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From: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
To: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Cc: "Kevin Brodsky" <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>,
	"Andrew Morton" <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	"Ard Biesheuvel" <ardb+git@google.com>,
	"Andy Lutomirski" <luto@kernel.org>,
	"Catalin Marinas" <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
	"Dave Hansen" <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
	"David Hildenbrand (Arm)" <david@kernel.org>,
	"Jann Horn" <jannh@google.com>, "Jeff Xu" <jeffxu@chromium.org>,
	"Joey Gouly" <joey.gouly@arm.com>, "Kees Cook" <kees@kernel.org>,
	"Linu Cherian" <linu.cherian@arm.com>,
	"Linus Walleij" <linusw@kernel.org>,
	"Marc Zyngier" <maz@kernel.org>,
	"Mark Brown" <broonie@kernel.org>,
	"Matthew Wilcox" <willy@infradead.org>,
	"Maxwell Bland" <mbland@motorola.com>,
	"Mike Rapoport (IBM)" <rppt@kernel.org>,
	"Peter Zijlstra" <peterz@infradead.org>,
	"Pierre Langlois" <pierre.langlois@arm.com>,
	"Pierre-Clément Tosi" <ptosi@google.com>,
	"Quentin Perret" <qperret@google.com>,
	"Rick Edgecombe" <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>,
	"Ryan Roberts" <ryan.roberts@arm.com>,
	"Vlastimil Babka" <vbabka@kernel.org>,
	"Will Deacon" <will@kernel.org>,
	"Yang Shi" <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>,
	"Yeoreum Yun" <yeoreum.yun@arm.com>,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-mm@kvack.org,
	x86@kernel.org, "Ira Weiny" <iweiny@kernel.org>,
	"Lorenzo Stoakes" <ljs@kernel.org>,
	"Thomas Gleixner" <tglx@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH RFC v10 18/22] arm64: kpkeys: Guard page table writes
Date: Mon, 09 Nov 2026 15:58:43 +0000	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20261109-kpkeys-v10-18-aa6c4d9603bc@arm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261109-kpkeys-v10-0-aa6c4d9603bc@arm.com>

When CONFIG_KPKEYS_HARDENED_PGTABLES is enabled, page tables (both
user and kernel) are mapped with a privileged pkey in the linear
mapping. As a result, they can only be written in a privileged
kpkeys context.

Introduce a kpkeys guard that sets POR_EL1 appropriately to allow
writing to page tables, and use this guard wherever necessary. The
scope is kept as small as possible, so that POR_EL1 is quickly reset
to its default value. Where atomics are involved, the guard's scope
encompasses the whole loop to avoid switching POR_EL1 unnecessarily.

This patch is a no-op if CONFIG_KPKEYS_HARDENED_PGTABLES is disabled
(default).

Reviewed-by: Yeoreum Yun <yeoreum.yun@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
---
 arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 arch/arm64/mm/fault.c            | 17 ++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
index a474c9fb485a..5f46d4cb3882 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@
 #include <linux/mm_types.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/page_table_check.h>
+#include <linux/kpkeys.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KPKEYS_HARDENED_PGTABLES
+KPKEYS_GUARD_COND(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables, KPKEYS_CTX_PGTABLES,
+		  kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_enabled())
+#else
+KPKEYS_GUARD_NOOP(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)
+#endif
 
 static inline void emit_pte_barriers(void)
 {
@@ -360,6 +368,7 @@ static inline pte_t pte_clear_uffd(pte_t pte)
 
 static inline void __set_pte_nosync(pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte)
 {
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	WRITE_ONCE(*ptep, pte);
 }
 
@@ -789,6 +798,7 @@ static inline void set_pmd(pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmd)
 	}
 #endif /* __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED */
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	WRITE_ONCE(*pmdp, pmd);
 
 	if (pmd_valid(pmd))
@@ -850,6 +860,7 @@ static inline void set_pud(pud_t *pudp, pud_t pud)
 		return;
 	}
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	WRITE_ONCE(*pudp, pud);
 
