[PATCH net v2 0/5] net: fix misc signed overflows caused by bad sysctl values

[PATCH net v2 0/5] net: fix misc signed overflows caused by bad sysctl values

[Jiayuan Chen]

Recently I have reviewed quite a few fixes for variable overflows caused
by config values, i.e. a value set from sysctl, module params or netlink
that is accepted as valid but later overflows when it is used in a
calculation. I believe there are more of these still out there, so I
used an LLM to dig through the code and it found the issues fixed in
this series.

All of them have been reproduced and verified in QEMU.

v2:
 - gc_elasticity, mld_qrv, igmp_qrv: store the sysctl as u8 and use
   proc_dou8vec_minmax(), as suggested by Kuniyuki
 - docs: add the missing "Maximum: 255" to the mld_qrv and igmp_qrv
   entries in ip-sysctl.rst
 - message_cost: add proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax() instead of a local
   handler, as Joel suggested
 - redirect_load: reject negative values as well
 - kept Fernando's Reviewed-by on gc_elasticity, mld_qrv and igmp_qrv:
   v2 narrows the storage type to u8, the fix itself is the same
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20261023091419.167088-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/

Jiayuan Chen (5):
  ipv6: restrict gc_elasticity to 31
  ipv4: fix shift-out-of-bounds in ip_rt_send_redirect()
  ipv6: restrict mld_qrv to 255
  ipv4: restrict igmp_qrv to 255
  net: restrict message_cost and message_burst to non-negative values

 Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst        |  4 ++
 .../net_cachelines/netns_ipv4_sysctl.rst      |  2 +-
 include/linux/jiffies.h                       |  2 +
 include/net/ipv6.h                            |  2 +-
 include/net/netns/ipv4.h                      |  2 +-
 include/net/netns/ipv6.h                      |  2 +-
 kernel/time/jiffies.c                         | 40 +++++++++++++++++++
 net/core/sysctl_net_core.c                    |  6 ++-
 net/ipv4/route.c                              | 10 +++--
 net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c                    |  4 +-
 net/ipv6/mcast.c                              |  2 +-
 net/ipv6/route.c                              |  7 +++-
 net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c                    |  4 +-
 13 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v2 1/5] ipv6: restrict gc_elasticity to 31

[Jiayuan Chen]

Every counted IPv6 dst allocation runs ip6_dst_gc() once the number of
live dst goes over gc_thresh (1024 by default). ip6_dst_gc() decays
ip6_rt_gc_expire by gc_elasticity: the smaller gc_elasticity is, the
smaller ip6_rt_gc_expire gets, i.e. the more aggressive the gc.

ip6_dst_gc() reads ip6_rt_gc_expire into a u32, but gc_elasticity has no
bounds at all, so writing >= 32 shifts a 32-bit value by >= 32 bits, and
a negative value gives a negative shift count. Both are UB:

	val = atomic_read(&net->ipv6.ip6_rt_gc_expire);
	atomic_set(&net->ipv6.ip6_rt_gc_expire, val - (val >> rt_elasticity));

  UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in net/ipv6/route.c:3369:53
  shift exponent 32 is too large for 32-bit type 'unsigned int'
  CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 615 Comm: ping6 Not tainted 7.3.0-rc7+ #364 PREEMPT
  Call Trace:
   <IRQ>
   dump_stack_lvl+0xc1/0xf0
   dump_stack+0x10/0x20
   __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x1d1/0x390
   ip6_dst_gc.cold+0x15/0x1a
   dst_alloc+0x4e0/0x620
   ip6_rt_cache_alloc+0x189/0x7e0
   __ip6_rt_update_pmtu+0x68e/0x1160
   ip6_update_pmtu+0x30c/0x3a0
   icmpv6_err+0x1fa/0x330
   icmpv6_notify+0x303/0x770
   icmpv6_rcv+0xc12/0x1670
   ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu+0xb4a/0x1520
   ip6_input_finish+0x19c/0x400
   ip6_input+0xd4/0x240
   ipv6_rcv+0x1fd/0x330
   __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x118/0x1c0
   __netif_receive_skb+0x21/0x150
   process_backlog+0x37e/0x1200
   __napi_poll.constprop.0+0xa5/0x5e0
   net_rx_action+0x4c0/0xf70
   handle_softirqs+0x204/0x9b0
   __do_softirq+0x10/0x18

Make it a u8 and reject writes outside 0..31 with proc_dou8vec_minmax().

