[PATCH 0/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Orange Pi Zero2 fixes, GPU DVFS and GPU cooling

[PATCH 0/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Orange Pi Zero2 fixes, GPU DVFS and GPU cooling

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

This series collects the device tree changes we carry for the Orange
Pi Zero2 (H616):

- Patch 1 makes the H616 codec node cover the DAC RAMP register that
  the driver uses (it currently works only because ioremap() rounds up).
- Patch 2 fixes intermittent dead-RX boots of the Zero2's Ethernet by
  letting the RTL8211F add the RX delay ("rgmii-rxid"), as the Zero3
  already does.
- Patches 3 and 4 add an H616 GPU OPP table and make the Mali-G31 a
  cooling device of the GPU thermal zone, with a passive trip point.
- Patches 5 and 6 enable GPU DVFS on the Zero2. Patch 5 first raises the
  floor of the GPU supply to 900 mV, because on this board the rail is
  shared with VDD-SYS and the video engine corrupts decoded frames at
  810 mV.
- Patch 7 describes the SPI NOR supply, patch 8 adds i2c aliases so the
  header buses keep the controller's number.

Testing, on an Orange Pi Zero2 with a v7.3-based kernel carrying the
same DT content:
- RGMII: 10 of 10 cold boots with a working receive path (the problem
  showed up as intermittent dead-RX boots before); iperf3 853/873 Mbit/s
  and 86 minutes of traffic without loss.
- VDD-SYS: with the VE at 600 MHz, only 6 of 13 4K H.265 decodes were
  bit-exact with the rail at 810 mV; 3 of 3 at 890 mV and 3 of 3 at
  950 mV. With the 900 mV floor, a 70-minute decode soak (H.265 and VP9)
  had 42 of 42 runs correct.
- GPU DVFS: panfrost devfreq scales 306-600 MHz and the vdd-gpu-sys
  voltage follows the OPPs within [900, 990] mV.
- GPU cooling: the gpu-thermal zone binds the panfrost devfreq cooling
  device. The 85 C trip itself was not reached on this board (it peaked
  at about 70 C).
- SPI NOR: the "supply vcc not found, using dummy regulator" message is
  gone; the flash reads back correctly.
- i2c aliases: TWI3 enabled by an overlay shows up as i2c-3.
- Codec: analog line-out playback works.

The series is based on sunxi/dt-for-7.5. "make CHECK_DTBS=y W=1" gives
no new warnings for the H616/H618 boards. The Zero3 shares the GPU
supply design, but I have no Zero3 to test, so it is left out.

These patches were developed with Claude (Anthropic) as a
coding assistant: it investigated the problem, wrote the code and
the commit messages. I reviewed them, and they were tested on an
Orange Pi Zero2 (H616) as described above.

---
Arun Iyengar (8):
      arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Cover the codec RAMP register
      arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Let the PHY add the RX delay
      arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Add GPU OPP table
      arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Throttle the GPU from the GPU thermal zone
      arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Keep VDD-SYS at or above 900 mV
      arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Enable GPU DVFS
      arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Describe the SPI NOR supply
      arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Add i2c aliases

 .../boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-gpu-opp.dtsi    | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 .../dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts   | 22 ++++++--
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi     | 17 +++++-
 3 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: a7f6e476aaedba0d8ec575acaeb3257f900a592f
change-id: 20261110-h616-zero2-dt-acb4ccecaa0f

Best regards,
--  
Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

[PATCH 1/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Cover the codec RAMP register

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

The codec node maps 0x31c bytes, but the H616 codec has its DAC
RAMP control register at offset 0x31c (H616 user manual v1.0,
section 8.4.6.56), and the sun4i-codec driver uses it: the H616
regmap has max_register = SUN50I_H616_DAC_AC_RAMP_REG (0x31c). The
access only works because ioremap() rounds the mapping up to a page.

Grow the region to 0x320 bytes so that it covers the register.

Fixes: 3eef85034c96 ("arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Add audio codec node")
Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi
index e4e0b999473e..68bd6137c316 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ spdif: spdif@5093000 {
 		codec: codec@5096000 {
 			#sound-dai-cells = <0>;
 			compatible = "allwinner,sun50i-h616-codec";
-			reg = <0x05096000 0x31c>;
+			reg = <0x05096000 0x320>;
 			interrupts = <GIC_SPI 58 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
 			clocks = <&ccu CLK_BUS_AUDIO_CODEC>,
 				 <&ccu CLK_AUDIO_CODEC_1X>;

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH 2/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Let the PHY add the RX delay

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

The Orange Pi Zero2 describes its RTL8211F link as "rgmii", with the
whole RX clock delay (3100 ps, the maximum the H616 EMAC syscon can
add) inserted by the MAC. With "rgmii" the Realtek PHY driver also
clears the PHY's own RX delay bit, so RX sampling relies on the MAC
delay alone and sits at the edge of the window.

