signals are sent to this task (e.g., POSIX timers)
+	 * the delta time deviates significantly from real time due to the overhead
+	 * of handling signals. For RT tasks, this can cause an RCU stall.
+	 * To avoid this, throttle the task when the number of signals received
+	 * exceeds a certain threshold.
+	 */
+	if (rt_rq->rt_time > runtime ||
+		rt_signal_recv >= RT_RECV_SGINAL_THROTTLE_THRESHOLD) {
 		struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b = sched_rt_bandwidth(rt_rq);
 
 		/*
@@ -1021,7 +1038,9 @@ static void update_curr_rt(struct rq *rq)
 		if (sched_rt_runtime(rt_rq) != RUNTIME_INF) {
 			raw_spin_lock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
 			rt_rq->rt_time += delta_exec;
-			exceeded = sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(rt_rq);
+			exceeded = sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(
+						rt_rq,
+						atomic_read(&curr->rt_signals_recv_count));
 			if (exceeded)
 				resched_curr(rq);
 			raw_spin_unlock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
@@ -1029,6 +1048,7 @@ static void update_curr_rt(struct rq *rq)
 				do_start_rt_bandwidth(sched_rt_bandwidth(rt_rq));
 		}
 	}
+	atomic_set(&curr->rt_signals_recv_count, 0);
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/kernel/signal.c b/kernel/signal.c
index bdca529f0f7b..d58e0ba9336c 100644
--- a/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/kernel/signal.c
@@ -629,6 +629,15 @@ int dequeue_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, sigset_t *mask,
 	bool resched_timer = false;
 	int signr;
 
+	/*
+	 * To prevent an RCU stall due to receiving too many signals by RT tasks,
+	 * count all signals regardless of their type.
+	 * Based on this counter, the RT scheduler will decide whether the task
+	 * should be throttled or not.
+	 */
+	if (tsk->policy == SCHED_FIFO || tsk->policy == SCHED_RR)
+		atomic_inc(&tsk->rt_signals_recv_count);
+
 	/* We only dequeue private signals from ourselves, we don't let
 	 * signalfd steal them
 	 */
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [syzbot] Test

[syzbot]

For archival purposes, forwarding an incoming command email to
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com.

***

Subject: Test
Author: radoslaw.zielonek@gmail.com

#syz test https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git dccb07f2914cdab2ac3a5b6c98406f765acab803

---
 include/linux/sched.h |  7 +++++++
 kernel/sched/core.c   |  1 +
 kernel/sched/rt.c     | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/signal.c       |  9 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 17cb0761ff65..123bc16ad3d0 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1121,6 +1121,13 @@ struct task_struct {
 	size_t				sas_ss_size;
 	unsigned int			sas_ss_flags;
 
+	/*
+	 * Number of signals received by an RT task between scheduling ticks.
+	 * This counter is used to throttle RT tasks when too many signals
+	 * (e.g., POSIX timers) are sent to the task, which can cause an RCU stall.
+	 */
+	atomic_t rt_signals_recv_count; /* used outside of the rq lock */
+
 	struct callback_head		*task_works;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_AUDIT
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index d44efa0d0611..9def826bd35f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -4779,6 +4779,7 @@ int sched_fork(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *p)
 			p->policy = SCHED_NORMAL;
 			p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
 			p->rt_priority = 0;
+			atomic_set(&p->rt_signals_recv_count, 0);
 		} else if (PRIO_TO_NICE(p->static_prio) < 0)
 			p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/rt.c b/kernel/sched/rt.c
index 3261b067b67e..9b22d67d1746 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/rt.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/rt.c
@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ int sysctl_sched_rt_period = 1000000;
  */
 int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = 950000;
 
+/*
+ * To avoid an RCU stall due to a large number of signals received by RT tasks
+ * (e.g., POSIX timers), the RT task needs to be throttled.
+ * When the number of signals received by an RT task during a scheduling
+ * tick period exceeds the threshold, the RT task will be throttled.
+ * The value of 100 has not been thoroughly tested and may need adjustment.
+ */
+#define RT_RECV_SGINAL_THROTTLE_THRESHOLD 100
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
 static int sysctl_sched_rr_timeslice = (MSEC_PER_SEC * RR_TIMESLICE) / HZ;
 static int sched_rt_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
@@ -951,7 +960,7 @@ static inline int rt_se_prio(struct sched_rt_entity *rt_se)
 	return rt_task_of(rt_se)->prio;
 }
 
-static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq)
+static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq, int rt_signal_recv)
 {
 	u64 runtime = sched_rt_runtime(rt_rq);
 
