From: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
To: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Cc: "Kevin Brodsky" <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>,
"Andrew Morton" <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
"Ard Biesheuvel" <ardb+git@google.com>,
"Andy Lutomirski" <luto@kernel.org>,
"Catalin Marinas" <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
"Dave Hansen" <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
"David Hildenbrand (Arm)" <david@kernel.org>,
"Jann Horn" <jannh@google.com>, "Jeff Xu" <jeffxu@chromium.org>,
"Joey Gouly" <joey.gouly@arm.com>, "Kees Cook" <kees@kernel.org>,
"Linu Cherian" <linu.cherian@arm.com>,
"Linus Walleij" <linusw@kernel.org>,
"Marc Zyngier" <maz@kernel.org>,
"Mark Brown" <broonie@kernel.org>,
"Matthew Wilcox" <willy@infradead.org>,
"Maxwell Bland" <mbland@motorola.com>,
"Mike Rapoport (IBM)" <rppt@kernel.org>,
"Peter Zijlstra" <peterz@infradead.org>,
"Pierre Langlois" <pierre.langlois@arm.com>,
"Pierre-Clément Tosi" <ptosi@google.com>,
"Quentin Perret" <qperret@google.com>,
"Rick Edgecombe" <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>,
"Ryan Roberts" <ryan.roberts@arm.com>,
"Vlastimil Babka" <vbabka@kernel.org>,
"Will Deacon" <will@kernel.org>,
"Yang Shi" <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>,
"Yeoreum Yun" <yeoreum.yun@arm.com>,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-mm@kvack.org,
x86@kernel.org, "Ira Weiny" <iweiny@kernel.org>,
"Lorenzo Stoakes" <ljs@kernel.org>,
"Thomas Gleixner" <tglx@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH RFC v10 12/22] mm: kpkeys: Protect regular page tables
Date: Mon, 09 Nov 2026 15:58:37 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20261109-kpkeys-v10-12-aa6c4d9603bc@arm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261109-kpkeys-v10-0-aa6c4d9603bc@arm.com>
If the kpkeys_hardened_pgtables feature is enabled, page table pages
(PTPs) should be protected by modifying the linear mapping to map
them with a privileged pkey (KPKEYS_PKEY_PGTABLES). This patch
introduces a new page allocator for that purpose:
* kpkeys_pgtable_alloc() allocates a new PTP and sets the linear
mapping to KPKEYS_PKEY_PGTABLES for that page
* kpkeys_pgtable_free() frees such a PTP and restores the linear
mapping to the default pkey
This interface is then hooked into pagetable_alloc() and
pagetable_free(), protecting all page tables created once the buddy
allocator is available. Early page tables are allocated in other
ways and will be protected in subsequent patches.
This implementation of kpkeys_pgtable_{alloc,free}() is minimal and
relies on the linear map being fully PTE-mapped - otherwise
calling set_direct_map_pkey() on a single page may result in
splitting a block mapping, which in turn requires allocating a new
PTP. A more elaborate implementation could be added later to handle
this situation.