On the board this shows up as intermittent boots with a dead receive
path, after cold and warm resets alike: the link comes up at
1000/full and frames are transmitted and seen by the peer, but nothing
is ever received and the EMAC raises no RX interrupt. All EMAC clock,
pinmux, drive strength and syscon registers are the same on good and
bad boots. On a bad boot, setting the PHY RX delay bit and clearing
the syscon RX delay restores reception at once, without a link reset.

Use "rgmii-rxid" (RX delay in the PHY, none in the MAC), as the Orange
Pi Zero3 with the same PHY already does, and as the vendor BSP does.
The 700 ps MAC TX delay is kept. With this change 10 of 10 cold boots
had a working receive path.

Fixes: 5a378f9f2b15 ("arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Add OrangePi Zero 2 board support")
Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
index f2e3300e078a..1fdf2d3c1a87 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ &cpu0 {
 };
 
 &emac0 {
-	allwinner,rx-delay-ps = <3100>;
 	allwinner,tx-delay-ps = <700>;
-	phy-mode = "rgmii";
+	/* RX delay is added by the PHY, TX delay by the EMAC */
+	phy-mode = "rgmii-rxid";
 	phy-supply = <&reg_dcdce>;
 };
 

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH 3/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Add GPU OPP table

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

Add the operating points of the H616/H618 Mali-G31, so that boards can
enable GPU DVFS through panfrost devfreq: 306 to 600 MHz at 810 to
950 mV. The table is the one of the vendor images (as recovered from a
KickPi K2B image, also carried by Armbian), and follows the H6 GPU OPP
table in using <target min max> voltage triplets with a common 990 mV
maximum, so a board can raise the minimum of the GPU supply without
losing operating points.

Like sun50i-h616-cpu-opp.dtsi, the table is in a separate file that
boards include once their GPU supply is described.

Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 .../boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-gpu-opp.dtsi    | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-gpu-opp.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-gpu-opp.dtsi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..511174eee271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-gpu-opp.dtsi
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR MIT)
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
+
+/ {
+	gpu_opp_table: opp-table-gpu {
+		compatible = "operating-points-v2";
+
+		opp-306000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <306000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <810000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-336000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <336000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <810000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-360000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <360000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <820000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-384000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <384000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <830000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-420000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <420000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <850000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-456000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <456000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <870000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-504000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <504000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <890000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-540000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <540000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <910000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-576000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <576000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <930000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+
+		opp-600000000 {
+			opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <600000000>;
+			opp-microvolt = <950000 810000 990000>;
+		};
+	};
+};
+
+&gpu {
+	operating-points-v2 = <&gpu_opp_table>;
+};

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH 4/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: h616: Throttle the GPU from the GPU thermal zone

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

The gpu-thermal zone only has the 110 C critical trip point, and the
GPU node is not a cooling device. Once a board describes GPU operating
points (panfrost devfreq), the only reaction to a hot Mali-G31 is
therefore a shutdown.

Make the GPU a cooling device and add a passive trip point at 85 C
(2 C hysteresis) that lets the thermal core lower the GPU OPP. 85 C is
the CPU alert level mainline uses on the H6 (same thermal sensor
generation), and is below the 90 C at which the vendor BSP for the
H616 throttles the GPU (it maps the GPU to its CPU "target" trip).

Boards without a GPU OPP table are not affected: panfrost then
registers no devfreq cooling device and the map stays unbound.

Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi
index 68bd6137c316..93c3b8279241 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616.dtsi
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ gpu: gpu@1800000 {
 			clock-names = "core", "bus";
 			power-domains = <&prcm_ppu 2>;
 			resets = <&ccu RST_BUS_GPU>;
+			#cooling-cells = <2>;
 			status = "disabled";
 		};
 
@@ -1124,12 +1125,24 @@ gpu-thermal {
 			sustainable-power = <1100>;
 
 			trips {
-				gpu_temp_critical: gpu-trip-0 {
+				gpu_alert: gpu-trip-0 {
+					temperature = <85000>;
+					type = "passive";
+					hysteresis = <2000>;
+				};
+				gpu_temp_critical: gpu-trip-1 {
 					temperature = <110000>;
 					type = "critical";
 					hysteresis = <0>;
 				};
 			};
+
+			cooling-maps {
+				map0 {
+					trip = <&gpu_alert>;
+					cooling-device = <&gpu THERMAL_NO_LIMIT THERMAL_NO_LIMIT>;
+				};
+			};
 		};
 
 		ve-thermal {

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH 5/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Keep VDD-SYS at or above 900 mV