 	if (pud_valid(pud))
@@ -928,6 +939,7 @@ static inline void set_p4d(p4d_t *p4dp, p4d_t p4d)
 		return;
 	}
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	WRITE_ONCE(*p4dp, p4d);
 	queue_pte_barriers();
 }
@@ -1053,6 +1065,7 @@ static inline void set_pgd(pgd_t *pgdp, pgd_t pgd)
 		return;
 	}
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	WRITE_ONCE(*pgdp, pgd);
 	queue_pte_barriers();
 }
@@ -1254,6 +1267,7 @@ static inline bool __ptep_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 {
 	pte_t old_pte, pte;
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	pte = __ptep_get(ptep);
 	do {
 		old_pte = pte;
@@ -1301,7 +1315,10 @@ static inline pte_t __ptep_get_and_clear_anysz(struct mm_struct *mm,
 					       pte_t *ptep,
 					       unsigned long pgsize)
 {
-	pte_t pte = __pte(xchg_relaxed(&pte_val(*ptep), 0));
+	pte_t pte;
+
+	scoped_guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)
+		pte = __pte(xchg_relaxed(&pte_val(*ptep), 0));
 
 	switch (pgsize) {
 	case PAGE_SIZE:
@@ -1374,6 +1391,7 @@ static inline void ___ptep_set_wrprotect(struct mm_struct *mm,
 {
 	pte_t old_pte;
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	do {
 		old_pte = pte;
 		pte = pte_wrprotect(pte);
@@ -1407,6 +1425,7 @@ static inline void __clear_young_dirty_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 {
 	pte_t old_pte;
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	do {
 		old_pte = pte;
 
@@ -1454,6 +1473,7 @@ static inline pmd_t pmdp_establish(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmd)
 {
 	page_table_check_pmd_set(vma->vm_mm, address, pmdp, pmd);
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	return __pmd(xchg_relaxed(&pmd_val(*pmdp), pmd_val(pmd)));
 }
 #endif
@@ -1784,6 +1804,7 @@ static inline bool ptep_try_set(pte_t *ptep, pte_t new_pte)
 {
 	pteval_t old = 0;
 
+	guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables)();
 	if (!try_cmpxchg(&pte_val(*ptep), &old, pte_val(new_pte)))
 		return false;
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
index b22736853fcd..37a4d8187aa1 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
@@ -239,13 +239,16 @@ int __ptep_set_access_flags_anysz(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	 */
 	pte_val(entry) ^= PTE_RDONLY;
 	pteval = pte_val(pte);
-	do {
-		old_pteval = pteval;
-		pteval ^= PTE_RDONLY;
-		pteval |= pte_val(entry);
-		pteval ^= PTE_RDONLY;
-		pteval = cmpxchg_relaxed(&pte_val(*ptep), old_pteval, pteval);
-	} while (pteval != old_pteval);
+	scoped_guard(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables) {
+		do {
+			old_pteval = pteval;
+			pteval ^= PTE_RDONLY;
+			pteval |= pte_val(entry);
+			pteval ^= PTE_RDONLY;
+			pteval = cmpxchg_relaxed(&pte_val(*ptep), old_pteval,
+						 pteval);
+		} while (pteval != old_pteval);
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Invalidate the local stale read-only entry.  Remote stale entries

-- 
2.56.0


  parent reply	other threads:[~2026-11-09 16:02 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 24+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2026-11-09 15:58 [PATCH RFC v10 00/22] pkeys-based page table hardening Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 01/22] mm: Introduce kpkeys Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 02/22] set_memory: Introduce set_direct_map_pkey() stub Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 03/22] arm64: Introduce por_elx_set_pkey_perms() helper Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 04/22] arm64: Implement asm/kpkeys.h using POE Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 05/22] arm64: set_memory: Implement set_direct_map_pkey() Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 06/22] arm64: Disable EL2 trapping of POR_EL1 Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 07/22] arm64: Initialize POR_EL1 register on cpu_resume() Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 08/22] arm64: Context-switch POR_EL1 Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 09/22] arm64: mm: Enable overlays for all EL1 indirect permissions Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 10/22] arm64: Enable kpkeys Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 11/22] mm: kpkeys: Introduce kpkeys_hardened_pgtables feature Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 12/22] mm: kpkeys: Protect regular page tables Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 13/22] mm: kpkeys: Protect early kernel " Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 14/22] mm: kpkeys: Protect vmemmap " Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 15/22] arm64: kpkeys: Implement arch_supports_kpkeys_early() Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 16/22] arm64: kpkeys: Support KPKEYS_CTX_PGTABLES Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 17/22] arm64: kpkeys: Ensure the linear map can be modified Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` Kevin Brodsky [this message]
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 19/22] arm64: kpkeys: Batch KPKEYS_CTX_PGTABLES switches Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 20/22] arm64: kpkeys: Enable kpkeys_hardened_pgtables support Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 21/22] arm64: mm: Map kernel image alias of init_pg_dir read-only Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 15:58 ` [PATCH RFC v10 22/22] mm: Add basic tests for kpkeys_hardened_pgtables Kevin Brodsky
2026-11-09 19:28   ` Mark Brown

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