Fixes: 1da177e4c3f4 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Fernando Fernandez Mancera <fmancera@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
v2: switched to u8 and proc_dou8vec_minmax(), as suggested by Kuniyuki
Iwashima.
---
 include/net/netns/ipv6.h | 2 +-
 net/ipv6/route.c         | 7 +++++--
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/net/netns/ipv6.h b/include/net/netns/ipv6.h
index ffda15318be59..aefce37c04a4f 100644
--- a/include/net/netns/ipv6.h
+++ b/include/net/netns/ipv6.h
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ struct netns_sysctl_ipv6 {
 	int ip6_rt_gc_min_interval;
 	int ip6_rt_gc_timeout;
 	int ip6_rt_gc_interval;
-	int ip6_rt_gc_elasticity;
 	int ip6_rt_mtu_expires;
 	int ip6_rt_min_advmss;
 	u32 multipath_hash_fields;
 	u8 multipath_hash_policy;
+	u8 ip6_rt_gc_elasticity;
 
 	__cacheline_group_begin(sysctl_ipv6_flowlabel);
 	u8 flowlabel_consistency;
diff --git a/net/ipv6/route.c b/net/ipv6/route.c
index 94e5ef1c4f83e..abc8b811cd423 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/route.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/route.c
@@ -6579,6 +6579,8 @@ static int ipv6_sysctl_rtcache_flush(const struct ctl_table *ctl, int write,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int ip6_rt_gc_elasticity_max = 31;
+
 static const struct ctl_table ipv6_route_table_template[] = {
 	{
 		.procname	=	"max_size",
@@ -6625,9 +6627,10 @@ static const struct ctl_table ipv6_route_table_template[] = {
 	{
 		.procname	=	"gc_elasticity",
 		.data		=	&init_net.ipv6.sysctl.ip6_rt_gc_elasticity,
-		.maxlen		=	sizeof(int),
+		.maxlen		=	sizeof(u8),
 		.mode		=	0644,
-		.proc_handler	=	proc_dointvec,
+		.proc_handler	=	proc_dou8vec_minmax,
+		.extra2		=	&ip6_rt_gc_elasticity_max,
 	},
 	{
 		.procname	=	"mtu_expires",
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v2 2/5] ipv4: fix shift-out-of-bounds in ip_rt_send_redirect()

[Jiayuan Chen]

ip_rt_redirect_number is the max number of ICMP Redirects we send to one
endpoint; once we hit it we stop. Before that, ip_rt_redirect_load gives
the redirects an exponential backoff:

	if (peer->n_redirects == 0 ||
	    time_after(jiffies,
		       (peer->rate_last +
			(ip_rt_redirect_load << peer->n_redirects)))) {

n_redirects grows until it reaches ip_rt_redirect_number, and both
redirect_number and redirect_load are plain proc_dointvec sysctls with
no upper bound. Set redirect_number past 32 and n_redirects climbs past
31, so "ip_rt_redirect_load << peer->n_redirects" shifts a 32-bit int by
>= 32 bits, which is UB:

  UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in net/ipv4/route.c:949:6
  shift exponent 32 is too large for 32-bit type 'int'
  CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 1845 Comm: ping Not tainted 7.3.0-rc7+ #364 PREEMPT
  Call Trace:
   <IRQ>
   dump_stack_lvl+0xc1/0xf0
   dump_stack+0x10/0x20
   __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x1d1/0x390
   ip_rt_send_redirect.cold+0x2c/0x146
   ip_forward+0x1ddc/0x2430
   ip_rcv+0x2b1/0x320
   __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x16b/0x1c0
   __netif_receive_skb+0x21/0x150
   process_backlog+0x37e/0x1200
   __napi_poll.constprop.0+0xa5/0x5e0
   net_rx_action+0x4c0/0xf70

Bounding redirect_number instead is not an option: 0 disables redirects
and -1 removes the cap. Compute the backoff in u64 with the shift count
capped at 31, which cannot overflow once ip_rt_redirect_load is
non-negative, and clamp the result to MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET: on 32-bit a
backoff of 2^31 or more is read by time_after() as already expired. This
keeps redirect_number as the limit on how many ICMP redirects are sent,
and the shift can no longer go out of bounds.

redirect_load on the other hand gets a lower bound of 0. A negative
backoff never meant anything, the old code only happened to treat it as
no backoff, and once converted to u64 it would turn into the maximum
backoff instead.