@@ -966,7 +975,15 @@ static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq)
 	if (runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (rt_rq->rt_time > runtime) {
+	/*
+	 * When a large number of signals are sent to this task (e.g., POSIX timers)
+	 * the delta time deviates significantly from real time due to the overhead
+	 * of handling signals. For RT tasks, this can cause an RCU stall.
+	 * To avoid this, throttle the task when the number of signals received
+	 * exceeds a certain threshold.
+	 */
+	if (rt_rq->rt_time > runtime ||
+		rt_signal_recv >= RT_RECV_SGINAL_THROTTLE_THRESHOLD) {
 		struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b = sched_rt_bandwidth(rt_rq);
 
 		/*
@@ -1021,7 +1038,9 @@ static void update_curr_rt(struct rq *rq)
 		if (sched_rt_runtime(rt_rq) != RUNTIME_INF) {
 			raw_spin_lock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
 			rt_rq->rt_time += delta_exec;
-			exceeded = sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(rt_rq);
+			exceeded = sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(
+						rt_rq,
+						atomic_read(&curr->rt_signals_recv_count));
 			if (exceeded)
 				resched_curr(rq);
 			raw_spin_unlock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
@@ -1029,6 +1048,7 @@ static void update_curr_rt(struct rq *rq)
 				do_start_rt_bandwidth(sched_rt_bandwidth(rt_rq));
 		}
 	}
+	atomic_set(&curr->rt_signals_recv_count, 0);
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/kernel/signal.c b/kernel/signal.c
index bdca529f0f7b..d58e0ba9336c 100644
--- a/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/kernel/signal.c
@@ -629,6 +629,15 @@ int dequeue_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, sigset_t *mask,
 	bool resched_timer = false;
 	int signr;
 
+	/*
+	 * To prevent an RCU stall due to receiving too many signals by RT tasks,
+	 * count all signals regardless of their type.
+	 * Based on this counter, the RT scheduler will decide whether the task
+	 * should be throttled or not.
+	 */
+	if (tsk->policy == SCHED_FIFO || tsk->policy == SCHED_RR)
+		atomic_inc(&tsk->rt_signals_recv_count);
+
 	/* We only dequeue private signals from ourselves, we don't let
 	 * signalfd steal them
 	 */
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [syzbot] Test

[syzbot]

For archival purposes, forwarding an incoming command email to
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com.

***

Subject: Test
Author: radoslaw.zielonek@gmail.com

#syz test https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git fe46a7dd189e25604716c03576d05ac8a5209743

---
 include/linux/sched.h |  7 +++++++
 kernel/sched/core.c   |  1 +
 kernel/sched/rt.c     | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/signal.c       |  9 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 17cb0761ff65..123bc16ad3d0 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1121,6 +1121,13 @@ struct task_struct {
 	size_t				sas_ss_size;
 	unsigned int			sas_ss_flags;
 
+	/*
+	 * Number of signals received by an RT task between scheduling ticks.
+	 * This counter is used to throttle RT tasks when too many signals
+	 * (e.g., POSIX timers) are sent to the task, which can cause an RCU stall.
+	 */
+	atomic_t rt_signals_recv_count; /* used outside of the rq lock */
+
 	struct callback_head		*task_works;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_AUDIT
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index d44efa0d0611..9def826bd35f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -4779,6 +4779,7 @@ int sched_fork(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *p)
 			p->policy = SCHED_NORMAL;
 			p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
 			p->rt_priority = 0;
+			atomic_set(&p->rt_signals_recv_count, 0);
 		} else if (PRIO_TO_NICE(p->static_prio) < 0)
 			p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/rt.c b/kernel/sched/rt.c
index 3261b067b67e..9b22d67d1746 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/rt.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/rt.c
@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ int sysctl_sched_rt_period = 1000000;
  */
 int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = 950000;
 
+/*
+ * To avoid an RCU stall due to a large number of signals received by RT tasks
+ * (e.g., POSIX timers), the RT task needs to be throttled.
+ * When the number of signals received by an RT task during a scheduling
+ * tick period exceeds the threshold, the RT task will be throttled.
+ * The value of 100 has not been thoroughly tested and may need adjustment.
+ */
+#define RT_RECV_SGINAL_THROTTLE_THRESHOLD 100
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
 static int sysctl_sched_rr_timeslice = (MSEC_PER_SEC * RR_TIMESLICE) / HZ;
 static int sched_rt_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
@@ -951,7 +960,7 @@ static inline int rt_se_prio(struct sched_rt_entity *rt_se)
 	return rt_task_of(rt_se)->prio;
 }
 
-static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq)
+static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq, int rt_signal_recv)
 {
 	u64 runtime = sched_rt_runtime(rt_rq);
 
@@ -966,7 +975,15 @@ static int sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(struct rt_rq *rt_rq)
 	if (runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (rt_rq->rt_time > runtime) {
+	/*
+	 * When a large number of signals are sent to this task (e.g., POSIX timers)
+	 * the delta time deviates significantly from real time due to the overhead
+	 * of handling signals. For RT tasks, this can cause an RCU stall.
+	 * To avoid this, throttle the task when the number of signals received
+	 * exceeds a certain threshold.
+	 */
+	if (rt_rq->rt_time > runtime ||
+		rt_signal_recv >= RT_RECV_SGINAL_THROTTLE_THRESHOLD) {
 		struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b = sched_rt_bandwidth(rt_rq);
 