Reviewed-by: Yeoreum Yun <yeoreum.yun@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
---
include/linux/kpkeys.h | 10 +++++++++
include/linux/mm.h | 14 +++++++++++--
mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/kpkeys.h b/include/linux/kpkeys.h
index cd3281223778..6c183c86b7d2 100644
--- a/include/linux/kpkeys.h
+++ b/include/linux/kpkeys.h
@@ -119,6 +119,9 @@ static inline bool kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_early_enabled(void)
return arch_supports_kpkeys_early();
}
+struct page *kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order);
+void kpkeys_pgtable_free(struct page *page, unsigned int order);
+
void kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_init(void);
#else /* CONFIG_KPKEYS_HARDENED_PGTABLES */
@@ -133,6 +136,13 @@ static inline bool kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_early_enabled(void)
return false;
}
+static inline struct page *kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order)
+{
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void kpkeys_pgtable_free(struct page *page, unsigned int order) {}
+
static inline void kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_init(void) {}
#endif /* CONFIG_KPKEYS_HARDENED_PGTABLES */
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 6af3b7008f1a..2af713841035 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include <linux/iommu-debug-pagealloc.h>
#include <linux/kcsan-checks.h>
#include <linux/vmemmap-optimization.h>
+#include <linux/kpkeys.h>
struct mempolicy;
struct anon_vma;
@@ -3950,7 +3951,12 @@ static inline bool ptdesc_test_kernel(const struct ptdesc *ptdesc)
*/
static inline struct ptdesc *pagetable_alloc_noprof(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order)
{
- struct page *page = alloc_pages_noprof(gfp | __GFP_COMP, order);
+ struct page *page;
+
+ if (kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_enabled())
+ page = kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp | __GFP_COMP, order);
+ else
+ page = alloc_pages_noprof(gfp | __GFP_COMP, order);
return page_ptdesc(page);
}
@@ -3959,8 +3965,12 @@ static inline struct ptdesc *pagetable_alloc_noprof(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int orde
static inline void __pagetable_free(struct ptdesc *pt)
{
struct page *page = ptdesc_page(pt);
+ unsigned int order = compound_order(page);
- __free_pages(page, compound_order(page));
+ if (kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_enabled())
+ kpkeys_pgtable_free(page, order);
+ else
+ __free_pages(page, order);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ASYNC_KERNEL_PGTABLE_FREE
diff --git a/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c b/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c
index 4c654e0cf585..2311fd8da6bb 100644
--- a/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c
+++ b/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c
@@ -1,12 +1,59 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#include <linux/kpkeys.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/set_memory.h>
#include <kunit/visibility.h>
__ro_after_init DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_key);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_key);
+static int set_pkey_pgtable(struct page *page, unsigned int nr_pages)
+{
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = set_direct_map_pkey(addr, nr_pages, KPKEYS_PKEY_PGTABLES);
+
+ WARN_ON(ret);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int set_pkey_default(struct page *page, unsigned int nr_pages)
+{
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = set_direct_map_pkey(addr, nr_pages, 0);
+
+ WARN_ON(ret);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+struct page *kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order)
+{
+ struct page *page;
+ int ret;
+
+ page = alloc_pages_noprof(gfp, order);
+ if (!page)
+ return page;
+
+ ret = set_pkey_pgtable(page, 1 << order);
+ if (ret) {
+ __free_pages(page, order);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return page;
+}
+
+void kpkeys_pgtable_free(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
+{
+ set_pkey_default(page, 1 << order);
+ __free_pages(page, order);
+}
+
void __init kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_init(void)
{
if (!kpkeys_supported())
--
2.56.0
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-11-09 16:01 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 24+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-11-09 15:58 [PATCH RFC v10 00/22] pkeys-based page table hardening Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 01/22] mm: Introduce kpkeys Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 02/22] set_memory: Introduce set_direct_map_pkey() stub Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 03/22] arm64: Introduce por_elx_set_pkey_perms() helper Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 04/22] arm64: Implement asm/kpkeys.h using POE Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 05/22] arm64: set_memory: Implement set_direct_map_pkey() Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 06/22] arm64: Disable EL2 trapping of POR_EL1 Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 07/22] arm64: Initialize POR_EL1 register on cpu_resume() Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 08/22] arm64: Context-switch POR_EL1 Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 09/22] arm64: mm: Enable overlays for all EL1 indirect permissions Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 10/22] arm64: Enable kpkeys Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 11/22] mm: kpkeys: Introduce kpkeys_hardened_pgtables feature Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` Kevin Brodsky [this message]
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 13/22] mm: kpkeys: Protect early kernel page tables Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 14/22] mm: kpkeys: Protect vmemmap " Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 15/22] arm64: kpkeys: Implement arch_supports_kpkeys_early() Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 16/22] arm64: kpkeys: Support KPKEYS_CTX_PGTABLES Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 17/22] arm64: kpkeys: Ensure the linear map can be modified Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 18/22] arm64: kpkeys: Guard page table writes Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 19/22] arm64: kpkeys: Batch KPKEYS_CTX_PGTABLES switches Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 20/22] arm64: kpkeys: Enable kpkeys_hardened_pgtables support Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 21/22] arm64: mm: Map kernel image alias of init_pg_dir read-only Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 22/22] mm: Add basic tests for kpkeys_hardened_pgtables Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 19:28 ` Mark Brown
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