Fixes: 1da177e4c3f4 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
 net/ipv4/route.c | 10 ++++++----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/net/ipv4/route.c b/net/ipv4/route.c
index 595a3b7f17830..f2c899f4cf8ca 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/route.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/route.c
@@ -907,6 +907,7 @@ void ip_rt_send_redirect(struct sk_buff *skb)
 	struct inet_peer *peer;
 	int log_martians;
 	struct net *net;
+	u64 backoff;
 	int vif;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
@@ -945,10 +946,10 @@ void ip_rt_send_redirect(struct sk_buff *skb)
 	/* Check for load limit; set rate_last to the latest sent
 	 * redirect.
 	 */
+	backoff = (u64)ip_rt_redirect_load << min(peer->n_redirects, 31U);
+	backoff = min_t(u64, backoff, MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET);
 	if (peer->n_redirects == 0 ||
-	    time_after(jiffies,
-		       (peer->rate_last +
-			(ip_rt_redirect_load << peer->n_redirects)))) {
+	    time_after(jiffies, peer->rate_last + (unsigned long)backoff)) {
 		__be32 gw = rt_nexthop(rt, ip_hdr(skb)->daddr);
 
 		icmp_send(skb, ICMP_REDIRECT, ICMP_REDIR_HOST, gw);
@@ -3573,7 +3574,8 @@ static struct ctl_table ipv4_route_table[] = {
 		.data		= &ip_rt_redirect_load,
 		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
 		.mode		= 0644,
-		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec,
+		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.extra1		= SYSCTL_ZERO,
 	},
 	{
 		.procname	= "redirect_number",
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net v2 2/5] ipv4: fix shift-out-of-bounds in ip_rt_send_redirect()

[Fernando Fernandez Mancera]

On 10/27/26 11:45 AM, Jiayuan Chen wrote:
> ip_rt_redirect_number is the max number of ICMP Redirects we send to one
> endpoint; once we hit it we stop. Before that, ip_rt_redirect_load gives
> the redirects an exponential backoff:
> 
> 	if (peer->n_redirects == 0 ||
> 	    time_after(jiffies,
> 		       (peer->rate_last +
> 			(ip_rt_redirect_load << peer->n_redirects)))) {
> 
> n_redirects grows until it reaches ip_rt_redirect_number, and both
> redirect_number and redirect_load are plain proc_dointvec sysctls with
> no upper bound. Set redirect_number past 32 and n_redirects climbs past
> 31, so "ip_rt_redirect_load << peer->n_redirects" shifts a 32-bit int by
>> = 32 bits, which is UB:
> 
>    UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in net/ipv4/route.c:949:6
>    shift exponent 32 is too large for 32-bit type 'int'
>    CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 1845 Comm: ping Not tainted 7.3.0-rc7+ #364 PREEMPT
>    Call Trace:
>     <IRQ>
>     dump_stack_lvl+0xc1/0xf0
>     dump_stack+0x10/0x20
>     __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x1d1/0x390
>     ip_rt_send_redirect.cold+0x2c/0x146
>     ip_forward+0x1ddc/0x2430
>     ip_rcv+0x2b1/0x320
>     __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x16b/0x1c0
>     __netif_receive_skb+0x21/0x150
>     process_backlog+0x37e/0x1200
>     __napi_poll.constprop.0+0xa5/0x5e0
>     net_rx_action+0x4c0/0xf70
> 
> Bounding redirect_number instead is not an option: 0 disables redirects
> and -1 removes the cap. Compute the backoff in u64 with the shift count
> capped at 31, which cannot overflow once ip_rt_redirect_load is
> non-negative, and clamp the result to MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET: on 32-bit a
> backoff of 2^31 or more is read by time_after() as already expired. This
> keeps redirect_number as the limit on how many ICMP redirects are sent,
> and the shift can no longer go out of bounds.
> 
> redirect_load on the other hand gets a lower bound of 0. A negative
> backoff never meant anything, the old code only happened to treat it as
> no backoff, and once converted to u64 it would turn into the maximum
> backoff instead.
> 
> Fixes: 1da177e4c3f4 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>

Reviewed-by: Fernando Fernandez Mancera <fmancera@suse.de>

Thanks!

