[PATCH 11/17] Fix a possible backwards warp of kvmclock

[Zachary Amsden <zamsden@redhat.com>]

Kernel time, which advances in discrete steps may progress much slower
than TSC.  As a result, when kvmclock is adjusted to a new base, the
apparent time to the guest, which runs at a much higher, nsec scaled
rate based on the current TSC, may have already been observed to have
a larger value (kernel_ns + scaled tsc) than the value to which we are
setting it (kernel_ns + 0).

We must instead compute the clock as potentially observed by the guest
for kernel_ns to make sure it does not go backwards.

Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zamsden@redhat.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h |    4 ++
 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c              |   79 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 1afecd7..7ec2472 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -338,6 +338,8 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_arch {
 	struct page *time_page;
 	u64 last_host_tsc;
 	u64 last_host_ns;
+	u64 last_guest_tsc;
+	u64 last_kernel_ns;
 
 	bool nmi_pending;
 	bool nmi_injected;
@@ -455,6 +457,8 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_stat {
 	u32 hypercalls;
 	u32 irq_injections;
 	u32 nmi_injections;
+	u32 tsc_overshoot;
+	u32 tsc_ahead;
 };
 
 struct kvm_x86_ops {
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index 52d7d34..703ea43 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -138,6 +138,8 @@ struct kvm_stats_debugfs_item debugfs_entries[] = {
 	{ "insn_emulation_fail", VCPU_STAT(insn_emulation_fail) },
 	{ "irq_injections", VCPU_STAT(irq_injections) },
 	{ "nmi_injections", VCPU_STAT(nmi_injections) },
+	{ "tsc_overshoot", VCPU_STAT(tsc_overshoot) },
+	{ "tsc_ahead", VCPU_STAT(tsc_ahead) },
 	{ "mmu_shadow_zapped", VM_STAT(mmu_shadow_zapped) },
 	{ "mmu_pte_write", VM_STAT(mmu_pte_write) },
 	{ "mmu_pte_updated", VM_STAT(mmu_pte_updated) },
@@ -927,33 +929,84 @@ static int kvm_recompute_guest_time(struct kvm_vcpu *v)
 	struct kvm_vcpu_arch *vcpu = &v->arch;
 	void *shared_kaddr;
 	unsigned long this_tsc_khz;
+	s64 kernel_ns, max_kernel_ns;
+	u64 tsc_timestamp;
 
 	if ((!vcpu->time_page))
 		return 0;
 
-	this_tsc_khz = get_cpu_var(cpu_tsc_khz);
-	put_cpu_var(cpu_tsc_khz);
+	/*
+	 * The protection we require is simple: we must not be preempted from
+	 * the CPU between our read of the TSC khz and our read of the TSC.
+	 * Interrupt protection is not strictly required, but it does result in
+	 * greater accuracy for the TSC / kernel_ns measurement.
+	 */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	this_tsc_khz = __get_cpu_var(cpu_tsc_khz);
+	kvm_get_msr(v, MSR_IA32_TSC, &tsc_timestamp);
+	ktime_get_ts(&ts);
+	monotonic_to_bootbased(&ts);
+	kernel_ns = timespec_to_ns(&ts);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+
 	if (unlikely(this_tsc_khz == 0)) {
 		kvm_request_guest_time_update(v);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Time as measured by the TSC may go backwards when resetting the base
+	 * tsc_timestamp.  The reason for this is that the TSC resolution is
+	 * higher than the resolution of the other clock scales.  Thus, many
+	 * possible measurments of the TSC correspond to one measurement of any
+	 * other clock, and so a spread of values is possible.  This is not a
+	 * problem for the computation of the nanosecond clock; with TSC rates
+	 * around 1GHZ, there can only be a few cycles which correspond to one
+	 * nanosecond value, and any path through this code will inevitably
+	 * take longer than that.  However, with the kernel_ns value itself,
+	 * the precision may be much lower, down to HZ granularity.  If the
+	 * first sampling of TSC against kernel_ns ends in the low part of the
+	 * range, and the second in the high end of the range, we can get:
+	 *
+	 * (TSC - offset_low) * S + kns_old > (TSC - offset_high) * S + kns_new
+	 *
+	 * As the sampling errors potentially range in the thousands of cycles,
+	 * it is possible such a time value has already been observed by the
+	 * guest.  To protect against this, we must compute the system time as
+	 * observed by the guest and ensure the new system time is greater.
+ 	 */
+	max_kernel_ns = 0;
+	if (vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_timestamp) {
+		max_kernel_ns = vcpu->last_guest_tsc -
+				vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_timestamp;
+		max_kernel_ns = pvclock_scale_delta(max_kernel_ns,
+				    vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_to_system_mul,
+				    vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_shift);
+		max_kernel_ns += vcpu->last_kernel_ns;
+	}
+
 	if (unlikely(vcpu->hw_tsc_khz != this_tsc_khz)) {
-		kvm_set_time_scale(this_tsc_khz, &vcpu->hv_clock);
+		kvm_get_time_scale(NSEC_PER_SEC / 1000, this_tsc_khz,
+				   &vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_shift,
+				   &vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_to_system_mul);
 		vcpu->hw_tsc_khz = this_tsc_khz;
 	}
 
-	/* Keep irq disabled to prevent changes to the clock */
-	local_irq_save(flags);
-	kvm_get_msr(v, MSR_IA32_TSC, &vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_timestamp);
-	ktime_get_ts(&ts);
-	monotonic_to_bootbased(&ts);
-	local_irq_restore(flags);
+	if (max_kernel_ns > kernel_ns) {
+		s64 overshoot = max_kernel_ns - kernel_ns;
+		++v->stat.tsc_ahead;
+		if (overshoot > NSEC_PER_SEC / HZ) {
+			++v->stat.tsc_overshoot;
+			if (printk_ratelimit())
+				pr_debug("ns overshoot: %lld\n", overshoot);
+		}
+		kernel_ns = max_kernel_ns;
+	}
 
 	/* With all the info we got, fill in the values */
-
-	vcpu->hv_clock.system_time = ts.tv_nsec +
-				     (NSEC_PER_SEC * (u64)ts.tv_sec) + v->kvm->arch.kvmclock_offset;
+	vcpu->hv_clock.tsc_timestamp = tsc_timestamp;
+	vcpu->hv_clock.system_time = kernel_ns + v->kvm->arch.kvmclock_offset;
+	vcpu->last_kernel_ns = kernel_ns;
 
 	vcpu->hv_clock.flags = 0;
 
@@ -4836,6 +4889,8 @@ static int vcpu_enter_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	if (hw_breakpoint_active())
 		hw_breakpoint_restore();
 
+	kvm_get_msr(vcpu, MSR_IA32_TSC, &vcpu->arch.last_guest_tsc);
+
 	atomic_set(&vcpu->guest_mode, 0);
 	smp_wmb();
 	local_irq_enable();
-- 
1.7.1