 		/*
@@ -1021,7 +1038,9 @@ static void update_curr_rt(struct rq *rq)
 		if (sched_rt_runtime(rt_rq) != RUNTIME_INF) {
 			raw_spin_lock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
 			rt_rq->rt_time += delta_exec;
-			exceeded = sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(rt_rq);
+			exceeded = sched_rt_runtime_exceeded(
+						rt_rq,
+						atomic_read(&curr->rt_signals_recv_count));
 			if (exceeded)
 				resched_curr(rq);
 			raw_spin_unlock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
@@ -1029,6 +1048,7 @@ static void update_curr_rt(struct rq *rq)
 				do_start_rt_bandwidth(sched_rt_bandwidth(rt_rq));
 		}
 	}
+	atomic_set(&curr->rt_signals_recv_count, 0);
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/kernel/signal.c b/kernel/signal.c
index bdca529f0f7b..d58e0ba9336c 100644
--- a/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/kernel/signal.c
@@ -629,6 +629,15 @@ int dequeue_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, sigset_t *mask,
 	bool resched_timer = false;
 	int signr;
 
+	/*
+	 * To prevent an RCU stall due to receiving too many signals by RT tasks,
+	 * count all signals regardless of their type.
+	 * Based on this counter, the RT scheduler will decide whether the task
+	 * should be throttled or not.
+	 */
+	if (tsk->policy == SCHED_FIFO || tsk->policy == SCHED_RR)
+		atomic_inc(&tsk->rt_signals_recv_count);
+
 	/* We only dequeue private signals from ourselves, we don't let
 	 * signalfd steal them
 	 */
-- 
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Subject: Test
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#syz test https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git 71b1543c83d65af8215d7558d70fc2ecbee77dcf

---
 net/sched/sch_taprio.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)

diff --git a/net/sched/sch_taprio.c b/net/sched/sch_taprio.c
index a0d54b422186..41add4a1d407 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_taprio.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_taprio.c
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ static struct static_key_false taprio_have_working_mqprio;
 	(TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_FLAG_TXTIME_ASSIST | TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_FLAG_FULL_OFFLOAD)
 #define TAPRIO_FLAGS_INVALID U32_MAX
 
+#define TAPRIO_MAX_NUM_SCHEDULES_BEFORE_NOW 10
+
 struct sched_entry {
 	/* Durations between this GCL entry and the GCL entry where the
 	 * respective traffic class gate closes
@@ -62,6 +64,8 @@ struct sched_entry {
 	u32 gate_mask;
 	u32 interval;
 	u8 command;
+	/* Used to skip some cycles to prevent other tasks from starving */
+	u8 num_schedules_before_now;
 };
 
 struct sched_gate_list {
@@ -111,6 +115,9 @@ struct __tc_taprio_qopt_offload {
 	struct tc_taprio_qopt_offload offload;
 };
 
+static void setup_txtime(struct taprio_sched *q,
+			 struct sched_gate_list *sched, ktime_t base);
+
 static void taprio_calculate_gate_durations(struct taprio_sched *q,
 					    struct sched_gate_list *sched)
 {
@@ -919,6 +926,7 @@ static enum hrtimer_restart advance_sched(struct hrtimer *timer)
 	struct sched_entry *entry, *next;
 	struct Qdisc *sch = q->root;
 	ktime_t end_time;
+	ktime_t basenow;
 	int tc;
 
 	spin_lock(&q->current_entry_lock);
@@ -977,6 +985,23 @@ static enum hrtimer_restart advance_sched(struct hrtimer *timer)
 	taprio_set_budgets(q, oper, next);
 
 first_run:
+	basenow = ktime_get();
+	if (ktime_before(end_time, basenow))
+	{
+		next->num_schedules_before_now++;
+		if (next->num_schedules_before_now >= TAPRIO_MAX_NUM_SCHEDULES_BEFORE_NOW)
+		{
+			end_time = ktime_add_ns(basenow, oper->cycle_time);
+			next->end_time = end_time;
+			next->num_schedules_before_now = 0;
+			setup_txtime(q, oper, basenow);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		next->num_schedules_before_now = 0;
+	}
+
 	rcu_assign_pointer(q->current_entry, next);
 	spin_unlock(&q->current_entry_lock);
 
@@ -1074,6 +1099,7 @@ static int parse_sched_entry(struct taprio_sched *q, struct nlattr *n,
 	}
 
 	entry->index = index;
+	entry->num_schedules_before_now = 0;
 
 	return fill_sched_entry(q, tb, entry, extack);
 }
-- 
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