[PATCH net v2 3/5] ipv6: restrict mld_qrv to 255

[Jiayuan Chen]

net.ipv6.mld_qrv only has a lower bound, but ipv6_mc_reset() stores it
into the u8 inet6_dev::mc_qrv, so 256 wraps to 0 and the first MLDv2
Query received on the interface trips the WARN_ON() in mld_update_qrv():

	WARN_ON(idev->mc_qrv == 0);

  WARNING: net/ipv6/mcast.c:1327 at mld_query_work+0x1fd2/0x2cb0, CPU#3: kworker/3:1/2688
  Workqueue: mld mld_query_work
  RIP: 0010:mld_query_work+0x1fd2/0x2cb0
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   process_one_work+0x93a/0x1b20
   worker_thread+0x6d0/0x11d0
   kthread+0x358/0x470
   ret_from_fork+0x5b3/0x820
   ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
   </TASK>

Make the sysctl a u8 like mc_qrv and switch to proc_dou8vec_minmax(),
which rejects anything above 255, and document it.

Fixes: 2f711939d2ea ("ipv6: add sysctl_mld_qrv to configure query robustness variable")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Fernando Fernandez Mancera <fmancera@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
v2: switched to u8 and proc_dou8vec_minmax(), as suggested by Kuniyuki
Iwashima.
---
 Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst | 2 ++
 include/net/ipv6.h                     | 2 +-
 net/ipv6/mcast.c                       | 2 +-
 net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c             | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
index 4b19c8d3efda7..71f334f27004e 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
@@ -2515,6 +2515,8 @@ mld_qrv - INTEGER
 
 	Minimum: 1 (as specified by RFC6636 4.5)
 
+	Maximum: 255
+
 max_dst_opts_number - INTEGER
 	Maximum number of non-padding TLVs allowed in a Destination
 	options extension header. If this value is less than zero
diff --git a/include/net/ipv6.h b/include/net/ipv6.h
index 3de07e738538f..4901a92066e61 100644
--- a/include/net/ipv6.h
+++ b/include/net/ipv6.h
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ struct sk_buff *ip6_frag_next(struct sk_buff *skb,
 
 /* sysctls */
 extern int sysctl_mld_max_msf;
-extern int sysctl_mld_qrv;
+extern u8 sysctl_mld_qrv;
 
 #define _DEVINC(net, statname, mod, idev, field)			\
 ({									\
diff --git a/net/ipv6/mcast.c b/net/ipv6/mcast.c
index ecef55f261890..13f31132e0f97 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/mcast.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/mcast.c
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static int __ipv6_dev_mc_inc(struct net_device *dev,
 #define IPV6_MLD_MAX_MSF	64
 
 int sysctl_mld_max_msf __read_mostly = IPV6_MLD_MAX_MSF;
-int sysctl_mld_qrv __read_mostly = MLD_QRV_DEFAULT;
+u8 sysctl_mld_qrv __read_mostly = MLD_QRV_DEFAULT;
 
 #define mc_assert_locked(idev)			\
 	lockdep_assert_held(&(idev)->mc_lock)
diff --git a/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c b/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c
index 1a0a36dcdabc1..f3ac04dbc71d0 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c
@@ -226,9 +226,9 @@ static struct ctl_table ipv6_rotable[] = {
 	{
 		.procname	= "mld_qrv",
 		.data		= &sysctl_mld_qrv,
-		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(u8),
 		.mode		= 0644,
-		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.proc_handler	= proc_dou8vec_minmax,
 		.extra1		= SYSCTL_ONE
 	},
 #ifdef CONFIG_NETLABEL
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v2 4/5] ipv4: restrict igmp_qrv to 255

[Jiayuan Chen]

net.ipv4.igmp_qrv only has a lower bound, but ip_mc_reset() stores it
into the u8 in_device::mr_qrv, and the IGMPv3 retransmit counters filled
from it (crcount, sf_crcount) are u8 as well. Anything above 255
silently wraps. With 256, mr_qrv becomes 0, every
"in_dev->mr_qrv ?: sysctl_igmp_qrv" falls back to 256, which truncates
to 0 again in crcount, and igmpv3_send_cr() never puts the state change
records for the group into a report. The older version querier present
timeout (mr_qrv * mr_qi + mr_qri) also collapses to just mr_qri.