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

On the Orange Pi Zero2 the AXP305 DCDCC "vdd-gpu-sys" rail feeds both
the Mali-G31 and the SoC's VDD-SYS domain, which includes the video
engine. Its regulator range starts at 810 mV, the lowest GPU operating
point, so once GPU DVFS is enabled the rail drops to 810 mV whenever
the GPU is idle. The video engine does not tolerate that: with the VE
at 600 MHz, 4K H.265 decodes intermittently produce a few corrupted
CTBs, without any kernel message. Only 6 of 13 runs were bit-exact at
810 mV, against 3 of 3 at 890 mV, 3 of 3 at 950 mV, and 3 of 3 at
810 mV with the VE clocked down to 432 MHz. The vendor BSP runs every
GPU operating point at 950 mV, so it never lowers this rail.

Raise the regulator minimum to 900 mV before GPU DVFS is enabled. The
H616 GPU operating points use <target min max> triplets with a 990 mV
maximum, so the regulator core clamps the low-frequency requests into
[900, 990] mV and devfreq still scales the GPU clock.

Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
index 1fdf2d3c1a87..719d6dadf7bf 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ reg_dcdca: dcdca {
 
 			reg_dcdcc: dcdcc {
 				regulator-always-on;
-				regulator-min-microvolt = <810000>;
+				regulator-min-microvolt = <900000>;
 				regulator-max-microvolt = <990000>;
 				regulator-name = "vdd-gpu-sys";
 			};

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH 6/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Enable GPU DVFS

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

The Mali-G31 on the Orange Pi Zero2 runs at a fixed clock. Include the
H616 GPU OPP table so that panfrost registers a devfreq device and
scales the GPU between 306 and 600 MHz with load. The voltage window
of every operating point overlaps the 900 to 990 mV range of the GPU
supply (AXP305 DCDCC, mali-supply).

Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
index 719d6dadf7bf..ca78d094c431 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero.dtsi"
 #include "sun50i-h616-cpu-opp.dtsi"
+#include "sun50i-h616-gpu-opp.dtsi"
 
 / {
 	model = "OrangePi Zero2";

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH 7/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Describe the SPI NOR supply

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

The SPI NOR core requests a "vcc" supply for the flash. It is not
described for the Orange Pi Zero2, so the core falls back to a dummy
regulator and logs at boot:

  spi-nor spi0.0: supply vcc not found, using dummy regulator

Per the Orange Pi Zero2 v1.3 schematic, the 2 MiB SPI NOR flash on SPI0
(port PC) is powered from the 3.3 V VCC-IO rail generated by ALDO1,
which already supplies port PC here. Describe it.

Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
index ca78d094c431..d5d39bac5915 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
@@ -148,3 +148,9 @@ &pio {
 	vcc-ph-supply = <&reg_aldo1>;
 	vcc-pi-supply = <&reg_aldo1>;
 };
+
+&spi0 {
+	flash@0 {
+		vcc-supply = <&reg_aldo1>;
+	};
+};

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH 8/8] arm64: dts: allwinner: orangepi-zero2: Add i2c aliases

[Arun Iyengar via B4 Relay]

From: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>

The I2C core numbers adapters after the "i2cN" aliases and hands out
dynamic numbers, in probe order, to adapters without one. The Orange Pi
Zero2 DT has no i2c aliases, so a TWI controller enabled by an overlay
for the header pins gets whatever number is free when it probes: TWI3
on header pins 3 and 5 does not show up as /dev/i2c-3, and the number
changes with the set of enabled buses. The vendor manual and the
vendor BSP name the buses after the controller.

Pin the numbering as the vendor BSP does: i2c0 to i2c4 are TWI0 to
TWI4, i2c5 is R_TWI. Disabled controllers get no adapter, so nothing
changes for buses that stay off.

Signed-off-by: Arun Iyengar <aiyengar1990@gmail.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
index d5d39bac5915..98fc83291dc8 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@
 / {
 	model = "OrangePi Zero2";
 	compatible = "xunlong,orangepi-zero2", "allwinner,sun50i-h616";
+
+	aliases {
+		i2c0 = &i2c0;
+		i2c1 = &i2c1;
+		i2c2 = &i2c2;
+		i2c3 = &i2c3;
+		i2c4 = &i2c4;
+		i2c5 = &r_i2c;
+	};
 };
 
 &cpu0 {

-- 
2.55.0