Make the sysctl a u8 like mr_qrv and switch to proc_dou8vec_minmax(),
which rejects anything above 255, and document it.

Fixes: a9fe8e29945d ("ipv4: implement igmp_qrv sysctl to tune igmp robustness variable")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Fernando Fernandez Mancera <fmancera@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
For AI review: drivers/net/amt.c writing sysctl_igmp_qrv into the 3-bit
qrv wire fields is pre-existing and out of scope for this patch.

v2: switched to u8 and proc_dou8vec_minmax(), as suggested by Kuniyuki
Iwashima.
---
 Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst                        | 2 ++
 Documentation/networking/net_cachelines/netns_ipv4_sysctl.rst | 2 +-
 include/net/netns/ipv4.h                                      | 2 +-
 net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c                                    | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
index 71f334f27004e..9e282fb046904 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
@@ -1906,6 +1906,8 @@ igmp_qrv - INTEGER
 
 	Minimum: 1 (as specified by RFC6636 4.5)
 
+	Maximum: 255
+
 force_igmp_version - INTEGER
 	- 0 - (default) No enforcement of a IGMP version, IGMPv1/v2 fallback
 	  allowed. Will back to IGMPv3 mode again if all IGMPv1/v2 Querier
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/net_cachelines/netns_ipv4_sysctl.rst b/Documentation/networking/net_cachelines/netns_ipv4_sysctl.rst
index 3dc03bff739e4..2833ce6cba1d4 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/net_cachelines/netns_ipv4_sysctl.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/net_cachelines/netns_ipv4_sysctl.rst
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ int                             sysctl_udp_rmem_min
 u8                              sysctl_fib_notify_on_flag_change
 u8                              sysctl_udp_l3mdev_accept
 u8                              sysctl_igmp_llm_reports
+u8                              sysctl_igmp_qrv
 int                             sysctl_igmp_max_memberships
 int                             sysctl_igmp_max_msf
-int                             sysctl_igmp_qrv
 struct_ping_group_range         ping_group_range
 atomic_t                        dev_addr_genid
 unsigned_int                    sysctl_udp_child_hash_entries
diff --git a/include/net/netns/ipv4.h b/include/net/netns/ipv4.h
index cb7f8bf15671c..3efbc7f4b4f7d 100644
--- a/include/net/netns/ipv4.h
+++ b/include/net/netns/ipv4.h
@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@ struct netns_ipv4 {
 #endif
 
 	u8 sysctl_igmp_llm_reports;
+	u8 sysctl_igmp_qrv;
 	int sysctl_igmp_max_memberships;
 	int sysctl_igmp_max_msf;
-	int sysctl_igmp_qrv;
 
 	struct ping_group_range ping_group_range;
 	u16			ping_port_rover;
diff --git a/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c b/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c
index e3760daa34706..09f7fc6771456 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c
@@ -975,9 +975,9 @@ static const struct ctl_table ipv4_net_table[] = {
 	{
 		.procname	= "igmp_qrv",
 		.data		= &init_net.ipv4.sysctl_igmp_qrv,
-		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(u8),
 		.mode		= 0644,
-		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.proc_handler	= proc_dou8vec_minmax,
 		.extra1		= SYSCTL_ONE
 	},
 #endif
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v2 5/5] net: restrict message_cost and message_burst to non-negative values

[Jiayuan Chen]

net.core.message_cost and net.core.message_burst feed the interval and
burst of net_ratelimit_state, but neither rejects negative values:
message_burst uses plain proc_dointvec, and message_cost uses
proc_dointvec_jiffies, which happily stores -1 second as -HZ jiffies.

Since commit a940d145cc38 ("ratelimit: Warn if ->interval or ->burst are
negative"), ___ratelimit() splats on such values, so the next
net_ratelimit() caller warns, e.g. a martian source log:

  Negative interval (-250) or burst (10): Uninitialized ratelimit_state structure?
  WARNING: lib/ratelimit.c:43 at ___ratelimit+0x56e/0x960, CPU#1: ping/3218
  RIP: 0010:___ratelimit+0x578/0x960
  Call Trace:
   <IRQ>
   net_ratelimit+0x1c/0x30
   ip_handle_martian_source+0x1bb/0x340
   ip_route_input_slow+0x1057/0x3650
   ip_route_input_noref+0x104/0x260
   arp_process+0x109b/0x2510
   arp_rcv+0x381/0x460
   __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x173/0x1c0
   __netif_receive_skb+0x21/0x150
   process_backlog+0x37e/0x1200
   __napi_poll.constprop.0+0xa5/0x5e0
   net_rx_action+0x4c0/0xf70
   handle_softirqs+0x204/0x9b0
   __do_softirq+0x10/0x18
   do_softirq.part.0+0x49/0xd0
   </IRQ>

Negative values never meant anything here: 0 already expresses both
"no limit" (interval) and "suppress everything" (burst).

Reject them at write time. message_burst can simply use
proc_dointvec_minmax with extra1 = 0. proc_dointvec_jiffies has no
minmax variant, so add proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax(), mirroring
proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies_minmax(), and use it for message_cost with
extra1 = 0. Note that like the ms variant, extra1/extra2 are compared
against the converted jiffies value.

Fixes: a940d145cc38 ("ratelimit: Warn if ->interval or ->burst are negative")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-by: Joel Granados <joel.granados@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
 include/linux/jiffies.h    |  2 ++
 kernel/time/jiffies.c      | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 net/core/sysctl_net_core.c |  6 ++++--
 3 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/jiffies.h b/include/linux/jiffies.h
index bbd57061802cd..de12920f8e94b 100644
--- a/include/linux/jiffies.h
+++ b/include/linux/jiffies.h
@@ -646,6 +646,8 @@ extern unsigned long nsecs_to_jiffies(u64 n);
 struct ctl_table;
 int proc_dointvec_jiffies(const struct ctl_table *table, int dir, void *buffer,
 			  size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
+int proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax(const struct ctl_table *table, int dir,
+				 void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
 int proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies_minmax(const struct ctl_table *table, int dir,
 				    void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
 int proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies(const struct ctl_table *table, int dir,
diff --git a/kernel/time/jiffies.c b/kernel/time/jiffies.c
index 9b3487d40cd6a..22a70caa58bc1 100644
--- a/kernel/time/jiffies.c
+++ b/kernel/time/jiffies.c
@@ -165,6 +165,14 @@ static int do_proc_int_conv_jiffies(bool *negp, ulong *u_ptr, int *k_ptr,
 			     sysctl_u2k_int_conv_hz, sysctl_k2u_int_conv_hz);
 }
 
+static int do_proc_int_conv_jiffies_minmax(bool *negp, ulong *u_ptr,
+					   int *k_ptr, int dir,
+					   const struct ctl_table *tbl)
+{
+	return proc_int_conv(negp, u_ptr, k_ptr, dir, tbl, true,
+			     sysctl_u2k_int_conv_hz, sysctl_k2u_int_conv_hz);
+}
+
 static int do_proc_int_conv_userhz_jiffies(bool *negp, ulong *u_ptr,
 					   int *k_ptr, int dir,
 					   const struct ctl_table *tbl)
@@ -213,6 +221,13 @@ static int do_proc_int_conv_jiffies(bool *negp, ulong *u_ptr, int *k_ptr,
 	return -ENOSYS;
 }
 
+static int do_proc_int_conv_jiffies_minmax(bool *negp, ulong *u_ptr,
+					   int *k_ptr, int dir,
+					   const struct ctl_table *tbl)
+{
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+
 static int do_proc_int_conv_userhz_jiffies(bool *negp, ulong *u_ptr,
 					   int *k_ptr, int dir,
 					   const struct ctl_table *tbl)
@@ -263,6 +278,31 @@ int proc_dointvec_jiffies(const struct ctl_table *table, int dir,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dointvec_jiffies);
 
+/**
+ * proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax - read a vector of integers as seconds with min/max values
+ * @table: the sysctl table
+ * @dir: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
+ * @buffer: the user buffer
+ * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
+ * @ppos: file position
+ *
+ * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned int) integer
+ * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
+ * The values read are assumed to be in seconds, and are converted into
+ * jiffies. The converted values are checked against the optional
+ * table->extra1 (min) and table->extra2 (max) bounds, in jiffies;
+ * a value outside the range is rejected with -EINVAL.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success.
+ */
+int proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax(const struct ctl_table *table, int dir,
+				 void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	return proc_dointvec_conv(table, dir, buffer, lenp, ppos,
+				  do_proc_int_conv_jiffies_minmax);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax);
+
 /**
  * proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies - read a vector of integers as 1/USER_HZ seconds
  * @table: the sysctl table
diff --git a/net/core/sysctl_net_core.c b/net/core/sysctl_net_core.c
index 473c162736d69..9226b96f2e89b 100644
--- a/net/core/sysctl_net_core.c
+++ b/net/core/sysctl_net_core.c
@@ -544,14 +544,16 @@ static struct ctl_table net_core_table[] = {
 		.data		= &net_ratelimit_state.interval,
 		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
 		.mode		= 0644,
-		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_jiffies,
+		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax,
+		.extra1		= SYSCTL_ZERO,
 	},
 	{
 		.procname	= "message_burst",
 		.data		= &net_ratelimit_state.burst,
 		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
 		.mode		= 0644,
-		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec,
+		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.extra1		= SYSCTL_ZERO,
 	},
 #ifdef CONFIG_RPS
 	{
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net v2 5/5] net: restrict message_cost and message_burst to non-negative values

[Fernando Fernandez Mancera]

On 10/27/26 11:45 AM, Jiayuan Chen wrote:
> net.core.message_cost and net.core.message_burst feed the interval and
> burst of net_ratelimit_state, but neither rejects negative values:
> message_burst uses plain proc_dointvec, and message_cost uses
> proc_dointvec_jiffies, which happily stores -1 second as -HZ jiffies.
> 
> Since commit a940d145cc38 ("ratelimit: Warn if ->interval or ->burst are
> negative"), ___ratelimit() splats on such values, so the next
> net_ratelimit() caller warns, e.g. a martian source log:
> 
>    Negative interval (-250) or burst (10): Uninitialized ratelimit_state structure?
>    WARNING: lib/ratelimit.c:43 at ___ratelimit+0x56e/0x960, CPU#1: ping/3218
>    RIP: 0010:___ratelimit+0x578/0x960
>    Call Trace:
>     <IRQ>
>     net_ratelimit+0x1c/0x30
>     ip_handle_martian_source+0x1bb/0x340
>     ip_route_input_slow+0x1057/0x3650
>     ip_route_input_noref+0x104/0x260
>     arp_process+0x109b/0x2510
>     arp_rcv+0x381/0x460
>     __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x173/0x1c0
>     __netif_receive_skb+0x21/0x150
>     process_backlog+0x37e/0x1200
>     __napi_poll.constprop.0+0xa5/0x5e0
>     net_rx_action+0x4c0/0xf70
>     handle_softirqs+0x204/0x9b0
>     __do_softirq+0x10/0x18
>     do_softirq.part.0+0x49/0xd0
>     </IRQ>
> 
> Negative values never meant anything here: 0 already expresses both
> "no limit" (interval) and "suppress everything" (burst).
> 
> Reject them at write time. message_burst can simply use
> proc_dointvec_minmax with extra1 = 0. proc_dointvec_jiffies has no
> minmax variant, so add proc_dointvec_jiffies_minmax(), mirroring
> proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies_minmax(), and use it for message_cost with
> extra1 = 0. Note that like the ms variant, extra1/extra2 are compared
> against the converted jiffies value.
> 
> Fixes: a940d145cc38 ("ratelimit: Warn if ->interval or ->burst are negative")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Suggested-by: Joel Granados <joel.granados@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Fernando Fernandez Mancera <fmancera@suse.de>

Thanks!